When Equality Is a Myth Sweden’s Disability Laws Leave Autistic and Disabled People to Collapse
When we pass someone sleeping rough or hear of a person in crisis lashing out in public, the easy story is to blame the individual. But behind every autistic or disabled person who ends up homeless, every person with mental illness who spirals until they are a danger to themselves or others, there is another story. A story of systems that promised protection and dignity and then failed.
Sweden sells itself as a society of equality. They also heavily rely on this image and the Pr it gives them and positioning globally. The image is polished, repeated in global media, celebrated in diplomatic halls. But the reality is different. Autistic and disabled people are routinely abandoned by the very structures meant to safeguard them. The collapse we witness on the street, or in the news, is not personal weakness. It is the direct result of bureaucratic neglect, inaccessible processes, and decisions made by officials who choose budgets and convenience over human lives.
Behind the equality myth is a brutal truth: under SoL (Socialtjänstlagen) and LSS (Law on Support & Service for Persons with Disabilities), municipalities delay, deflect, and deny until people collapse. What exists on paper as protection becomes eviction notices, hunger, burnout, and despair. For racialised autistic and disabled people especially, the system is not just broken, it is weaponized against us.
On Paper vs Reality How Sweden Markets Equality While Disabled People Are Left to Fail
Sweden presents itself to the world as the land of equality and inclusion. The image is rehearsed: glossy brochures, diplomatic speeches, NGO reports that repeat the story of a society built on fairness. On paper, that story looks convincing.
Under SoL, municipalities are required to secure a reasonable standard of living and prevent homelessness. Under LSS, people with significant and lasting disabilities are guaranteed good living conditions and the ability to participate fully in society. These laws are supposed to function as safeguards, ensuring that autistic and disabled people are not left behind.
But lived reality tells another story. Instead of stabilizing lives, the very systems designed to protect us often become another form of trauma. Applications are met with shifting demands, endless delays, and inaccessible procedures that exhaust people into collapse. What should be protection becomes punishment.
These failures are not hidden. The EU has flagged Sweden repeatedly for accessibility gaps. The UN CRPD Committee has condemned the country for unlawful delays and systemic discrimination.
Yet inside Sweden, the façade of equality is maintained. The myth persists because the global image matters more than the lives of the people who live under these laws.
And when anti-Blackness intersects with disability, the harm is compounded. Denial is not only about ability but about race. Disabled people are not treated as citizens with rights; they are treated as burdens to be managed, questioned, and often discarded.
Five Months of Social Services Bureaucratic Neglect in Hässelby-Vällingby
In May 2025, the municipality of Hässelby-Vällingby received notice of a growing rent debt for an autistic applicant with moderate needs who has been navigating trauma for more than a year. The law is clear: under SoL, municipalities must act to prevent eviction. What followed was not help but 116 days of neglect that pushed a disabled person closer to homelessness.
For another five months documents were submitted, bank statements, medical certificates, full financial records, yet the municipality claimed they were missing. Four physicians confirmed long-term disabilities, including autism, ADHD, PTSD, and agoraphobia. Their assessments were dismissed in favor of invented barriers. Even the landlord, facing an eviction deadline, was left uninformed for months. When the municipality’s own eviction-prevention unit finally reached out in September, the debt had already escalated.
The treatment grew more demeaning. At one point, the applicant was told to prove eligibility by filming inside their bedroom during a video call. A request for digital communication, supported by medical certificates that documented intermittent speech and trauma from direct encounters with authorities was recast as a burden, as if accessibility were a favor instead of a legal right.
Emails later revealed that the very documents accused of being missing had been sitting in the municipality’s inbox all along. Instead of acknowledging the mistake, caseworkers shifted blame: branding the applicant “difficult to communicate with” and closing the case. When the applicant raised the possibility of reporting these failures to oversight bodies, the response was not accountability but threats, warnings about otillåten påverkan, undue influence, as if exercising a legal right to escalate systemic failures were an abuse of power by the applicant.
This is a familiar tactic in Swedish social services. When errors are exposed, attention is diverted to the supposed flaws of the applicant. Disabled people are recast as the problem. Gaslighting replaces accountability. And for those already carrying trauma, the harm compounds until collapse feels inevitable.
