Odie的英语课

Odie的英语课

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Odie的英语课 episodes

  • Odie的英语课 987 Grammar | Conditional sentences 6

    下面三句中的条件都是“天气转好 the weather improves”,哪一句是有可能的(第一条件句),哪一句是不太可能的(第二条件句),哪一句是完全不可能的(第三条件句)?

    improve 改进,改善 = get better


    ① If the weather improves, we'll go for a walk. 

    ② If the weather improved, we could go for a walk.

    ③ If the weather had improved, we could have gone for a walk.

    .

    .

    .

    ① If the weather improves, we'll go for a walk. 

    如果天气转好,我们就去散步。(天气有可能会好转。第一条件句)


    ② If the weather improved, we could go for a walk. 

    如果天气转好,我们可以去散步。(天气不太可能好转。第二条件句)


    ③ If the weather had improved, we could have gone for a walk.

    如果天气变好,我们本可以去散步的。(天气没有好转,天气好转是不可能的假设条件。第三条件句)


    总结:

    第一条件句 有可能

    If + 一般现在时,+ will/would/can/could/may/might/should  

    第二条件句 不太可能

    If + 一般过去时,+ would/could/might/should

    第三条件句 不可能

    If + 过去完成时,+ would/might/could + have done

    0条件句 当事情总是这样

    If you heat ice, it melts. 如果你加热冰,冰就会融化。

    If + 一般现在时,+ 一般现在时

    If 可以用 when 替换。



    Odie的英语课暂时播到这里,主播要去休息一下。感谢大家这三年的收听,请继续学习,不断进步!(\(^o^)/)


    7 min
  • Odie的英语课 986 Grammar | Conditional sentences 5

    The third conditional 

    第三条件句

    第三条件句中 if 从句中的内容是没有发生的,所以主句里的内容也是不可能发生的。
    比如我没有复习,考试没及格。如果我复习了,我考试就会及格了。
    常使用第三条件句想象一个(和已经发生的现实)不同的结果。

    [从句] If + 过去完成时(had done),[主句] + would,might,could + have done

    revise 动词,复习(过去分词 revised)
    pass my exam 通过考试 
    If I had revised, I would have passed my exam.
    如果我复习了,我就会通过考试的。
    * 我没有复习,考试没有及格。

    If I had played better, I would have won. 
    如果我打得更好,我就会赢的。
    win 获胜,赢(过去分词 won)
    * 我打得不好,没有赢。(I didn’t play well and I didn’t win.)

    If we had gone out earlier, we might have got to the cinema on time.
    如果我们早点出去(出门),我们本可以准时到电影院的。
    go out earlier 早一点出去(go 的过去分词 gone)
    get to the cinema 到电影院
    on time 准时

    6 min
  • Odie的英语课 985 Grammar | Conditional sentences 4

    The second conditional 

    第二条件句

    在第二条件句中,if 从句中的内容是不太可能发生的。

    [从句] If + 过去时态,[主句] + would,could,might 或 should

    pay rise 加薪,涨工资(美语 pay raise)
    If I got a pay rise, I would buy a new car.
    如果我加薪,我会买一辆新车。
    * 我不太可能加薪。这是第二条件句,
    如果我很有可能加薪,就说 If I get a pay rise, I will buy a new car. 第一条件句。

    If you left your job, you could travel around the world.
    如果你辞职,你可以周游世界。
    leave your job 辞职
    * 你不太可能会辞职。

    If I was the president, I would change some laws.
    如果我是总统,我会修改一些法律。
    * 我知道我不会成为总统,这是假设,我在总统的位置上会怎么样。
    关于“如果我是……” 美国英语会说“if I were...”,英国英语是更常说“if I was...”


    7 min
  • Odie的英语课 984 Grammar | Conditional sentences 3

    The first conditional 

    第一条件句


    当我们想说某个将来可能的情况[从句内容],以及它的结果[主句内容],就用第一条件句。


    [从句] If + 现在时态,[主句] + will/would,can/could,may/might 或 should  


    If I get the job in London, I'll be pretty happy.

    如果我得到那个在伦敦的工作,我会很高兴的。


    If I am late, I will call you.

    如果我迟到了,我会给你打电话。


    If the taxi doesn't come soon, I'll drive you myself.

    如果出租车不快点来,我就自己开车送你。

    drive 开车送


    5 min
  • Odie的英语课 983 Grammar | Conditional sentences 2

    条件句分为:

    The zero conditional 0条件句

    The first conditional 第一条件句

    The second conditional 第二条件句

    The third conditional 第三条件句


    The zero conditional 

    0条件句


    If you heat ice, it melts.

    如果你加热冰,冰就会融化。

    melt 动词,融化,熔化,溶解

    = When you heat ice, it melts.

