q. / ai au au /

wind wound wound 蜿蜒

find found found 尋找

r. / ae 小啊 小啊 /

hang hung hung 懸掛 ＊Hang your Armani suit now.

s. / ai e en /

lie lay lain 躺下; 放置 ＊ Ireland lies to the west of England.

＊ Taiwan Island lies to the Southeast of Mainland China.

＊ Isaac Newton lay the foundation of science.

＊ The foundation of science was lain by Isaac Newton.

＊ The dog is lying in the middle of the road.

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

a winding road 蜿蜒小路

wind (n.) 風

wound (n.) 傷口 / - u- /

hang hanged hanged 吊死 ＊ The criminal was finally hanged.

lie lied lied 說謊

lie lay lain 躺下; 放置

lay laid laid 孵蛋; 把頭故意放低 ＊Butch and Sundance lay their heads low. 很低調

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k. / e o oen /

break broke broken 打破

l. / i o oen /

speak spoke spoken 開口說

m. / i ae a /

drink drank drunk 喝

ring rang rung 按鈴

sing sang sung 唱歌

sink sank sunk 沈沒

n. / i e ien /

eat ate eaten 吃

o. / a ae a /

run ran run 跑步

p. / i 小啊 小啊 /

dig dug dug 挖掘

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

dance danced danced 舞蹈

graze grazed grazed 牛羊吃草

overlook overlooked overlooked 眺望

step stepped stepped 走一步

vomit vomited vomited 嘔吐

type typed typed 打字

英文的 “-ed" 怎喔唸？

1.（字尾字母）有聲唸 d

2.無聲唸 t

3.碰到 d t, 就唸 / id/

end ended ended / -did /

start started started / -tid /

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f. / il ㄝlt ㄝlt /

kneel knelt knelt 跪下

feel felt felt 感受

g. / ai o ien /

drive drove driven 開車

write wrote written 寫字

rise rose risen 上升

arise arose arisen 起身

strike stroke stricken 打擊；震撼

h. / ai u oen /

fly flew flown 飛翔

blow blew blown 吹

i. / i ㄝ ㄝ /

flee fled fled 逃走

j. / i ㄛ ien /

see saw seen 看見

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

flood flooded flooded 氾濫

flow flowed flowed 水流動

brew brewed brewed 釀酒

move moved moved 行動

removed removed removed 移動

see vs. watch vs. look

watch 有距離的觀賞 (watched watched)

watch the firework show at the 大稻埕

I watch TV.

look 沒有距離的欣賞; 端詳著把玩 (looked looked)

I looked at the emerald bracelet.

I looked at the purple sand teapot.

Look! It is raining.

see saw seen 有看見 (不是主動查看; 該物體主動進入視線當中)

I went to see a movie.

hear vs. listen

hear (不求, 主動進耳朵裡）hear heard heard

listen (專注聆聽）listen listened listened

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e. / i ㄝpt ㄝpt /

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 掃地

sleep slept slept 睡覺

weep wept wept 哭泣

leave left left 離開

cleave cleft cleft 劈開

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兩大句型鋼骨結構：

1.S be A.

姚明 is very tall. (Is 姚明 very tall? / 姚明 isn't very tall.)

Amperex Technology Corp. is the most rich company in China now. (Is Amperex the most rich? / Amperex isn't the most rich.)

2.S V O.

The dog sniffed. (Did the dog sniff? / The dog didn't sniff.)

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連綴動詞 (Linking Verbs) 就是 普通動詞裡頭 唯一 七個 可以等同 be 動詞的使用模式：

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b. / d t t /

spend spent spent (人) 花多少錢 / 時間 （ (in 動作 / on N ) ＋Ｖing )

build built built 建築

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I spent NT$130 depositing 神來也 mobile game. (spend spent spent)

神來也 mobile game cost me NT$130 to deposit. (cost cost cost) ＊應屬於昨天 104 集

It took me NT$130 to deposit the 神來也 mobile game. (take took taken)

take took taken 拿取…

mistake mistook mistaken 錯以為…

stand stood stood

understand understood understood

misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood

come came come

overcome overcame overcome

go went gone

make made made

c. / ai o ien /

rise rose risen 上昇; 漲潮 ＊The sun rises.

fall fell fallen 退潮; 掉落

fell felled felled 砍樹

feel felt felt 感受; 感覺

arise arose arisen (人) 起身 ＊When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils all arose.

rouse roused roused 感召; 觸發 (規則）＊ I am roused by the good deeds of the senile old pair.

arouse aroused aroused 感召; 觸發 (規則）

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a. AAA

cut cut cut 剪開

cast cast cast 投擲; 鑄模

put put put 放置

set set set 設定

shut shut shut 關閉

hurt hurt hurt 傷害

etc.

