耳朵學英文 大腦篇#5，神經元 neurons
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Cells within the nervous system, called neurons, communicate with each other in unique ways. The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
神經系統內的細胞稱為神經元，以獨特的方式相互交流。神經元是大腦的基本工作單元，是專門設計用來將信息傳輸到其他神經細胞，肌肉或腺體細胞的細胞。
Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Most neurons have a cell body, an axon, and dendrites.
大多數神經元具有細胞體，軸突和樹突。
Synapses are the contact points where one neuron communicates with another. The dendrites are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons.
突觸是一個神經元與另一個神經元進行交流的接觸點。樹突被其他神經元的軸突末端形成的突觸所覆蓋。
Every person's body contains billions of nerve cells (neurons). There are about 100 billion in the brain and 13.5 million in the spinal cord. The body's neurons take up and send out electric and chemical signals (electrochemical energy) to other neurons.
每個人的身體都包含數十億個神經細胞（神經元）。 大腦大約有1000億，脊髓大約有1350萬。 人體的神經元吸收並向其他神經元發出電和化學信號（電化學能）。
Average number of neurons in the human brain is 100 billion.
人腦中神經元的平均數量= 1000億。
Average number of neurons in the octopus brain is 300 million.
章魚大腦中的神經元平均數= 3億。
Neurons can’t divide or replace themselves. This means that nerve damage is often permanent.
神經元不能分裂或自我替代。這意味著神經損傷通常是永久性的。
There are as many neurons in the human brain as stars in the Milky Way.
人腦中的神經元與銀河系中的星星一樣多。
We lose neurons as we age, starting at around 20 years old in humans. 1/10 of our neurons are gone by the time we turn 75.
我們會隨著年齡的增長而失去神經元，從人類20歲左右開始。到75歲時，有1/10的神經元消失了。
Neurons can look very differently from each other depending on their function. For example, sensory neurons have dendrites on both sides of their body, rather than on one side.神經元的外觀可能彼此不同，具體取決於它們的功能。例如，感覺神經元在其身體的兩側而不是一側具有樹突。
The brain has approximately 100 billion neurons. In contrast, the spinal cord only has roughly 13.5 million neurons throughout its length.大腦大約有1000億個神經元。相反，脊髓在整個長度卻只有大約1,350萬個神經元。
Research has shown that new connections between neurons form throughout life.
研究表明，人的一生當中會產生神經元間的新連接點。
Neurons release chemicals known as neurotransmitters into synapses, or the connections between cells, to communicate with other neurons.
神經元將稱為神經遞質的化學物質釋放到突觸或細胞之間的連接中，以與其他神經元進行信號傳遞。
