History Behind News Program

From Roman Britain to the streets of Paris, from there to Stalingrad in WWII, the Vietnam War's Tet Offensive, the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, and then to Gaza.

In this episode, I ask the following questions from my guest, Dr. Mary Elizabeth Walters:

Dr. Walters is an Assistant Professor of Military and Security Studies in the Department of International Security at the Air Command and Staff College. She received both her MA and PhD in military history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Walters is currently working on an oral history project exploring Operation Allies Welcome, the U.S. military support for the evacuation and resettlement of Afghans spanning 2021-2022. Her second book project, Hospitality is the Law of the Mountains: The 1999 Kosovo War, examines how Albanians – motivated by the Albanian concept of hospitality – took strangers into their homes and communities and changed the course of the refugee crisis. Before joining ACSC, Walters was an assistant professor in the History Department at Kansas State University.

You can follow Dr. Walters here: https://twitter.com/mewalters101

Click here for videos & images of this podcast.

Attrition Warfare:

Earlier this year, when Russia's invasion of Ukraine turned into its 2nd year, I questioned whether or not that war was essentially becoming a war of attrition. And if so, then what's the history of attrition warfare? And which party may benefit from it? The weaker defending party? Or the stronger invading party?

Dr. Sebastian Lukasik was my guest for that episode. He is a Professor in the Department of Leadership and Research Development at Air Command and Staff College. Listen here: https://bit.ly/HbN-S3E8s

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel, host & producer

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Here are links to articles mentioned in this episode:

WSJ, 10/23/23

NYT, 10/25/23

WSJ, 10/26/23

As Gaza and Israel explode in crisis and unspeakable tragedies unfold there, we are producing a Middle Series in which we will soon have guests to tell the story of the Palestinian people.

In this episode, my guest, Dr. Michael Ptylik, tells the story of the origin of Jewish people through these discussion points:

Dr. Pytlik is a professor in Anthropology and Judaic Studies, Director of Judaic Studies, and Director of the Cis Maisel Center for Judaic Studies at Oakland, University, in Rochester, MI.

To learn more about him, you can visit his academic homepage. Also, here is his dissertation on Imagining David, the Man and King, and also a paper on the Canaanite and Judean Cities of Lachish, Israel.

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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On the balance, have labor unions benefited American labor? The history of UAW is the story of labor demanding a share of the profits. It's the story of how presidents and politics impact private labor contracts. It's also the story of a corruption scandal at a union with a reputation for high integrity.

For more details on this episode, including fast facts, history highlights, images and more, read my post on HbN's site.

She shared the history of unions in the service industries, such as healthcare and hospitality. And she told me how the history of America's labor unions is tightly intertwined with the history of immigration.

Dr. Bronfenbrenner also enlightened me about a point I hadn't appreciated before - that unions also fight to protect the climate.

You can listen to that episode here: https://bit.ly/HbN-S2E23s

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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From mounted horses to hypersonic weapons. This is the story of the global competition of great powers. It’s a story that China has always been a part of, sometimes as the victor, sometimes as the vanquished. In this episode, my guest, Dr. David A. Graff, compares China’s Military might and history to Tibetans, Turks, Mongols, Arabs, Russians, and then the British

1) Why in China they consider the Tang Dynasty as China’s Golden Age?

2) The cavalry - its power and limitations, a theme in China's long imperial history.

3) How China beat and was beaten by the Tibetans, Turks, Mongols and Manchurians.

4) A pivotal battle that changed history. Or maybe not so much!

5) Why did the Ming Empire mothball the Treasure Ships – an armada that dwarfed Europe’s navies.

6) How the Qing Empire, China’s arguably most successful imperial dynasty, was blindsided by the West.

7) China’s military recruitment challenges – from the Ming Empire to President Xi: Born To Fly, a recent Chinese movie similar to Top Gun.

8) Why is Taiwan a question of legitimacy for the PRC?

To learn more about Dr. Graff, you can visit his academic homepage.

More on China?

We got more. Click here to read, listen and watch our series on China.

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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Did you know, that the compass, gunpowder, paper, and the printing press, all history-changing technologies, were invented in China? Yet, the realization of their economic values happened in Europe, not in China. This is the story of the steep price that imperial China paid for the sake of stability and scale, a story that Communist China seems to be repeating now.

