Knowledge at Wharton

There’s a new marketing catchphrase that’s getting rave word-of-mouth reviews. From articles in the popular press to conversations in the classroom huge companies to boutique marketing firms suddenly it seems you can’t talk about new products without addressing ’buzz marketing.’ ”People are buzzing about buzzing ” says Wharton marketing professor Barbara Kahn who adds along with others that word-of-mouth marketing has long been recognized as a way to influence consumer behavior. What’s new about buzz marketing is the structure and hype surrounding it and the attempts to measure its effectiveness on sales.

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Marketers are happy speaking their own language replete with jargon like ”awareness ” ”share of requirements” and ”customer satisfaction.” Such terminology works fine in the marketing department and with the advertising professionals who execute marketing plans. But there’s a translation problem between that language and the language of profitability and stock price which is the mother tongue of corporate CEOs. ”CEOs want to know what a 5% increase in customer satisfaction will do for the bottom line ” says Wharton marketing professor David Reibstein who talked about ”Linking Marketing Metrics to Financial Consequences” at the Wharton Marketing Conference on October 15.

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Wharton management professor Michael Useem director of the school’s Center for Leadership and Change Management notes that one of the key mantras in corporate crisis management is: ”Hide nothing tell all.” Less than a week after Merck & Co.’s voluntary withdrawal of its blockbuster arthritis pain medication Vioxx following an extended clinical trial that linked the drug to heart attacks and strokes the jury is still out on whether the pharmaceutical giant followed this cardinal rule. Wharton professors debate Merck’s response to the crisis and the impact of the recall.

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Last week Microsoft unveiled the new version of its Windows Media Player firing the opening shots in a long-anticipated battle against Apple Computer for supremacy in the online music business. Both companies are targeting the fast-growing market whose sales are expected to be $270 million this year but could grow to $1.7 billion by 2009. Experts at Wharton and elsewhere say that for now Apple whose iTunes music service commands a 70% market share has an impressive lead. Over time however two strategic issues make Apple vulnerable to being dislodged by Microsoft or other rivals.

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Imagine that you have been assigned to a six-person team in your company and asked to complete a top-priority project on a very short deadline. Some of the people have never worked together before team members change every hour or so leadership constantly shifts between three different individuals and any mistake could have disastrous even fatal consequences for the project. Wharton management professor Katherine J. Klein spent 10 months studying such teams in action at the Shock Trauma Center in Baltimore Md. Her research presented in a new co-authored paper suggests a novel view of leadership different from that offered in traditional leadership models.

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Schools companies and nonprofit organizations around the country including educators at Wharton say helping children and teenagers learn the rudiments of free markets entrepreneurship credit spending saving and investing is one of the most important - and neglected - components of a young person’s education. Yet for kids from both affluent and poor neighborhoods it’s difficult to find financial literacy courses not just in their schools but outside the classroom as well. Several organizations are hoping to change that.

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From childhood on individuals are told that setting goals for themselves will make them more successful in whatever they set out to do – whether it’s win tennis games ace their exams or become CEO of their company. But goal-setting also has a dark side to it according to a recent research paper by a Wharton faculty member and two colleagues. In addition to motivating constructive behavior goal setting – especially when it involves rewards such as bonuses or perks – can also motivate unethical behavior when people fall short of the goals they set or that are set for them.

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Impossible thinking. It is what put men on the moon allowed Starbucks to turn a commodity product into a powerful global business and permitted Roger Bannister to run the four-minute mile. While not every “impossible thought” can become a reality very often the greatest obstacle to transforming our organizations society and personal lives is our own thinking. This may seem to be a simple idea in theory – that what we see and act upon is more a product of what is inside our heads than out in the world – but it has far-reaching implications for how we approach life and decision making. In their new book titled The Power of Impossible Thinking: Transform the Business of Your Life and the Life of Your Business Wharton marketing professor Jerry Wind and Colin Crook former chief technology officer at Citibank discuss the process – and promise – of “impossible thinking.”  

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Why do so many smokers keep smoking despite decades of health warnings? Why do Harley Davidson motorcycles and Ralph Lauren clothing engender such loyalty among very specific types of people? Why do teens and parents always seem to fight and never seem to hear what the other is saying? Wharton marketing professors Lisa Bolton and Americus Reed have found through their research that judgments linked to a person’s identity – from teenager to Republican environmentalist or businessman – are virtually immovable. That has crucial implications for brand identity.

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Pricing the intersection at which untold numbers of buyers and sellers meet every day lies at the core of any business. Yet it remains misunderstood and poorly managed according to The Price Advantage a new book by three consultants at McKinsey & Co. Even executives at successful companies may not fully appreciate how small changes in price can lead to large changes in profitability. Wharton marketing professor David J. Reibstein spoke recently with the authors about the themes in their book.

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