In Focus by The Hindu

In a paper in 1992, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt explained how economic growth is propelled by a cycle of innovation, in which outdated technologies and firms are replaced by newer technology. This cycle of “creative destruction” leads to sustained economic growth, as new technologies and firms outcompete and replace the old, driving productivity and efficiency. 

Joel Mokyr’s historical analysis shows that technological progress is not merely a result of scientific discovery, but also depends on the cultural and institutional contexts that support the dissemination and application of knowledge. 

Together, their work underscores the importance of innovation in driving economic prosperity and the need for supportive institutions and policies to sustain this growth.

So, what can we understand from these works, given that are entering a new era of technological innovation?

Guest: Partha Chatterjee, Dean of Academics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences. Professor, Department of Economics, Shiv Nadar University. 

Host: Nivedita V

Edited by Jude Francis Weston

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They travel with boards in their backpacks and cameras in their faces. Praggnanandhaa, Gukesh, Vaishali, Divya now play before millions online. For parents, the dream is intoxicating: can my child be next? But the path is heavy: endless hours and lonely tournaments. Few know this better than R.B. Ramesh, who has walked it himself and guided India’s brightest through it.

In this weekender episode, he strips away the glamour and tells us what the game really demands of children and of their families.

Guest: RB Ramesh, Indian chess grandmaster and renowned chess coach

Host: Anupama Chandrasekaran

Edited and Produced by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian

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India’s World Cup has been a mix. Some matches went well. Others, not so much. The regular batters haven’t quite clicked. The bowling still lacks variety. Five reliable options weren’t enough to trouble South Africa or Australia. With tough games against England, New Zealand and Bangladesh coming up, India will need a new strategy.This World Cup has also been about inter-team relationships. Harmanpreet Kaur and Alyssa Healy fight hard on the field. But off it, there’s banter and respect. A two-year-old clip shows Ellyse Perry, Australia’s pace-bowling allrounder, talking with Pakistan’s 23-year-old captain Fatima Sana. She’s learning control. You see curiosity and the game passing from one player to another.Sri Lanka’s Chamari Athapaththu leads by example. She pushes her team to believe in themselves. Fans cheer her because she earns it, not because she shouts or poses.From the stands, The Hindu’s Anirudh Velamuri sees it all—the tension, the laughs and moments like when Nadine de Klerk, South Africa’s captain, gesticulates and talks to herself. Now, the question is whether India can find the spark to turn the tables on an unbeaten England in the upcoming match?

Guest: Anirudh Velamuri

Host: Anupama Chandrasekaran

Edited and produced by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian

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India has big plans — and even bigger dreams — to host the 2036 Olympics. But before that, the country will look to prove its ability to do so, by hosting the 2030 Commonwealth Games.

India has bid for Ahmedabad as the host city for the Games — with Nigeria being the only other contender. This comes 15 years after the 2010 Delhi Games, the largest multi-sport event India has ever hosted. On October 15, Commonwealth Sport endorsed India’s bid, making it all but certain that the CWG will be held in Ahmedabad.

But India’s lofty ambitions raise plenty of questions. Do mega sporting events really benefit India, or do they simply strain public resources? And can we pull it off this time — without the scandals, overruns, and chaos that marred Delhi 2010?

Guest: Sharda Ugra, veteran sports journalist

Host: Reuben Joe Joseph

Produced and edited by Jude Francis Weston

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It is election season in Bihar. While the Opposition often speaks about the lack of development and industrialisation in the State, in its campaigns, the National Democratic Alliance, which is in power, argues that a change of government will bring back the ‘Jungle Raj’ of the earlier decade.

What makes Bihar one of India’s most underdeveloped States? Is landlockedness a reason for its underdevelopment, as some argue? Here we discuss the question.

