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Kayla and Venus discuss the many drugs in the 1994 cult classic, Pulp Fiction, and also talk about why they like (and dislike) the movie.
Listen to the whole episode over on Patreon at the $2 tier, and watch our next movie with us on Discord by joining the $5 tier.
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Between 1997 and 2007, a Mexican street gang known as "Las Goteras" poisoned and robbed men, killing as many as 70 with simple but deadly eye drops. Much like this isn't the first time we've featured eye drops, Las Goteras were not the only ones using this method.
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Clarkson, W. (2022). El Hamburguesa. In Serial Killers of Mexico. Welbeck.
Contreras-Salinas, H., Orozco-Ceja, V., Romero-Lopez, M. S., Barajas-Virgen, M. Y., Baiza-Duran, L. M., &
Cordero, A. (2023). Asesino serial David Avendaño Balline, "El Hamburguesa". En Blanco y Negro. Retrieved 01 May 2023, from https://enblancoynegro.com.mx/2023/03/28/asesino-serial-david-avendano-ballina-el-hamburguesa/
David Avendaño 'El Hamburguesa', líder de la banda de 'Las Goteras' y responsable del asesinato de 70 de sus víctimas. (2018). Vanguardia. Retrieved 29 Apr
Ketzer. (2020). El Crimen de Parkita y Espectrito Jr y las Bandas de "Goteras". VAR Deportivo. Retrieved 25 Apr 2024, from https://vardeportivo.com/2020/11/14/el-crimen-de-parkita-y-espectrito-jr-y-las-bandas-de-goteras/
"Las goteras", adulteraban bebidas y usaban sus senos. (2017). El Universal. Retrieved 01 May 2024, from https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/colaboracion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/nacion/sociedad/las-goteras-adulteraban-bebidas-y-usaban-sus/
Las Goteras: La banda criminal que sigue atacando. (2023). 24 Morelos. Retrieved 29 Apr 2024, from https://www.24morelos.com/las-goteras-la-banda-criminal-que-sigue-atacando/
Martinez, F. (2010). Sentencian a 47 años a asesinas de mini luchadores. El Universal. Retrieved 29 Apr 2024, from https://web.archive.org/web/20100716204428/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/694931.html
Nombran a la lucha libre como Patrimonio Cultural Intangible de la CDMX. (2018). El Universal. Retrieved 25 Apr 2024, from https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/cdmx/nombran-la-lucha-libre-como-patrimonio-cultural-intangible-de-la-cdmx/#imagen-1
Ocampo, E. (2006). el fin de una era. Superluchas. Retrieved 25 Apr 2024, from
Pooniya, V., & Pandey, N. (2012). Systemic toxicity of topical cycolpentolate eyedrops in a child. Eye (Lond), 26(10), 1391-1392.
Salen oootras víctimas de ‘Las Goteras’. (2017). Chilango. Retrieved 03 May 2024, from https://www.chilango.com/ciudad/mas-victimas-de-las-goteras/
Sosa, A. (2020). Confesaron su crimen "La Tííaa"yy""la Gorda". El Sol de Puebla. Retrieved 01 May 2024, from https://www.pressreader.com/mexico/el-sol-de-puebla/20200228/282445646095016
Sosa, A. (2022). Las Goteras: Seductoras y malvadas, asesinaron a los luchadores La Parkita y Espectrito. La Prensa. Retrieved 01 May 2024, from https://www.la-prensa.com.mx/archivos-secretos/las-goteras-seductoras-y-malvadas-asesinaron-a-los-luchadores-la-parkita-y-espectrito-8075628.html
Valdespin, M. (2023). La banda criminal <> continúa su serie de ataques implacables. 45 Digital Noticias. Retrieved 01 May 2023, from https://45digital.mx/la-banda-criminal-las-goteras-continua-su-serie-de-ataques-implacables/
Charged Lemonade, Coca-Cola, and caffeinated potato chips - oh my! Caffeine may be everywhere, but that doesn't mean it's not dangerous at the wrong dose (and that's probably lower than you think it is).
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Citations available on Kayla's blog at writerkaylawoods.wordpress.com
Following the events in Minamata, Japan, mercury came under intense scrutiny by researchers, physicians, and parents alike. One kind of mercury is not like another, but what does that mean when there's mercury in vaccines?
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Baker, J. P. (2008). Mercury, vaccines, and autism: One controversy, three histories. AJPH, 98(2), 244-253.
Bernhoft, R. A. (2012). Mercury toxicity and treatment: A review of the literature. J Environ Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/460508
Czech, H. (2018). Hans Asperger, National Socialism, and "race hygiene" in Nazi-era Vienna. Mol Autism, 9(29).
