Updated 4/2023. Part 4 - But Doctor, It’s Not Psychosomatic!

Amy and Brittany talk about:

—‘medically unexplained symptoms’

—mental health referrals and stereotypes around being distressed about symptoms

—results from a 2018 review which looked into how gender bias and gender norms have affected medical treatment

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode50

🔗Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed, and Sick by Maya Dusenbery

🔗Anke Samulowitz, Ida Gremyr, Erik Eriksson, Gunnel Hensing, ““Brave Men” and “Emotional Women”: A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain”, Pain Research and Management, vol. 2018, Article ID 6358624, 14 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6358624

🔗Bias In Medicine: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO) – Youtube video

🔗Bransfield RC, Friedman KJ. Differentiating Psychosomatic, Somatopsychic, Multisystem Illnesses, and Medical Uncertainty. Healthcare (Basel). 2019;7(4):114. Published 2019 Oct 8. doi:10.3390/healthcare7040114

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

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Website: www.insixteenyears.com

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⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 2/2023. Amy and Brittany discuss one of Amy's worst flares in public. We talk about:

—how Amy was mortified by what had happened

—how her lack of self-compassion worsened an already traumatic and unbearable situation

—why self-compassion is important and how to practice it

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 4/2023. Part 3 - Why Is Pain Dismissed in Women and People Assigned Female at Birth?

Amy and Brittany talk about:

—assumptions and stereotypes specifically related to women, people AFAB, and illness

—a brief overview of the history of hysteria and some ways illness in which women were viewed culturally in the past 150 years

—a 2018 theory-guided literature review which looked into how gender bias and gender norms have affected medical treatment

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode48

🔗Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed, and Sick Book by Maya Dusenbery

🔗Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology Book by Deirdre Cooper Owens

🔗For Her Own Good: Two Centuries of the Experts Advice to Women Book by Barbara Ehrenreich

🔗The Makings of a Modern Epidemic: Endometriosis, Gender and Politics Book by Kate Seear

🔗Lecture Notes: Freud, “Aetiology of Hysteria” (1896) – Lecture notes from University of Washington Professor Richard T. Gray (Winter Quarter, 2016)

🔗Briggs, Laura. “The Race of Hysteria: ‘Overcivilization’ and the ‘Savage’ Woman in Late Nineteenth-Century Obstetrics and Gynecology.” American Quarterly, vol. 52, no. 2, 2000, pp. 246–273. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/30041838. Accessed 14 Oct. 2020.

🔗Anke Samulowitz, Ida Gremyr, Erik Eriksson, Gunnel Hensing, ““Brave Men” and “Emotional Women”: A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain”, Pain Research and Management, vol. 2018, Article ID 6358624, 14 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6358624

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 2/2023. Amy and Brittany talk about the rASRM staging system, which classifies endometriosis into stage 1-4. We discuss:

—how this staging system has many limitations

—two other classification systems: the EFI and the Enzian system

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode47

🔗The Stages of Endometriosis explained by Dr. Cook – Video

🔗Extrapelvic Not Rare – by Wendy Bingham

🔗Stages of Endometriosis – Article on endometriosis.net.

🔗The rASRM score and the Enzian classification for endometriosis: their strengths and weaknesses. Dietmar Haas, Omar Shebl, Andreas Shamiyeh, Peter Oppelt. First published: 13 October 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12026.

🔗How to improve the current ASRM classification of endometriosis? 

🔗MR Imaging in Deep Pelvic Endometriosis: A Pictorial Essay – Antônio Coutinho, Jr, Leonardo Kayat Bittencourt , Cíntia E. Pires, Flávia Junqueira, Cláudio Márcio Amaral de Oliveira Lima, Elisa Coutinho, Marisa A. Domingues, Romeu C. Domingues, Edson Marchiori. Published Online:Mar 7 2011. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.312105144

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 4/2023. Part 2 - Why Science Knows Less About the Bodies of Women and People Assigned Female at Birth.

Amy and Brittany talk about:

—why less is known about disease presentations and side effects for medications for women and people AFAB

—some of the federal regulations in the US that led to this

—some ridiculous examples of studies that failed to include people AFAB in their research

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode46

🔗Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed, and Sick by Maya Dusenbery.

🔗Regulations, Guidance, and Reports related to Women’s Health – FDA landing page which has a timeline and links to the different reports we mentioned.

🔗Women’s Health Research: Progress, Pitfalls, and Promise (2010) – Report from the Committee on Women’s Health Research and Institute of Medicine.

🔗Gender Disparity in the Funding of Diseases by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Arthur A. Mirin. Journal of Women’s Health. Jul 2021.956-963. http://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8682

🔗The breast/uterine cancer study with no women invited 

🔗How Long Does Lupron or Its Metabolites Circulate? No One Really Knows – Article by Lynn Millican on the website Hormones Matter. 

🔗How the FDA let women down – Article on Drugwatch.

🔗2015 – 2016 Global Participation in Clinical Trials Report – This link will download the PDF report from the FDA.

🔗Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Clinical Trials – FDA landing page which has links and resources.