The result was predictable. The rent debt grew month by month, not because the applicant failed to act, but because the municipality chose not to. Instead of preventing eviction, the system manufactured it.
This was not an individual error. It was a method a systemic choreography of delay, denial, and blame that punishes disabled people for existing.
The Human Consequences of Swedish Municipal Failures
Why Bureaucratic Delay Becomes Eviction, Burnout, and Retraumatization
When a municipality fails to act, it is never just paperwork. It is a life unraveling in real time.
Every unanswered email, every lost document, every arbitrary requirement lands on the body of the person waiting. Disabled people do not live in a vacuum where delays are neutral. The cost is immediate: burnout and health collapse as energy is drained not by living but by chasing forms and re-explaining diagnoses; retraumatization for survivors of violence and mental illness who must prove themselves again to caseworkers who do not even read medical certificates; isolation when hours of support are denied or cut, leaving people trapped in their homes, cut off from community; and the sharpest risk of all, eviction, when municipalities wait until Kronofogden intervenes.
Then comes the cruelty of the language. Decision letters claim that applicants “failed to plan their economy” or “did not cooperate,” as if the collapse of an entire safety net can be reduced to one person’s budgeting. Some even point to the purchase of a skincare product, as though survival cannot include moments of sensory relief or hydration. This after months of submitting every document, attending every meeting, complying with every demand.
For autistic and disabled people, the system does not simply fail to support. It turns hostile. It punishes the very strategies people use to survive. It shifts blame for institutional errors onto those already carrying the weight of survival.
This is what systemic harm looks like. Not one mistake, but a chain of evasions that leave people poorer, sicker, and closer to collapse.
Behind every policy failure is a person who cannot simply “wait out” bureaucratic delay. For autistic and disabled people, these failures are daily survival risks. Eviction notices. Burnout so complete that even eating becomes difficult. Psychiatric retraumatization when medical evidence is ignored by administrators with no clinical expertise. Isolation deepened by being told again and again that you “did not cooperate,” even when you did everything asked.
Even the state admits the severity. In denial letters, municipalities sometimes acknowledge that eviction will have “serious social consequences.” They write this in the same breath as they deny support.
That is not protection. It is calculated abandonment.
For racialised disabled people, the punishment cuts sharper. Anti-Blackness merges with ableism, twisting ordinary survival into suspicion. A bank transaction becomes evidence of irresponsibility. Compliance is reframed as defiance. Needs are recast as demands. These are not misunderstandings. They are patterns of discrimination, enacted under the cover of procedure.
Sweden’s disability system cannot be judged by its laws alone. It must be judged by its outcomes. And the outcomes are devastating: homes lost, health broken, lives cut short.
The Tactics How Bureaucracy Becomes a Weapon
How Municipalities Weaponize Bureaucracy Against Disabled People
Municipalities rarely deny disability rights outright. Instead, they construct a maze. The path appears procedural, but every turn is designed to delay, exhaust, and redirect until the applicant either collapses or disappears from the system.
Delay is the first tactic. Cases sit untouched for months while rent arrears grow and health deteriorates. The silent calculation is that an eviction notice will remove the problem, that a family member will step in, or that the applicant will give up altogether.
When the pressure builds, the goalposts shift. The moment one demand is met, another appears. New bank statements are requested again. Company liquidation is demanded even when it has no bearing on eligibility. In-person visits are scheduled despite medical certificates clearly stating agoraphobia. Each new demand resets the clock, buying more time for inaction.
False requirements follow. Applicants are told to provide documents or proofs the law does not require at all — liquidation within days, physical attendance when digital verification already exists, layers of evidence that stretch far beyond what SoL or LSS demand.
And when these tactics falter, blame is redirected. Applicants are accused of being uncooperative, of poor planning, of refusing to adapt — even when every meeting has been attended, every document submitted, every condition met. Responsibility for municipal failures is shifted back onto the disabled person.
Above all, mistakes are shielded. Cases are passed between units in an endless relay where no one takes ownership. Errors are buried in the shuffle, accountability diluted until it disappears.
These tactics are not isolated missteps. They form a pattern. The Parliamentary Ombudsman has documented them. The National Audit Office has flagged them. The UN CRPD Committee has condemned them. Yet they continue because they allow municipalities to maintain the appearance of process while avoiding the substance of obligation.