Deer, B. (2004). How lawyers paid for start of MMR scare; letters refute Andrew Wakefield's story. https://web.archive.org/web/20070808025155/http://briandeer.com/wakefield/wakefield-deal.htm
Deer, B. (2011). How the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed. BMJ, 342, c5347. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c5347
Dr Andrew Jeremy WAKEFIELD Determination on Serious Professional Misconduct (SPM) and sanction. (2010). In. www.gmc-uk.org: General Medical Council.
Evans, B. (2013). How autism became autism. Hist Human Sci, 26(3), 3-31.
Fombonne, E., Goin-Kochel, R. P., & O'Roak, B. J. (2020). Beliefs in vaccine as causes of autism among SPARK cohort caregivers. Vaccine, 38(7).
Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. (2015). (R. S. Hoffman, M. A. Howland, N. A. Lewin, L. S. Nelson, & L. R. Goldfrank, Eds. 10 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Gross, L. (2009). A broken trust: Lessons from the vaccine-autism wars. PLoS Biol, 7(5). https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000114
Hotez, P. (2019). America and Europe's new normal: the return of vaccine-preventable diseases. Pediatric Research, 85, 912-914.
Immunization Safety Review: Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. (2001). T. N. A. Press.
Lewis, T., Fischman, J., Leong, C., & Lim, A. (2023). Why Childhood Vaccination Rates are Falling. Scientific American. Retrieved 26 Feb 2024, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/why-childhood-vaccination-rates-are-falling/
McPhillips, D. (2023). CDC sounds alarm about low vaccination rates amid rising respiratory virus activity. CNN. Retrieved 26 Feb 2024, from https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/14/health/low-vaccination-rates-flu-covid-rsv/index.html
Mnookin, S. (2017). How Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Distorted Vaccine Science. Scientific American. Retrieved 23 Feb 2024, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-distorted-vaccine-science1/
Offit, P. A. (2007). Thimerosal and vaccines - A cautionary tale. N Engl J Med, 357, 1278-1279.
Rabin, R. C. (2019). Brother and Sister of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Accuse Him of Spreading Misinformation on Vaccines. The New York Times. Retrieved 23 Feb 2024, from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/08/health/vaccines-kennedy-measles.html
Smith, M. R., & Swenson, A. (2023). RFK Jr. says he's not anti-vaccine. His record shows the opposite. It's one of many inconsistencies. AP. Retrieved
Wolff, S. (2004). The history of autism. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 13, 201-208.
In 2001, anthrax sent in the US mail as part of two separate biochemical terrorist attacks killed five people and sickened dozens of others. The Amerithrax investigation did not officially end for another nine years and it is unclear if the killer responsible was truly identified.
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Amerithrax Investigative Summary. (2010). www.justice.gov
Broad, W. J., & Johnston, D. (2001, 09 Nov 2001). A NATION CHALLENGED: THE INQUIRY; Experts See F.B.I. Missteps Hampering Anthrax Inquiry. The New York Times.
History of Anthrax. (2020). https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/anthrax-history.html
Krauss, D. (2022). The Anthrax Attacks S. Vohra; Netflix.
Landers, J. (2016). The Anthrax Letters That Terrorized a Nation Are Now Decontaminated and on Public View. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 11 Jan 2024, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/anthrax-letters-terrorized-nation-now-decontaminated-public-view-180960407/
Mitchell, J. (2023). 20 years ago, the U.S. warned of Iraq's alleged 'weapons of mass destruction'. NPR. Retrieved 20 Jan 2024, from https://www.npr.org/2023/02/03/1151160567/colin-powell-iraq-un-weapons-mass-destruction#:~:text=Hourly%20News-,20%20years%20ago%2C%20the%20U.S.%20warned%20of%20Iraq's%20alleged%20'weapons,and%20undermine%20the%20Iraq%20War.
Moughty, S. (2011). Paul Keim: "We Were Surprised It Was the Ames Strain". Frontline. Retrieved 11 Jan 2024, from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/paul-keim-we-were-surprised-it-was-the-ames-strain/
Peterson, L., & Pear, R. (2001, 16 Oct 2001). A NATION CHALLENGED: CIPRO; Anthrax Fears Send Demand for a Drug Far Beyond Outpit. The New York Times.
Pollock, A. (2021). Terrorism. In Sickening. University of Minnesota Press.
Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters. (2011). T. N. A. Press.
Revkin, A. C., & Canedy, D. (2001, 05 Dec 2001). A NATION CHALLENGED: THE DISEASE; Anthrax Pervades Floride Site,
Riedel, S. (2005). Anthrax: a continuing concern in the era of bioterrorism. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent), 18(3), 234-243.