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Today, Amy speaks with Teniola Ongunro about racial bias:

—how it can be one of the most detrimental and undercutting barriers for BIPOC in getting proper diagnosis and treatment

—how doctors may have implicit and explicit biases

—some ways it can affect healthcare and what we can do about it

🎤WHO IS TENIOLA ONGUNRO?🎤

Teniola Ongunro is an endo warrior born in Nigeria who hosts the podcast ‘Not Defined By Endo’

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode45

🔗Just Medicine: A Cure for Racial Inequality in American Health Care Book by Dayna Matthews

🔗So You Want to Talk About Race Book by Ijeoma Oluo

🔗How We Fail Black Patients in Pain

🔗Research explores racial bias in medical care across nations

🔗Racism, Inequality, and Health Care for African Americans

🔗Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy-Related Deaths — United States, 2007–2016

🔗US Department of Health and Human Services. Profile: Black/African American

🔗Racial Bias Found in a Major Health Care Risk Algorithm

🔗FitzGerald, C., Hurst, S. Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. BMC Med Ethics 18, 19 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-017-0179-8

🔗Myths and Misconceptions Perpetuating Racism in Endometriosis, Infertility, and Pelvic Pain. – several African American advocates share their experiences on navigating endo

☀️CONNECT WITH TENI☀️

Instagram @notdefinedbyendo

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 4/2023. Part 1 - It's Not in Your Head.

Amy and Brittany talk about:

—how the sex and gender bias may negatively affect us

—how it may be partially responsible for the long delay in diagnosis for endo patients

—how we can face multiple biases depending on the identities we may hold

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode44

🔗Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed, and Sick by Maya Dusenbery

🔗Pain and Prejudice by Gabrielle Jackson

🔗BLEED: Destroying Myths and Misogyny in Endometriosis by Tracy Lindeman

🔗Why medicine often has dangerous side effects for women – Ted Talk by Alyson McGregor.

🔗Gender Bias in Medical Research: How It Operates and Why It Matters – General overview.

🔗Regulations, Guidance, and Reports related to Women’s Health – On the FDA website, it has important developments in US health regulations of women and people AFAB

🔗Sex matters: Drugs can affect sexes differently – CBS 60 minutes news report.

🔗How we fail black patients in pain – Article from the Association of American Medical Colleges.

🔗Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites – “Racial bias in pain assessment.” Kelly M. Hoffman, Sophie Trawalter, Jordan R. Axt, M. Norman Oliver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Apr 2016, 113 (16) 4296-4301; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516047113

🔗10 Stats You Need to Know About LGBT Healthcare

🔗Sabin JA, Riskind RG, Nosek BA. Health Care Providers’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(9):1831-1841. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302631

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 2/2023. Amy and Brittany talk about:

—how endometriosis is NOT the endometrium

—an alternate definition of endo as suggested by researchers

—fun new names for endo

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode43

🔗P Vigano, M Candiani, A Monno, E Giacomini, P Vercellini, E Somigliana, Time to redefine endometriosis including its pro-fibrotic nature, Human Reproduction, Volume 33, Issue 3, March 2018, Pages 347–352, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex354

🔗David Redwine, MD – Origin of Endometriosis: Cartoon Science vs Evidence-based Medicine

🔗Is endometriosis an autotransplant? – Article on Endopaedia.info with differences between endometriosis and the endometrium.

🔗Diagnostic value of hemosiderin laden macrophages in histologically proven endometriosis – M.A. Bedaiwy, S. Gupta, J. Noriega, J. Brainard, A. Agarwal, T. Falcone. September 01, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1133

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 4/2023. Amy and Brittany talk about:

—chemical and mechanical digestion, fermented foods, and supplements

—how intermittent fasting and filtering our water has helped us personally with digestive problems

—how Amy improved her digestive and gut health 3 different times: from chronic diarrhea, gastritis, and gut dysbiosis/pathogenic infection

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode42

🔗SIBO

🔗Gut health

🔗Intermittent Fasting for Women: What We Know Now

🔗Water filters

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/

Updated 4/2023. Amy and Brittany talk about:

—the gut microbiome

—probiotics, prebiotics

—stool samples

—general tips for having good gut and digestive health

🔗RESOURCES🔗

For clickable links to the resources below, go to www.insixteenyears.com/episode41

🔗SIBO

🔗Gut health

🔗The ultimate quick-start guide to the gut microbiome - by Lucy Mailing PhD

🔗Practical Steps for Healing the Gut – with Michael Ruscio

🔗A comprehensive guide to stool and microbiome testing - by Lucy Mailing PhD

🔗Probiotics - by Lucy Mailing PhD

🔗McFarland LV, Evans CT, Goldstein EJC. Strain-Specificity and Disease-Specificity of Probiotic Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 May 7;5:124. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00124. PMID: 29868585; PMCID: PMC5949321.

☀️CONNECT WITH AMY☀️

Instagram @in16yearsofendo

Website: www.insixteenyears.com

Like my show? Please rate it or leave a review!

Support me by buying me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/insixteenyears

⚠️DISCLAIMER⚠️

The information on my platforms is educational information only and not medical advice. Always check with your qualified medical professional before making any changes to your treatment plan. Keep in mind that while I strive to share evidenced-based information, this doesn’t always mean that my information is accurate or complete. Read my full disclaimer here: https://insixteenyears.com/disclaimer/