The outcome is clear. Disability law is inverted. SoL and LSS, written to guarantee protection and participation, become instruments of exclusion. Rights that exist on paper are kept out of reach in practice, blocked not by overt denial but by bureaucratic evasion.
Law vs Reality What Sweden Promises and What Disabled People Face
What Sweden Promises in SoL, LSS, and CRPD vs What People Face
On paper, Sweden has one of the strongest disability rights frameworks in Europe. Three pillars hold it up. SoL, the Social Services Act, obliges municipalities to secure a reasonable standard of living and prevent homelessness. LSS, the Disability Services Act, guarantees good living conditions and real participation for people with significant and lasting disabilities, including autism. And the CRPD, ratified in 2008, commits Sweden to non-discrimination, accessibility, and effective remedies.
Add to this the EU Disability Strategy, with monitoring mechanisms that have flagged Sweden repeatedly for unlawful delays and systemic barriers. The architecture appears solid. It gives the impression of a country committed to equality.
But the reality is different.
Unlawful delays stretch for months even when eviction is imminent, ignoring SoL’s requirement to act urgently. Denials arrive not because needs are absent, but because administrators fixate on irrelevant details — a small purchase in a bank statement, a speculative suspicion of hidden income. Medical certificates from multiple physicians are sidelined in favor of guesswork by officials with no clinical expertise. And when the applicant is racialised or autistic, the scrutiny grows harsher, the tone sharper, the accusations of “not cooperating” faster.
This is not a misunderstanding. It is a systemic gap between law and life. It allows Sweden to sign reports to the UN affirming its commitment to equality while constructing daily barriers that ensure those rights never materialize on the ground.
The contradiction is stark. Internationally, Sweden markets itself as a leader in inclusion. Domestically, its municipalities enforce exclusion through delay and disbelief. Equality is promised in treaties and legislation, yet denied in everyday practice.
The Human Consequences Behind the Equality Myth
When Promises Collapse Into Outcomes of Homelessness and Harm
Laws cannot be lived on. Behind every legal promise is a person who cannot wait out bureaucracy. Disabled people experience the failures of SoL and LSS not as abstract violations but as daily crises.
When municipalities delay rent support, eviction follows. The purpose of SoL is to prevent homelessness, yet people are routinely pushed into it. When demands for paperwork never end, autistic people already battling executive dysfunction collapse under the weight of compliance. When medical certificates are dismissed, survivors of PTSD and anxiety are retraumatized by administrators who have no clinical training yet claim the authority to overrule physicians.
These are not side effects of a strained system. They are the outcomes it produces.
Even the state admits the consequences. In denial letters, municipalities sometimes concede that eviction will have “serious social consequences.” They write this acknowledgement in the same breath as they refuse support. That is not protection. It is abandonment by design.
For racialised disabled people, the cruelty is sharper. Anti-Blackness merges with ableism, casting ordinary survival as suspicion. A bank withdrawal becomes proof of irresponsibility. Compliance is reframed as defiance. Needs are twisted into demands. These are not misunderstandings, they are patterns of discrimination written into daily practice.
This is why Sweden’s disability system cannot be judged by its legal framework. It must be judged by its outcomes. And the outcomes are devastating: homes lost, health destroyed, lives cut short.
The question is no longer whether the system is failing. It is failing in plain sight. The question now is what must be done — immediately — to ensure that the rights guaranteed under SoL and LSS are more than words on paper.
What Needs to Change Right Now
How Leaders Can Act Without Shame and Uphold Disability Rights
Municipalities cannot admit that their systems have collapsed without undermining the equality myth Sweden sells to the world. Caseworkers cannot confess mistakes without risking their jobs. So responsibility is pushed back onto the disabled person, reframed as “difficult,” “uncooperative,” or “irresponsible.” That is how institutions protect themselves while people are left to collapse.
The truth is that frontline staff are not villains in this story. They are caught inside a machine that fails them as much as it fails us. They carry impossible caseloads, are pressed to enforce laws without training in disability or neurodivergence, and are trapped in underfunded systems where failure is inevitable. What looks like individual neglect is in fact structural design.