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shoot shot shot 射擊 ( /u a a/ 型 ）

run ran run 跑步 （ＡＢＡ）

see saw seen 看 （ＡＢＣ） ＊seesaw 蹺蹺板

jump jumped jumped 跳耀 (規則變化）

search searched searched (規則變化）

peel peeled peeled 剝香蕉皮 (規則變化）

stand stood stood 站立 （ / ae u u / 型 ）

grow grew grown 種植 （/o u oen/ 型 ）

drive drove driven 駕駛 （ / ai o ien / 型 ）

write wrote written 寫字 （ditto)

walk walked walked 走路 (規則）

work worked worked 工作（規則）

burn burned/burnt burned/burnt 焚燒 （規則）

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17.假設語氣的倒裝式

a. If I were Elon Musk, I would lay more low. (….., 我會更低調些.)

= Were I Elon Musk, …

b. If I had had money 44 years ago, I would have gone to U.S.

= Had I had money 44 years ago, …

*If I had had "had had" in the sentence, I would have deleted it already.

= Had I had "had had" in the sentence, I would have deleted it already.

(如果那時候那個句子我用了had had 兩字的話, 那個句子應該早就被我刪掉了.)

18.假設語氣的另外兩個較小的考型：

a. It is high time (that) you went to bed. 你早就應該上床了.

(這個 "high time" 句型, 視同 “I wish…", "…as if…" 句型, 立刻進入雪隧, 回到從前一步）

b. Don't break it to him lest he quit immediately. 別讓他知道了, 以免他馬上就走人了.

(這個 "lest s v o" 句型, 視同 “王必勝 suggests s v o" 句型, 是需要助動詞的主要子句那個句型, 而且 should 省略了, 所以答案只需要考慮主詞是主動做動作, 還是被動做這個動作. 主動的, 動詞用原形, 被動的, 答案一定是 be pp.)

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16.王必勝 suggests (that) everybody at Huang-nan Market (should) be given a quick test.

公式：權威人士 ＋ 強烈主張 ＋ that 之後的假設語氣 （“should 省略了")

”強烈主張“動詞群：suggest / insist / propose / ask / urge / request / recommend / etc.

a. S + [ suggest / insist / propose / etc. ] + that Clause

b. S + make a [suggestion / insistence / proposal / etc. ] + that Clause

c. It is [ important / necessary / essential / vital / imperative / (highly) recommended / etc. ] + that Clause

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1.更正：

Are you (a) retard? 你是白痴嗎？ 應該是用 Verb Be 的現代式的疑問式, 並不是用假設語氣 were

2.動詞三態 (Verb Conjugation)

a. 規則型 (Regular conjugation) (三萬個動詞都屬於規則型）

love loved loved

hate hated hated

work worked worked

rain rained rained

b. 不規則型 (Irregular conjugation) (三萬個動詞裡 只有大約 300 個動詞需要分組背誦）

(a) A A A

(b) A B A

(c) A B B

(d) /e u en/

(e) /i e ien/

(f) etc.

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14.與未來事實不符的假設語氣 "were to" 的淵源：

英文的未來式的表示法 有三：

a. I "will" go to yours. 我會去你家.

b. I "am going to" take a bath. 我要洗個澡.

c. This "is to" go. 這個是要外帶的.

假設語氣的第一大句型的第三式 “針對未來的假設語氣” 中的 “絕不可能”的假設 的原理, 就是源自未來是的第三種寫法 "be to V". 做假設時, 所有的動詞都要回到從前一步, 因此連 "be to" 都需要寫成 “were to" 了.

15.假設語氣的動詞變化由誰決定時間點？

由整個句子的“主要子句”的主要動詞的時間點來決定.

I wish I were Elon Musk. (O)

I wished I had been Elon Musk. (O)

She speaks as if she were 周子瑜. (O)

He talked as though he had been Elon Musk. (O)

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