Odie的英语课

情态动词也会变化，往回一个时态：
Will 变成 would
He said, ‘Jane will be late.’ 他说：“简会迟到。”
He said Jane would be late. 他说简会迟到。

“I will see him later.”  “我稍后会见到他。”
She said she would see him later. 她说她稍后会见到他。

Can 变成 could
“I can swim.” “我会游泳。”
She said she could swim. 她说她会游泳。

May 变成 might
“It may become colder over night.”
“夜里可能会变得更冷。”
She said it might become colder over night.
她说夜里可能会变得更冷。

如果直接引语用的是 would（将，会，要），could（能，可以，也许），might（可能，可以，也许）和 should（应该，将，会），变间接引语没有变化。

“You should speak more.”
“你应该多说话。”
She said I should speak more.
她说我应该多说话。
She said you should speak more.
她说你应该多说话。

请大家读一下上节课的句子 

I said, ‘I'm not very happy at work.’ 我说：“我工作不太开心。”

I told her I was not very happy at work. 我告诉她我工作不太开心。

They said: ‘We're going home.’ 他们说：“我们要回家了。”

They told us they were going home. 他们告诉我们他们要回家了。

He said, ‘Jane will be late.’ 他说：“简会迟到。”

He said Jane would be late. 他说简会迟到。

‘I've been working,’ she said. “我一直在工作。”她说。

She said she had been working. 她说她一直在工作。

‘What happened to make her so angry?’ he asked. “发生了什么事让她这么生气？”他问。

He asked what had happened to make her so angry. 他问发生了什么事让她这么生气。

下面我来说桑德Sandra拉说过的6句话（直接引语），请大家变成间接引语。用 She said... 她说……

① “I'm going swimming” —>

She said she was going swimming.

她说她要去游泳。

② “I haven't seen the film” —> 

She said she hadn't seen the film.

她说她没有看过这部电影。

③ “I have been working all morning” —>

She said she had been working all morning.

她说她整个上午都在工作。

④ “I was working all week” —>

She said she had been working all week.

她说她整个星期都在工作。

⑤ “He went on holiday to Greece” —>

She said he had gone on holiday to Greece.

她说他去希腊度假了。

Greece 希腊

⑥ “I hadn't seen him before” —>

She said she hadn't seen him before.

她说她以前没见过他。

时态变化
[直接引语] —> [间接引语]
一般现在时 —> 一般过去时
现在进行时 —> 过去进行时
现在完成时 —> 过去完成时
现在完成进行时 —> 过去完成进行时
一般过去时 —> 过去完成时
过去进行时 —> 过去完成进行时
过去完成时 —> 过去完成时 [无变化]
将来时 will —> 过去将来时 would

I said, ‘I'm not very happy at work.’
我说：“我工作不太开心。”
—> 
I told her I was not very happy at work.
我告诉她我工作不太开心。
I said I was not very happy at work.
我说我工作不太开心。

They said: ‘We're going home.’
他们说：“我们要回家了。”
—> 
They told us they were going home.
他们告诉我们他们要回家了。
They said they were going home.
他们说他们要回家了。

He said, ‘Jane will be late.’
他说：“简会迟到。”
—> 
He said Jane would be late.
他说简会迟到。

‘I've been working,’ she said.
“我一直在工作。”她说。
—> 
She said she had been working.
她说她一直在工作。

‘What happened to make her so angry?’ he asked.
“发生了什么让她这么生气？”他问。
happen 动词，发生
make (somebody) angry 让（某人）生气，使（某人）生气
—> 
He asked what had happened to make her so angry.*
他问发生了什么让她这么生气。
*疑问句间接引语的结尾不用问号。

direct speech 直接引语

indirect speech 间接引语

speech 言语，说话，谈话

direct 形容词，直接的

indirect 间接的 

词头in-（加在形容词及由形容词转化而来的词前）不，无，非 

桑德拉对迈克说：

Sandra says to Mike: 

（say 动词，说，讲。第三人称单数 says，过去式 said）

“我的工作很有意思。”

“My job is very interesting.” [这句是直接引语 direct speech]

后来，迈克把这个话说给朋友Sarah：

桑德拉说她的工作很有意思。

Sandra said (that) her job was interesting. [这句是间接引语 indirect speech]

‘I'm tired,’ I said. [直接引语 direct speech]

我说：“我累了。”

I told them (that) I was tired. [间接引语 indirect speech]

我告诉他们我累了。

1）英语中，直接引语使用的引号可以是双引号，也可以是单引号。

2）XX说，可以出现在引号内容的前面或是后面。

3）时态会发生变化：

“My job is very interesting” 变成 She said that her job was very interesting.

