NALAR

Ada cukup banyak pertanyaan dan komentar yang disampaikan mengenai tayangan #NALAR Episode 1-4 tentang Kebijakan Publik, melalui komentar di YouTube dan media sosial. Ada sejumlah pertanyaan dan komentar yang sudah dijawab secara tertulis dan langsung. Tentu saja tidak semua pertanyaan bisa dan perlu saya jawab, tetapi di episode ini, saya mencoba menjawab beberapa pertanyaan dan menanggapi sejumlah komentar yang saya rasa penting untuk diangkat untuk melengkapi penjelasan sebelumnya.   Selanjutnya, saya  akan mencoba menjawab dan menanggapi pertanyaan dan komentar untuk semua topik yang dibahas di kanal #NALAR. Jika tidak bisa langsung, akan saya sampaikan jawaban saya melalui episode tanya jawab ini. Jadi, silakan jangan ragu bertanya atau berkomentar.

Apa itu birokrasi? Mengapa birokrasi mesti direformasi? Apa kaitannya dengan kapasitas pemerintah? Bagaimana Reformasi Birokrasi dilakukan? Sejauh apa dampak Reformasi Birokrasi bagi kinerja pemerintah dan kepentingan warga-negara?

#NALAR mencoba mendalami gagasan mendasar di balik perlunya Reformasi Birokrasi dalam membangun negara modern.

REFERENSI:

1. Sydney Lady Morgan (1818). Florence Macarthy. Henry Colburn. p. 35.

2. John Stuart Mill (1861). "VI – Of the Infirmities and Dangers to which Representative Government is Liable". Considerations on Representative Government.

3. Woodrow Wilson (1887), "The Study of Administration", Political Science Quarterly, July 1887

4. Ludwig von Mises (1944). Bureaucracy.

5. Robert K. Merton (1957). Social Theory and Social Structure. Glencoe, Free Press. pp. 195–206.

6. Karl Marx (1970). Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843). Cambridge University

7. Jaques Elliott (1976). A general theory of bureaucracy. London: Heinemann.

8. "In Praise of Hierarchy". Harvard Business Review. 1 January 1990.

9. Charles Tilly (1985). "War making and state making as organized crime," in Bringing the State Back In, eds P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, & T. Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

10. Jeffrey Herbst (1990). "War and the State in Africa." International Security, (1990): 117-139

11. David Beetham (1996). Bureaucracy.

12. Franz Wirl (1998). "Socio-economic typologies of bureaucratic corruption and implications". J.  Evolutionary Economics, 8(2):199–220.

13. Christopher Hood (2000), The Art of the State: Culture, Rhetoric, and Public Management. Oxford University Press. p. 76.

14. Liesbet Hooghe (2001). The European Commission and the integration of Europe: images of governance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 40–.

15. Marshall Sashkin, Molly G. Sashkin (2003). Leadership that matters: the critical factors for making a difference in people's lives and organizations' success. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p. 52.

16. V Fritz, A.R. Menocal (2007). "Developmental states in the new millennium: Concepts and challenges for a new aid agenda". Development Policy Review, 25(5):531–552.

17. Charles T Call (2008). "The Fallacy of the 'Failed State'". Third World Quarterly, 29(8):1498.

18. George Ritzer (2009). Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. McGraw-Hill. pp. 38–42.

19. Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters (2015) "Bureaucracy" from Weber’s Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations on Politics, Bureaucracy, and Social Stratification. Palgrave MacMillan.

20. Noel D. Johnson, Mark Koyama(2017). "States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints". Explorations in Economic History, 64(April):1–20.

21. Elissa Berwick, Christia Fotini (2018). "State Capacity Redux: Integrating Classical and Experimental Contributions to an Enduring Debate". Annual Review of Political Science, 21(May):71–91.

22. Agnes Cornell, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Jan Teorell (2020). "Bureaucracy and Growth". Comparative Political Studies, 53(14):2246–2282.