Guests: R. Nagaraj, Economist and retired professor from the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai; Manindra Nath Thakur, Professor , Centre for Political Studies, JNU, Delhi

Edited and produced by Jude Weston

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A few weeks ago, U.S. president Donald Trump made a startling announcement: he said using the common painkiller paracetamol, or acetaminophen, known as Tylenol in the U.S. during pregnancy, could cause autism in the baby. This announcement came after earlier this year, the U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a known vaccine sceptic, announced a massive testing and research effort to identify the “environmental toxins” that he said were behind the growing “epidemic” of autism in the U.S.

It is true that more cases of autism are being reported now than in previous decades, and this is the case in several countries including India.

But is autism actually caused by Paracetamol use? Why are cases on the rise? And how much do we actually know about genetic and environmental factors that contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders?

Guest: Dr. Ennapadam S. Krishnamoorthy, neuropsychiatrist and founder, Buddhi Clinic, Chennai.

Host: Zubeda Hamid

Edited by Jude Francis Weston

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In a significant diplomatic development, a Taliban delegation led by Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister recently visited New Delhi for official talks, the first such high-level engagement since the group took power in Kabul in 2021.

Following the talks, India announced plans to reopen its full-fledged embassy in Kabul and expand cooperation in health, infrastructure, and education.

But the visit also drew criticism after female journalists were reportedly barred from attending the Taliban minister’s press briefing, a reminder of the regime’s continuing restrictions on women and the media, and a point of discomfort for India’s democratic image.

This renewed engagement comes as Taliban–Pakistan relations deteriorate, creating new strategic openings that India appears ready to explore. Yet, New Delhi’s outreach raises difficult questions: what has prompted this shift now? Can India balance pragmatic diplomacy with the values it has historically stood for? And can it deepen ties with the Taliban without extending formal recognition?

Guest: Kallol Bhattacharjee, Foreign affairs reporter, The Hindu.

Host: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian

Edited and produced by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian

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The Supreme Court is set to take up a plea challenging the constitutional validity of the Securities Transaction Tax (STT). This is a direct tax levied on all transactions that happen through a stock exchange.

The STT was brought in under the Finance Act, 2004. It has since become a significant source of revenue for the government, netting an estimated ₹55,000 crore in FY 2025.

But this petition argues that the STT is deeply flawed, and violates constitutional guarantees of equality, freedom of trade and proportionality.

How valid are these arguments? Should the STT be scrapped, or retained with modifications?

Guest: Deepak Joshi, advocate-on-record at the Supreme Court, and a Chartered Accountant.

Recorded, produced, and edited by Jude Francis Weston

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Another upgrade, another round of applause. OpenAI’s GPT-5 has arrived—sleeker, quicker and kind of the talk of the town. But peel back the glitz and questions pile up.

In this episode, we will know who builds these systems, and at what cost? Who reaps the rewards? And what happens when a few voices decide how billions will live, work and learn?

Guest: Payal Arora, Professor of Inclusive AI Cultures, Utrecht University; author of From Pessimism to Promise

Host: Anupama Chandrasekaran

Produced and edited by Jude Francis Weston

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She has been tear-gassed, threatened, and banned from office — yet María Corina Machado never stopped speaking for a silenced nation.

Now, at 58, Venezuela’s most determined dissident has been named the country’s first Nobel Peace Prize winner — and only the 20th woman to ever receive it.

An engineer turned opposition leader, she has spent years standing up to Nicolás Maduro’s regime in Venezuela, a government that jails critics and silences dissent.

Now in hiding, Machado continues to speak out — urging even soldiers to trade loyalty to power for loyalty to the people. Her surprise and humility in accepting the award stood in sharp contrast to nominee Donald Trump, who chest thumped and demanded it.

Amid bloody wars in Gaza, Ukraine and Sudan, peace seems unattainable. But perhaps that’s why this award matters — because someone, somewhere, must still believe. The question is, do we?

Guest: Harsh Mander, human-rights activist and founder of Karwan-e-Mohabbat
Host: Anupama Chandrasekaran

Edited and produced by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian

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