Rozen, L. (2002). Fort Detrick's anthrax mystery. Salon. Retrieved 09 Jan 2024, from https://www.salon.com/2002/01/26/assaad/
Shane, S. (2011). Expert Panel is Critical of F.B.I. Work in Investigating Anthrax Letters. The New York Times. Retrieved 21 Jan 2024, from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/us/16anthrax.html
Suffin, S. C., Carnes, W. H., & Kaufmann, A. F. (1978). Inhalational anthrax in a home craftsman. Human Path, 9(5), 594-597.
Timeline: How the Anthrax Terror Unfolded. (2011). NPR. Retrieved 09 Jan 2024, from https://www.npr.org/2011/02/15/93170200/timeline-how-the-anthrax-terror-unfolded
Willman, D. (2011). The Mirage Man. Bantam Books.
Wing of Senate Building Closed Amid Anthrax Concerns. (2001). PBS. Retrieved 10 Jan 2024, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/health-july-dec01-anthrax_10-16
Wiser, M., Gordon, G., & Engelberg, S. (2011). Government Settles Anthrax Suit for $2.5 million. Frontline. Retrieved 21 Jan 2024, from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/government-settles-anthrax-suit-for-2-5-million/
Spanish Fly is a potent poison with purported aphrodisiac effects, and it was used to kill two women in 1954 just because their office manager wanted to have sex with one of them.
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Clip of the Larry King x Bill Cosby interview
Adams, C. A. (1950). Food and Drug Law in the United Kingdom. Food, Drug, Cosmetic Law J, 5(8), 642-655.
Cotovio, P., Silva, C., Marques, M. G., Ferrer, F., Costa, F., Carriera, A., & Campos, M. (2013). Acute kidney injury by cantharidin poisoning following a silly bet and an ugly beetle. Clin Kidney J, 6(2), 201-203.
Craven, J. D., & Polak, A. (1954). Cantharidin Poisoning. BMJ, 2(4901), 1386-1388.
Five Years for Sex Drug Deaths. (1954, 19 Jun 1954). The Mercury. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/27219793
Froberg, B. A. (2011). Animals. In C. P. Holstege, T. M. Neer, G. B. Saathoff, & R. B. Furbee (Eds.), Criminal Poisoning: Clinical and Forensic Perspectives. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Hsieh, C., & Varina, R. (2023). 11 Aphrodisiac Foods That Might Just Help Level Up Your Sex Drive. Cosmopolitan. Retrieved 30 Dec 2023,
Karras, D. J., Farrell, S. E., Harrigan, R. A., Henretig, F. M., & Gealt, L. (1996). Poisoning from "Spanish Fly" (Cantharidin). Am J Emer Med, 14(5), 478-483.
Man used aphrodisiac to spike friend's drink so she would have sex with him, court hears. (2017). The Telegraph. Retrieved 02 Jan 2024, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/13/man-used-aphrodisiac-spike-friends-drink-would-have-sex-court/
McCahill, E. (2018). Clubber cleared of putting 'Spanish Goldfly sex drops' in woman's mocktail as he says 'they don't work'. Mirror. Retrieved 02 Jan 2024, from https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/clubber-cleared-putting-sex-drops-13247290
Melnyk, J. P., & Marcone, M. F. (2011). Aphrodisiacs from plant and animal sources - A review of current scientific literature. Food Res Inter, 44, 840-850.
Nickolls, L. C., & Teare, D. (1954). Poisoning by Cantharidin. BMJ, 2(4901), 1384-1386.
Rowland, J. (1960). Cantharides. In Poisoner in the Dock. Arco Publications.
Said Cantharidin Killed Two Girls. (1954, 19 May 1954). Townsville Daily Bulletin.
Scales, H. (2013). Spanish fly. Chemistry World. Retrieved 30 Dec 2023, from https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/spanish-fly/6677.article
Whittaker, G. (2023). Spanish Fly: Does It Work as
This is the survival story Aimo Koivunen, where snow, meth, and a dash of Finnish spirit make for an arctic adventure that no one expected.
Listen to the whole story and watch the accompanying video only on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/lethaldosepod
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Larry McNabney was a Las Vegas lawyer and horse lover who was poisoned with horse tranquilizer by his wife and her best friend in 2001.
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Hell in Heels. (2022). K. Schiffman; https://abc.com/shows/2020/episode-guide/2022-04/01-hell-in-heels
Jones, J. (2002). The Chameleon comes home. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 19 Nov 2023, from https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2002/05/19/the-chameleon-comes-home/
Malone, E. Equine Sedatives and Calming Agents. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 27 Nov 2023 from https://open.lib.umn.edu/largeanimalsurgery/chapter/equine-sedatives/#:~:text=Xylazine%20is%20a%20common%20equine,%2Fml)%20for%20most%20horses.
