President Donald Trump delivered on his threat to hit Canada and Mexico with sweeping import levies and doubled an existing charge on China, spurring swift reprisals that plunged the world economy into a deepening trade war.     

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The US new tariffs — 25% duties on most Canadian and Mexican imports and raising the charge on China to 20% — impact roughly $1.5 trillion in annual imports, an expansive move signaling to markets that the Republican president is committed to wielding import duties to obtain fresh revenue and create domestic manufacturing jobs. 
Canada hit back with phased levies on $107 billion worth of US goods while China imposed tariffs of as high as 15%, mainly on American agricultural shipments. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum on Monday said her government would await Trump’s decision before reacting with any retaliatory measures and is expected to address reporters on Tuesday morning local time. 
The moves mark a new phase in Trump’s broadening economic and diplomatic reset of America’s place in the world. Confirmation of the levies lays to rest doubts the US president would actually follow through on his repeated threats to upend global economic ties to counter what he casts as imbalanced trade. 
“We are in a new era where the mantra is to protect markets and the US is leading in this,” said Alicia Garcia Herrero, chief Asia-Pacific economist at Natixis. “China retaliated focusing on Trump’s staunchest voters in the agriculture sector. But that is not going to stop him.” 
The tariffs bring American import levies to their highest average level seen since 1943, according to the Budget Lab at Yale. That would lead to as much as $2,000 in additional costs for US households. It also will mean significantly slower economic growth in the US, especially if other countries retaliate, according to a report published Monday. 
And Trump has indicated more tariffs are to come, including in April reciprocal tariffs on all US trading partners that have their own levies or other barriers on American products, as well as sectoral taxes of 25% on cars, semiconductors and pharmaceuticals. Those tariffs are also poised to be cumulative — in addition to any across-the-board tariff on a particular nation. 
Trump has also said a 25% tariff is in the works for the European Union and is investigating levies on copper and lumber imports. Steel and aluminum tariffs are also set to take effect on March 12, further impacting Canada and Mexico.
Financial markets largely took the moment the tariffs came into effect in stride — with Chinese stocks even climbing intraday. In the run-up to the deadline, though, US equities tumbled the most this year, while Treasury yields earlier fell to the lowest in four months and oil dropped to a three-month low. 
The Canadian government late Monday announced it will proceed with a sweeping package of counter-tariffs against US-made products. The first stage is 25% tariffs on about C$30 billion ($20.6 billion) worth of goods from US exporters to go into effect at the same time as the US levies. A second round of tariffs at the same rate will be placed on C$125 billion of products in three weeks — a list that will include big-ticket items like cars, trucks, steel and aluminum. 
“Canada will not let this unjustified decision go unanswered,” Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said in a statement. The retaliation plan is the same as the one he announced in February after Trump signed his executive order for broad tariffs. 

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