Dr. Yasheng Huang of MIT’s Sloan School of Management, HbN's guest for this subject, analyzes China's colossal economic successes and gigantic failures ("gigantic" is his word) in the context of innovation, freedom of ideas, and diversity of ideologies. Similar to other countries, China's economic success depends on the right balance between scope and scale, terms that Dr. Huang explains. But in most of China's long history, this balance has tipped towards scale, with grave consequences for China's economy and civilization. In this episode, Dr. Huang discusses the following:

Read more about this episode, see historical images and watch videos on the HbN website here.

This New York Times article, which I mention in this episode, is about a Chinese woman whose journey epitomizes the entrepreneurial spirit that was the backbone of China's economic miracle.

Is China's real estate debt structure, essentially one gigantic Ponzi scheme?

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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From Gutenberg to Frankenstein to the Luddites to Edison to Ford and to AI - this is our story of fearing human creations, and also our story of embracing the next and newest technology.

As my podcast guest, Dr. Thomas Doherty explained, this recent strike is similar to the 1960 strike, in that in the 1950s - the years leading up to the big 1960 strike, technology changed everything. Back then, that new technology was TV.

The technology that is threatening Hollywood jobs now is streaming and artificial intelligence.

Prof. Doherty explains how the situation in this strike is much more dire than the one back in 1960. In the past, the new TV technology threatened Hollywood jobs and incomes. With artificial intelligence, however, the studios not only could potentially supplant writers, but they also own the actors' likeness. What that means is that with AI you don't just lose your job, you lose yourself!

Hollywood History podcast: https://bit.ly/HbN-S3E29s.

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

Watch my guests & I ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠on YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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"An Organic Democracy"? "Spain is different. Come to Spain."

About my guest: Dr. Ponce is a Professor at the Dept. of Contemporary History at the University of Seville. His scholarship spans research in the History of Political and Administrative Institutions as well as the History of the State from the local perspective - such as cities and provincial councils in Spain. His research and analysis also focus on Political, Social and Economic History as well as the study of public authorities as creators of political cultures. He is the author of biographies of political figures in Seville, biographies that were awarded distinctions, by the Provincial Council of Seville and the international Juan Valera Award. He is the author of many books and book chapters, including his book Gibraltar and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39: Local, National and International PerspectivesTo learn more about Dr. Ponce, you can visit his homepage.

In this episode, Dr. Ponce talks about Spain's polarized politics. In a prior episode, which was recorded just after our midterm elections in 2022, Dr. David Schultz explained how America's politics and people became so polarized, and why that polarization will subside in a decade's time. Listen to Dr. Schultz here: https://bit.ly/HbN-S2E39s

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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“Is Haiti a Failed State?” I asked Dr. Robert Fatton. In the News: Haiti Gangs Destroying Civil Society!

Our guest, Dr. Fatton, laments the near-total collapse of society in his homeland. In this episode, we uncover the history behind the following:

Dr. Fatton is the Julia A. Cooper Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs in the Department of Politics at the University of Virginia. He is also a former

Dr. Fatton is the author of the following books, some of which we discuss in this episode and also back in 2021 (see below): 

On Haiti: Haiti’s Predatory Republic: The Unending Transition to Democracy (2002); The Roots of Haitian Despotism (2007); and Haiti: Trapped in the Outer Periphery (2014); The Guise of Exceptionalism: Unmasking the National Narratives of Haiti and the United States (2021).  

On Africa: Black Consciousness in South Africa (1986); The Making of a Liberal Democracy: Senegal’s Passive Revolution, 1975-1985 (1987); Predatory Rule: State and Civil Society in Africa (1992). 

Others: Dr. Fatton is also co-editor with R. K. Ramazani of The Future of Liberal Democracy: Thomas Jefferson and the Contemporary World (2004); and Religion, State, and Society (2009). 

After the 2021 earthquake, I spoke to Dr. Mark Schuller about the role of NGOs in Haiti. While celebrity visitors to Haiti, such as Bill Clinton, George Clooney, and Sean Penn, brought much attention and millions of dollars to that country, how NGOs changed Haiti's society, culture and economy is complicated. Let's just put it this way: not all good intentions end well! You can listen to my conversation with Dr. Schuller here: https://bit.ly/HbN-S1E32s.