Apa itu birokrasi? Mengapa birokrasi mesti direformasi? Apa kaitannya dengan kapasitas pemerintah? Bagaimana Reformasi Birokrasi dilakukan? Sejauh apa dampak Reformasi Birokrasi bagi kinerja pemerintah dan kepentingan warga-negara?   

#NALAR mencoba mendalami gagasan mendasar di balik perlunya Reformasi Birokrasi dalam membangun negara modern.

REFERENSI: 

1. Sydney Lady Morgan (1818). Florence Macarthy. Henry Colburn. p. 35.  

2. John Stuart Mill (1861). "VI – Of the Infirmities and Dangers to which Representative Government is Liable". Considerations on Representative Government.  

3. Woodrow Wilson (1887), "The Study of Administration", Political Science Quarterly, July 1887 

4. Ludwig von Mises (1944). Bureaucracy.  

5. Robert K. Merton (1957). Social Theory and Social Structure. Glencoe, Free Press. pp. 195–206.   

6. Karl Marx (1970). Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843). Cambridge University  

7. Jaques Elliott (1976). A general theory of bureaucracy. London: Heinemann.  

8. "In Praise of Hierarchy". Harvard Business Review. 1 January 1990. 

9. Charles Tilly (1985). "War making and state making as organized crime," in Bringing the State Back In, eds P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, & T. Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

10. Jeffrey Herbst (1990). "War and the State in Africa." International Security, (1990): 117-139 

11. David Beetham (1996). Bureaucracy.  

12. Franz Wirl (1998). "Socio-economic typologies of bureaucratic corruption and implications". J.  Evolutionary Economics, 8(2):199–220. 

13. Christopher Hood (2000), The Art of the State: Culture, Rhetoric, and Public Management. Oxford University Press. p. 76. 

14. Liesbet Hooghe (2001). The European Commission and the integration of Europe: images of governance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 40–. 

15. Marshall Sashkin, Molly G. Sashkin (2003). Leadership that matters: the critical factors for making a difference in people's lives and organizations' success. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p. 52. 

16. V Fritz, A.R. Menocal (2007). "Developmental states in the new millennium: Concepts and challenges for a new aid agenda". Development Policy Review, 25(5):531–552. 

17. Charles T Call (2008). "The Fallacy of the 'Failed State'". Third World Quarterly, 29(8):1498.  

18. George Ritzer (2009). Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. McGraw-Hill. pp. 38–42. 

19. Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters (2015) "Bureaucracy" from Weber’s Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations on Politics, Bureaucracy, and Social Stratification. Palgrave MacMillan.

20. Noel D. Johnson, Mark Koyama(2017). "States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints". Explorations in Economic History, 64(April):1–20. 

21. Elissa Berwick, Christia Fotini (2018). "State Capacity Redux: Integrating Classical and Experimental Contributions to an Enduring Debate". Annual Review of Political Science, 21(May):71–91. 

 22. Agnes Cornell, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Jan Teorell (2020). "Bureaucracy and Growth". Comparative Political Studies, 53(14):2246–2282.

Apa kaitan kebijakan publik dengan relasi antara warga negara dan pemerintah? Apa pengaruhnya pada kinerja pemerintah dan kepercayaan warga negara? Kerumitan dan dilema apa saja yang dihadapi oleh para pembuat kebijakan? Mengapa kita perlu memahaminya?   

NALAR mencoba merefleksikan bagaimana kebijakan publik mempengaruhi relasi antara warga dan pemerintahnya, dan tantangan yang dihadapi saat menyusun kebijakan tersebut.

Referensi utama:  

1. Tentang definisi dan cakupan kebijakan publik: lihat Dewey (1927), Sharkansky (1970), Dye (1972), Anderson (1979), Lester dan Stewart (1996), Lemay (2002), Somit dan Peterson (2003), Friedrich (2007), Kraft dan Furlong (2018).   

