The First World War put an end to 600 years of Ottoman rule. Buoyed by promises of self-determination on the part of the victorious powers, the region’s peoples prepared for a future free of imperial rule. They were to be bitterly disappointed. European rhetoric about self-rule had never been sincerely intended to apply to non-Europeans — which was made brutally clear by Britain and France as they divided the post-Ottoman Middle East between themselves in the infamous Sykes-Picot agreement. “It was a secret deal to carve up the Levantine part of the Ottoman Empire between France and Britain,” explains historian James Barr, author of “A Line in the Sand and Lords of the Desert.” “There was a diagonal line drawn, in Sykes’ infamous words, from the ‘E’ in Acre to the last ‘K’ in Kirkuk.” In this follow-up to our episode with Eugene Rogan on the Ottoman collapse, Barr joins New Lines Magazine's Faisal Al Yafai to talk about how European colonial powers attempted to take their place, why the region seems to be so attractive to foreign imperial powers and why their efforts to control it are almost always doomed. Produced by Joshua Martin