I hope you enjoy these episodes.

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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Sweden's spectacular victories against Russia were later reversed by crushing losses to Russia that ended Sweden's Empire.

Sweden is joining NATO. But why now? Why after more than two centuries of peace - a record longer than any other country! My guest in this episode, Dr. Ulf Zander who joined our conversation from Sweden, answers this question and much more.

He explained the history of Sweden from the age of the Vikings. And no, not all Vikings are the same. Those from Sweden ventured east, and they may have given Russia its name. But the legacy of Vikings endured - traders or fearsome warriors? The answer mattered in 20th-century geopolitics.

Dr. Zander describes how Sweden became a nation and how it rose to the status of an empire, despite its much smaller population than its neighbors. Here our conversation takes a turn as we talk about the fall of the Swedish empire and the rise of the Russian empire. We talk about Charles XII, a king who Voltaire portrayed as a tragic hero, and whose legacy in the 20th century was used to goad Sweden into war against Russia in WWI and WWII.

We also talk about Sweden's massive emigration to the United States. How massive? More than 1 million. To put this in perspective, the population of Sweden now is little more than 10 million! But the story doesn't end there. Immigration into Sweden has also been massive. How massive? More than 15% of Sweden's population is foreign-born. That percentage is even higher than the U.S. and the U.K. Dr. Zander explains the challenges of Sweden's large immigration communities, including gang violence, particularly those that haven't assimilated.

A Professor of History at the Department of History, in Lund University in Sweden, Professor Zander's main interest is how history is communicated and used. He has published on the debates and uses of Swedish history from the late 19th century to the early 21st century as well as on monuments, film, history, and identity and uses of history in the United States. He is currently working on several research projects. The one that we discuss in this episode is that he is writing a book together with historian and film historian Tommy Gustafsson about the Swedish warrior king Charles XII in Swedish cinema. To learn more about Prof. Zander and his publications and other projects, you can visit his academic homepage.

"Never Again Alone"! After the 1939 Winter War with the USSR, Finland vowed never again to defend itself alone. Its bid to join NATO in 2022 was a consequence of its experience in 1939, an experience which resonated with Russia's attack on Ukraine. In a 2022 conversation, Dr. Jason Lavery, who joined me from Finland, described Finland's history of war and peace with Russia. Listen to it here: https://bit.ly/HbN-S2E22s

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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History of Wars & Nation-building. Sovereign debt history of empires, city-states, early republics & parliaments, and democracies.

But does this Fitch Rating's downgrade really matter?

Just last week, Greg Ip, the Chief Economics Commentator at The Wall Street Journal, a senior financial reporter whom I've followed and read for many years, asked the same question. And then, answered it. Yes, it does matter. The risk has to do with rising deficits and interest rates. (WSJ 8/9/2023).

The Congressional Budget Office estimates that we'll continue to run a federal budget deficit, which it projects will reach 11.1% in the next 30 years. (WSJ, 7/27/23). The CBO also estimates that by 2029, the federal government will spend more on paying interest on our national debt than it will spend on our national defense. (NYTimes, 7/5/2023).

So, is public debt a bad thing, something to entirely get rid of? Not exactly!

To better understand public debt, its history and its useful implementations, I read Dr. Barry Eichengreen's book, In Defense of Public Debt, and invited him to our program. In this conversation, Dr. Eichengreen tells us when government borrowing started and for what purpose. Hint: the prime purpose of government borrowing in the past was war!

Most of this discussion with Dr. Eichengreen, as you will note, takes place in the historical context of European countries. This is because Europeans borrowed more frequently than countries in Asia and Africa. Naturally, my follow-up question is why. The answer, once again, has to do with war!

In this episode, we also talk about the role of central banks. Here, things get complicated. Dr. Eichengreen also answers this question: do democracies demand more debt? He also tells us how a democracy, such as ours, can run a surplus and eventually solve its public debt problem.

To learn more about Dr. Eichengreen (UC Berkeley Economics), you can visit his academic homepage.

Listen to Dr. Eichengreen's episode about the U.S. dollar & cryptocurrency.

Prior episode with Dr. John Cogan (Stanford University and the Hoover Institution), regarding the history of America's entitlement programs: https://bit.ly/HbN-S2E10

Adel

Host of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠History Behind News⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ podcast

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