‘I'm tired,’ 变成 I told them (that) I was tired.

通常时态会往后退，变成各种过去时态。

As 和 like 可以混用的例子，意思都是“像……一样”。Like 比 as 稍微更非正式一些。
Nobody understands him as I do.
Nobody understands him like I do.
没有人像我一样理解他。
understand 动词，理解，明白

[as...as...]
I can't run as fast as you. 我跑得没你快。

used to 过去经常，曾经……
我跑得没有我以前那么快了。
I can't run as fast as I used to. 

Do as I do.
像我做的那样做。/ 照我做的做。

As 还有一些固定搭配：
as you know 像你（们）知道的那样，如你（们）所知
as you requested 按照您（你）的要求（request 动词，要求，请求）
as we agreed 就像我们说好的那样，正如我们所达成一致的（agree 动词，同意，达成一致）

As 和 like 在“像……一样”这个意思上很相似，口语里经常混用。此外，as 还有一个很常用的意思：

as 作为……

He works as a teacher.

他是一名老师。

He worked for a long time as a teacher in Africa.

他在非洲当了很长一段时间的老师。

X 不能说 work like a teacher X

① As your father, I'll help you as much as I can.

② Like your father, I'll help you as much as I can.

.

.

.

① As your father, I'll help you as much as I can.

作为你的父亲，我会尽我所能帮助你。[说话人就是听的人的父亲]

② Like your father, I'll help you as much as I can. 

像你的父亲一样，我会尽我所能帮助你。[说话人并不是听话人的父亲，但希望像父亲一样]

as much as I can 尽我所能

as + 名词 作为 

like + 名词 像……一样，用一样的方式，类似于…… 

还可以使用 look like 进行预测。

It looks like it's going to rain.
看来要下雨了。
复习：<第944课> it's going to rain 使用 be going to 表示说话人看到证据（如乌云）推测会下雨，如不一定有实质证据常用 will 或 might —> it will/might rain。

She looks like she's going to cry.
她看起来要哭了。

He looks like he's about to go on holiday.
他看起来好像马上要去度假了。
be about to（+ 动词原形）马上就要，眼看就要

It looks like it will be a great year for the company.
看起来对公司来说这将是伟大的一年。

be like  

用于外貌以及性格的相似

look like 

用于外貌（身体特征）上的相似

He looks like Father Christmas.

他长得像圣诞老人。

Father Christmas [英国]圣诞老人（美国叫 Santa Claus）

You look just like your mother!

你长得真像你妈妈！

That powdered sugar looks like snow.

那个糖粉像雪一样。

powdered sugar 糖粉（powder 动词，使…粉末，把…磨成粉。也作名词，粉，粉末）

如果想要询问一个人是什么样的人，比如好不好相处？

What's she like?

她是什么样的人？

如果想要问一个人的外貌，比如高矮胖瘦？

What does she look like? 

她长什么样？

如果想知道一个人像谁，无论是外貌上还是性格上，比如是像妈妈还是像爸爸？

Who is she like? 

她像谁？

注意：be like 和 look like 不能混在一起用，不能说 I'm look like 或 She's look like...

like 和 as

I'm like my sister. 我像我姐姐。（I like my sister. 我喜欢我姐姐。）

Like my sister, I have brown eyes. 和我姐姐一样，我眼睛是棕色的/我有棕色的眼睛。

like

喜欢，喜爱；（在社交媒体上）点赞；像……，和……相似

She's like her sister. 

她和她姐姐很像。[外貌或性格相似]

He looks like his brother.

他长得像他哥哥。[外貌相似]

I'm like my sister. We both have brown eyes.

我像我姐姐。我们都是棕色的眼睛。

I'm just like my sister. I hate it when people are rude.

我和我姐姐一样。我讨厌人们粗鲁没有礼貌。

rude 不礼貌的，粗鲁的

be like 像

可以用于外貌以及性格的相似

twice 两倍
twice as...as... 像…的两倍…

She's twice as old as me.
她的年纪比我大一倍。/ 她的年纪是我的两倍。

The state is twice as big as England.
这个州是英格兰的两倍大。
state （美国、澳大利亚、德国等）州，邦

除了 twice as big as...（面积、体积）是…两倍大
twice as old as... 年纪是…的两倍
也常会说 
twice as good as... 是…的两倍好
twice as hard as... 是…的两倍困难

half 一半，半个
half as...as... 像…的一半…

She's half as old as me.
她的年纪只是我的一半。

The state is half as big as England.
这个州是英格兰的一半大。

He's half as interesting as you.
他只有你一半有趣。
as interesting as you 像你一样有趣
half as interesting as you 像你一半有趣，（只）有你一半有趣

He's half as good as you.
他只有你一半好。