Queen Elizabeth II’s record-breaking long reign was exceptional in many
ways - not least because England has been ruled by men for most of the
last thousand years. Until recently, the crown was passed to the
monarch’s eldest son and daughters were married off to royals in other
countries.
But in most other social mammals, females commonly
remain and breed in their birth groups, inheriting the status and
territory of their mothers while sons leave to find unrelated partners
elsewhere.
Social relationships between resident females vary but are
often supportive. For example in African elephants, females assemble in
family groups and older females are usually dominant over younger ones.