Papudesi, B. N., Malayala, S. V., & Regina, A. C. (2023). Xylazine Toxicity. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594271/#:~:text=Xylazine%20toxicity%20is%20a%20critical,and%20life%2Dthreatening%20skin%20ulcers.
Rhee, J., Schiffman, K., & Yamada, H. (2022). Daughter of Laren Sims, who killed husband with horse tranquilizer, details childhood on the run. ABC 7. https://abc7chicago.com/2020-tonight-laren-sims-larry-mcnabney-haylei-jordan/11700760/
What You Should Know About Xylazine. (2023). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 27 Nov 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/deaths/other-drugs/xylazine/faq.html
Zamora, J. H. (2002). Wife's bizarre confession in poisoning / Secretary also charged in slaying of lawyer. SFGate. Retrieved 19 Nov 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wife-s-bizarre-confession-in-poisoning-2861614.php
Two siblings were found dead in their Colorado home in 2002, but was their death an accident from misreading a cold syrup label, or was it homicide? Mistakes with the toxicology made interpreting the situation much more difficult in this case.
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Find the citations for this episode at Kayla's Website writerkaylawoods.wordpress.com
After the Manhattan Project ended, its legacy continued. Plutonium production at the Hanford Nuclear Site increased, as did work at Los Alamos and Oak Ridge, so that more nuclear bombs could be dropped at the Nevada Test Site and on the Marshall Islands in the name of science and "supremacy."
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Biddle, W. (2012). A Field Guide to Radiation. Penguin Books.
Botelho, G. B. (2013). Governor: 6 tanks leaking radioactive waste at Washington nuclear site. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/22/us/washington-nuclear/index.html
Brown, V. (2013). Hanford Nuclear Waste Cleanup Plant May Be Too Dangerous. Scientific American. Retrieved 07 Nov 2023, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hanford-nuclear-cleanup-problems/
Brumfiel, G. (2023). Russia is scrapping its ratification of a key nuclear test ban. Here's what that means. NPR. Retrieved 18 Oct 2023, from https://www.npr.org/2023/10/17/1206114320/russia-is-scrapping-its-ratification-of-a-key-nuclear-test-ban-heres-what-that-m
Curry, B. (1979). HEW Lawyer Says U.S. Ignored Fallout Risks. The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 Oct 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/04/20/hew-lawyer-says-us-ignored-fallout-risks/1ba9ec54-82db-45d6-a58f-8fb68bd9c5e6/
Downwinders and the Radioactive West. (2021). J. Howe; American Public Television. https://www.pbsutah.org/pbs-utah-productions/shows/downwinders-and-the-radioactive-west/
Eidy, M., & Tishkowski, K. (2023). Radon Toxicity. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562321/
Farrow, R., & McHugh, R. (2016). Welcome to 'the Most Toxic Place in America'. NBC News. Retrieved 07 Nov 2023, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/welcome-most-toxic-place-america-n689141
Fehner, T. R., & Gosling, F. G. (2000). Origins of the Nevada Test Site. nnss.gov Retrieved from https://nnss.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/DOE_MA0518-1.pdf
Hein, T. (2000). Atomic Farmgirl. Fulcrum Publishing.
James L. Nolan, J. (2020). Atomic Doctors. Harvard University
Kolanz, M. E. (2001). Introduction to beryllium: Uses, regulatory history, and disease. App Occ Environ Hyg, 16(5),
The Limited Test Ban Treaty, 1963. Office of the Historian. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023 from https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/limited-ban
Miller, R. (1986). Under the Cloud. Free Press.
The Navajo People and Uranium Mining. (2006). University of New Mexico Press.
Neisius, M. Western Shoshone Nation Opposes Yucca Mountain Nuclear Repository. Commodities, Conflict, and Cooperation. https://sites.evergreen.edu/ccc/warnuclear/shoshone-tribe-opposes-yucca-mountain-nuclear-repository/
Olson, S. (2020). The Apocalypse Factory. W. W. Norton & Company.
Pasternak, J. (2010). Yellow Dirt. Free Press.
Pincus, W. (2021). Blown to Hell. Diversion Books.
Republic of the Marshall Islands 2021 Census Report. (2023).
Sadler, J. (2019). Native American tribe claims nuclear waste can't be stored on its land. Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 15 Oct 2023, from https://lasvegassun.com/news/2019/aug/15/native-american-tribe-claims-nuclear-waste-cant-be/
Wald, M. L. (1998, 16 Jan 1998). Panel Details Management Flaws at Hanford Nuclear Waste Site. The New York Times, 20.
What is Hanford? Hanford Challenge. https://www.hanfordchallenge.org/whatishanford
Williams, H. (2011). Made in Hanford. Washington State University Press.
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