2. Tentang pembuatan kebijakan: lihat Laswell (1950), Meier (1991), Grindle dan Thomas (1991), Bridgman dan Davis (1998), Kingdon (1984), Baumgartner dan Jones (1993, dikembangkan dari Lindblom (1959) dan Schulman (1975)).

Apa kaitan kebijakan publik dengan relasi antara warga negara dan pemerintah? Apa pengaruhnya pada kinerja pemerintah dan kepercayaan warga negara? Kerumitan dan dilema apa saja yang dihadapi oleh para pembuat kebijakan? Mengapa kita perlu memahaminya?   

NALAR mencoba merefleksikan bagaimana kebijakan publik mempengaruhi relasi antara warga dan pemerintahnya, dan tantangan yang dihadapi saat menyusun kebijakan tersebut.   

Referensi utama: 

1. Tentang definisi dan cakupan kebijakan publik: lihat Dewey (1927), Sharkansky (1970), Dye (1972), Anderson (1979), Lester dan Stewart (1996), Lemay (2002), Somit dan Peterson (2003), Friedrich (2007), Kraft dan Furlong (2018).  

2. Tentang pembuatan kebijakan: lihat Laswell (1950), Meier (1991), Grindle dan Thomas (1991), Bridgman dan Davis (1998), Kingdon (1984), Baumgartner dan Jones (1993, dikembangkan dari Lindblom (1959) dan Schulman (1975)).

Catatan bagi yang ingin menelisik lebih jauh: referensi utama dalam video dan podcast ini adalah gagasan-gagasan tentang kebijakan publik. Dua aspek terpenting adalah:

1. Tentang definisi dan cakupan kebijakan publik. Public policy is ... 

... about “the public and their problems” (Dewey, 1927) 

... “anything a government chooses to do or not to do” (Dye, 1972)

... an act or acts by the government to achieve a goal (Sharkansky, 1970) 

... a series of deliberate actions by an actor or groups of actors to solve a problem (Anderson, 1979; Lemay, 2002)

... a process or stream of processes by the government to address and solve public problems (Lester and Stewart, 1996)

... a governments act (Somit and Peterson, 2003) 

... a decision proposed by an individual, group, or government aiming at solving a problem (Friedrich, 2007)

... “a course of action adopted or created by the government in response to public problems” (Kraft and Furlong, 2018). 

2. Tentang pembuatan kebijakan, silakan lihat Laswell (1950), Meier (1991), Grindle and Thomas (1991),Bridgman and Davis (1998), Kingdon (1984), Baumgartner and Jones (1993, dikembangkan dari Lindblom (1959) dan Schulman (1975)).

Catatan bagi yang ingin menelisik lebih jauh: referensi utama dalam video dan podcast ini adalah gagasan-gagasan tentang kebijakan publik. Dua aspek terpenting adalah:

1. Tentang definisi dan cakupan kebijakan publik. Public policy is ... 

... about “the public and their problems” (Dewey, 1927) 

... “anything a government chooses to do or not to do” (Dye, 1972)

... an act or acts by the government to achieve a goal (Sharkansky, 1970) 

... a series of deliberate actions by an actor or groups of actors to solve a problem (Anderson, 1979; Lemay, 2002)

... a process or stream of processes by the government to address and solve public problems (Lester and Stewart, 1996)

... a governments act (Somit and Peterson, 2003) 

... a decision proposed by an individual, group, or government aiming at solving a problem (Friedrich, 2007)

... “a course of action adopted or created by the government in response to public problems” (Kraft and Furlong, 2018). 

2. Tentang pembuatan kebijakan, silakan lihat Laswell (1950), Meier (1991), Grindle and Thomas (1991),Bridgman and Davis (1998), Kingdon (1984), Baumgartner and Jones (1993, dikembangkan dari Lindblom (1959) dan Schulman (1975)).

NALAR adalah kanal pengetahuan yang menyampaikan informasi, pendapat, perspektif, dan sudut pandang tentang kejadian atau peristiwa dalam kehidupan publik dalam dimensi sosial, teknologi, ekonomi, ekologi, politik dan budaya.