When Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-agression pact in late August 1939, it sent shockwaves throughout the entire world, but seemed especially ominous for the Jews of Europe. Now that these sworn enemies were friends, war seemed inevitable, and what lay in store for the future of Polish Jewry? When war did indeed break out several days later, western Poland ultimately fell under Nazi occupation, while the Soviets occupied Poland’s east. Polish Jewry was in a hopeless situation, where the Soviet Union was often viewed as the lesser of two evils. Soviet persecution led to the deportation of many to Siberia, which in a cruel irony proved to be a salvation as they were spared the Nazi Final Solution. The Molotov Von Ribbentrop pact had significant ramifications not only on world history and World War II, but also on Jewish history and the Holocaust. 

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When Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-agression pact in late August 1939, it sent shockwaves throughout the entire world, but seemed especially ominous for the Jews of Europe. Now that these sworn enemies were friends, war seemed inevitable, and what lay in store for the future of Polish Jewry? When war did indeed break out several days later, western Poland ultimately fell under Nazi occupation, while the Soviets occupied Poland’s east. Polish Jewry was in a hopeless situation, where the Soviet Union was often viewed as the lesser of two evils. Soviet persecution led to the deportation of many to Siberia, which in a cruel irony proved to be a salvation as they were spared the Nazi Final Solution. The Molotov Von Ribbentrop pact had significant ramifications not only on world history and World War II, but also on Jewish history and the Holocaust. 

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A large chassidic community across central Poland prior to its decimation during the Holocaust, Radoshytz was founded by Rav Yissachar Dov Ber Baron (1765-1843). Known as the Saba Kadisha of Radoshytz, he gained renown throughout the region as a holy miracle worker. The Radoshytz dynasty continued through his offspring, and was an influential chassidic dynasty until the war. All of the Radoshytz Rebbes and almost the entire community was wiped out during the Holocaust, but the Radoshytz legacy is a compelling historical narrative until this very day. 

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Born in Frankfurt to a prominent religious family, Jacob Schiff (1847-1920) was raised in the milieu of Rav Samson Raphael Hirsch’s Frankfurt, before migrating to the United States in 1865. Rising rapidly in the investment banking world of Wall Street during the post Civil War economic boom, Schiff emerged as both an exemplary philanthropist, distributing his vast wealth to myriad Jewish causes in America and worldwide, as well as cementing himself as the undisputed leader of American Jewry. Particularly close to his heart was the plight of Russian Jewry under the brutal Czarist regime, and he lobbied for unrestricted immigration to the United States, assisting Jewish immigrants once they arrived. He also financed Japan in the Russo-Japanese War, which led to Japan defeating the Russian Navy. Jacob Schiff’s legacy in philanthropy and leadership is largely unmatched in the annals of American Jewish history. 

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Four generations of the Sofer/Kornitzer family served as venerable rabbis of the historic and prestigious Krakow community during the 19th & 20th centuries. The Chasam Sofer’s son Rav Shimon Sofer was later followed by his son in law and nephew Rav Akiva Kornitzer. Decades later, in 1925, Rav Yosef Nechemiah Kornitzer (1880-1933) accepted the invitation of the Krakow Jewish community to succeed the vacant position of his father and grandfather before him. Rav Yosef Nechemiah’s illustrious career and capable leadership left a lasting imprint on Krakow and the wider Torah world. He in turn was succeeded by his son Rav Shmuel Shmelka Kornitzer who was killed in the Holocaust. Beyond the rabbinical dynasty itself, this succession provides insight into the complex workings of the rabbinate in a major urban center during the age of modernity and urbanization. 

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A large chassidic community across central Poland prior to its decimation during the Holocaust, Radoshytz was founded by Rav Yissachar Dov Ber Baron (1765-1843). Known as the Saba Kadisha of Radoshytz, he gained renown throughout the region as a holy miracle worker. The Radoshytz dynasty continued through his offspring, and was an influential chassidic dynasty until the war. All of the Radoshytz Rebbes and almost the entire community was wiped out during the Holocaust, but the Radoshytz legacy is a compelling historical narrative until this very day. 

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For sponsorship opportunities about your favorite topics of Jewish history or feedback contact Yehuda at: [email protected]

Born in Frankfurt to a prominent religious family, Jacob Schiff (1847-1920) was raised in the milieu of Rav Samson Raphael Hirsch’s Frankfurt, before migrating to the United States in 1865. Rising rapidly in the investment banking world of Wall Street during the post Civil War economic boom, Schiff emerged as both an exemplary philanthropist, distributing his vast wealth to myriad Jewish causes in America and worldwide, as well as cementing himself as the undisputed leader of American Jewry. Particularly close to his heart was the plight of Russian Jewry under the brutal Czarist regime, and he lobbied for unrestricted immigration to the United States, assisting Jewish immigrants once they arrived. He also financed Japan in the Russo-Japanese War, which led to Japan defeating the Russian Navy. Jacob Schiff’s legacy in philanthropy and leadership is largely unmatched in the annals of American Jewish history. 

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Sephardic Jews first arrived during the age of exploration, but the community didn’t really flourish until the arrival of European Jews in the 19th century. Eastern European Jews arrived in great numbers towards the end of the 19th century, making Argentina one of the greatest destinations of Jewish immigration. Some immigrants settled in agricultural colonies established by Baron Maurice de Hirsch, becoming Jewish gauchos. Despite rising antisemitism in the postwar era, and experiencing negative migration, the Argentinian Jewish community continued to flourish through the 20th century. 

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In honor of the 90th yahrtzeit of the great Mir Mashgiach Rav Yerucham Levovitz, Jewish History Soundbites is proud to present a collection of recordings, both old & new, discussing Rav Yerucham's life & legacy.

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Between 1948-1967, the city of Yerushalayim was divided between Israel and Jordan. The only border crossing between the two parts of the city was at Mandelbaum Gate on the outskirts of Meah Shearim. What was the nature of this border crossing? Why was it located there? Who is the Mandelbaum that it was named for? What did the Mandelbaum family contribute to the history of Yerushalayim?

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