That is why the blame must be placed where it belongs: on government pressure, chronic underfunding, and the refusal to invest in accessible, competent social services.
The solutions are not complicated.
Accessible communication must be recognized as a right, not treated as a concession. SoL and LSS obligations must be applied urgently and consistently, especially in eviction cases where the law is clear. And leadership must frame compliance not as an admission of failure but as an act of integrity under pressure — proof that municipalities can still act in line with the values Sweden claims to uphold.
Other municipalities, lawyers, and EU monitoring bodies have already documented the same failures. This is not one case. It is a national problem. Acting now does not expose one office to shame. It shows that Sweden is capable of living up to the laws it has already written.
The window for denial has closed. What remains is the choice: continue to hide behind procedure, or step forward and fulfill the commitments that have been promised for decades.
Call to Action Naming the Tactics and Demanding Accountability
Naming the Tactics and Demanding Accountability From Sweden’s System
What we are witnessing in Sweden is not a string of unfortunate mistakes. It is a pattern. The same tactics appear across municipalities: cases dragged out until eviction becomes inevitable, requirements shifted just as old ones are met, blame pushed onto applicants even when evidence is overwhelming, speculation treated as fact, discrimination recast as misunderstanding. Each tactic has one effect: responsibility is shifted from the state onto the disabled person, leaving us to pay with our health, our homes, and our dignity.
This is not protection. It is systemic harm disguised as process.
Sweden has signed the UN CRPD, bound itself to the EU Disability Strategy, and enshrined protections in SoL and LSS. On paper, the rights are there. In practice, they collapse into bureaucratic cruelty and institutional indifference.
That is why I am gathering evidence — audio, video, emails, testimonies — to show these failures in undeniable detail. This material will be published here, on Substack, and submitted to the Parliamentary Ombudsman (JO). But documentation alone is not enough.
If you have been impacted by SoL or LSS failures by delays, denials, shifting demands, or discriminatory treatment, your voice matters. Share your story. Add it to the collective record. Because abuse thrives in silence, and silence is what keeps these systems intact.
Naming the tactics breaks their power. Telling the truth out loud is the first step toward accountability.
Conclusion Why I Refuse to Stay Silent
I am not writing this from the sidelines. I am living it and I am watching countless others live it too.
For more than a decade, my work has exposed systemic harm and demanded accountability. I have written books, spoken across institutions, and stood in public arenas where silence was expected. I have been honored with awards, including the Raoul Wallenberg Prize and the Stockholm Region Sustainability Award. But those recognitions mean little if I do not speak when it matters most.
This exposé is part of that same commitment: to reveal what is hidden, to document what institutions deny, and to amplify the voices of those whom systems try to erase.
Sweden markets equality to the world. But equality means nothing if autistic people, disabled people, racialised people those already carrying the weight of survival are left to collapse under inaccessible systems and deliberate neglect.
I will not allow these failures to remain behind closed doors. The evidence is here. The testimonies are here. The demand for accountability is here.
The full exposé article will be published on here with audio, video, and official documents. It will also form part of a collective disability rights report to the Parliamentary Ombudsman (JO).
This is more than documentation. It is a call to act. Because justice delayed is justice denied.
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This essay is accompanied by the work of Bisa Butler, whose textile portraits layer fabric, color, and history into living testimony. I chose Butler’s art because her figures refuse invisibility. Where institutions reduce disabled people to files, her work insists on presence vibrant, complex, undeniable. In a text about systemic erasure, her portraits remind us that dignity is already carried in our bodies, even when states refuse to see it.
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Who is Lovette Jallow?
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* Anti-racism education and systemic change
As one of the few Black, queer, autistic, ADHD, and Muslim women working at the intersection of human rights, structural accountability, and corporate transformation, Lovette offers a uniquely authoritative perspective rooted in lived experience and professional expertise.
Her work bridges theory, research, and action—guiding institutions to move beyond performative diversity efforts and toward sustainable structural change.
Lovette has worked across Sweden, The Gambia, Libya, and Lebanon—tackling institutional racism, legal discrimination, and refugee protection. Her expertise has been sought by outlets like The New York Times and by leading humanitarian organizations addressing racial justice, policy reform, and intersectional equity.
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