    当总是有这样的结果时,我们就叫0条件句。

    0条件句中的 if 可以用 when 替换。

    0条件句的主句和从句的时态通常都是一般现在时。

    0条件句的主句就没有 will,can 等情态动词。


    If I can't sleep, I listen to the radio. 

    如果我睡不着,我就听收音机。

    = When I can't sleep, I listen to the radio.


    5 min
  • Odie的英语课 982 Grammar | Conditional sentences 1

    conditional sentences

    条件句

    conditional 有条件的,[语法]条件句的

    condition 条件,状况 + 后缀-al ……的,与……有关的


    最常见的条件句是 if(如果)条件句。

    条件句由一个条件从句和一个主句组成:

    If I get the job in London, I'll be pretty happy.

    如果我得到这个在伦敦的工作,我会很高兴的。

    条件句一半是 if 引导的从句,另一半会有 will、can、may 等情态动词。


    至于顺序,条件从句可以在前,也可以在后。在前面的情况比较多,用逗号隔开从句和主句。如果条件从句在后半句就不需要逗号。


    We'll have the party in the garden if it doesn't rain.

    如果不下雨,我们就在花园里办派对。


    这句话也可以用 as long as 只要……

    We'll have the party in the garden as long as it doesn't rain. 

    只要不下雨,我们就在花园里办派对。


    6 min
  • Odie的英语课 981 Grammar | Passive sentences 8

    被动态 be + 动词过去分词


    be 各个时态的变化

    一般现在时 – am / are / is

    现在进行时 – is being / are being

    现在完成时 – has been / have been

    一般过去时 – was / were

    过去进行时 – was being / were being

    情态动词 will, can 等 – will be, can be 等


    [一般现在时]

    Am I invited too?

    我也被邀请了吗?


    [现在进行时]

    Am I being recorded?

    我正在被录音吗?


    [现在完成时]

    He's been hurt.

    他被伤害了。/他受伤了。


    [一般过去时]

    房间里有几个箱子,但我们不知道箱子里有什么。(We didn't know what was in the boxes.) 

    They weren't label(l)ed.

    它们没有(被)贴标签。

    label 动词,贴标签


    [过去进行时]

    They were being watched carefully.

    他们正在被仔细观察。


    [情态动词]

    Reservations can be accepted up to 24 hours before arrival.

    提前至少24小时预约。

    reservation(s) 名词,预订,预约

    up to 最多,最高

    arrival 名词,抵达,到达(arrive 动词,抵达,到达)

    up to 24 hours before arrival 不超过(不晚于*)抵达前24小时

    * 这里是从距离“抵达前24小时”更早的时间点来讲,所以up to可以说成“不晚于”。“Up to”的基础意思是“最多,最高”,但在不同语境里会相应翻译成不同的中文。


    9 min
  • Odie的英语课 980 Grammar | Passive sentences 7

    英语通常把重要的内容在句子前面,把ta当作主语,但这不是绝对的。
    也可以把重要部分放在句子最后,加强语气,起到突出强调的作用。


    朋友来我家作客,看到我家有一把椅子很好看。

    A:That's a lovely chair.

    B:Yes, it's very old. It was given to me by my grandmother.

    A:那把椅子真漂亮。
    B:它有年头了,是我奶奶给我的。

    * 用“椅子”(对话中已经出现的事物)做主语,在句子后面加上 by my grandmother(想要突出的部分),加重语气,强调椅子是奶奶给我的。


    I was made to feel very welcome by everyone.
    大家/每个人都很欢迎我。
    make 使……成为,使得……,让…… 
    * 这句话的重点是 by everyone 大家,每个人(都)”
    如果用 everyone 做主语,这样说:
    Everyone made me feel very welcome.

    5 min
  • Odie的英语课 979 Grammar | Passive sentences 6

    如果动词带两个宾语,要变成被动句的话,该用哪个宾语呢?
    哪个宾语都可以,都能成为被动句的主语,取决于我们想强调哪一个宾语。

    Her mother gave each child a present. [主动]
    她的妈妈给了每一个孩子一个礼物。
    给,送给 give - gave - given
    A present was given to each child (by her mother). [被动]
    (她的妈妈)给了每个孩子一个礼物。/ 礼物送给了每一个孩子。
    * 这句话重点是 a present
    Each child was given a present (by her mother). [被动]
    (她的妈妈)给了每个孩子一个礼物。/ 每个孩子都得到一个礼物。
    * 这句话重点是 each child

    练习一下~
    The doctor gave me a prescription.
    医生给我开了处方。
    变被动 —>
    (1)以“我”为重点(“我”要从宾格 me 变为主格 I)
    I was given a prescription (by the doctor).
    (2)以“处方”为重点
    A prescription was given to me (by the doctor).

    8 min
  • Odie的英语课 978 Grammar | Passive sentences 5

    有一些动词被动态比主动态更加常用,比如:be born 出生
    Where were you born?
    你出生在哪里?
    I was born in...
    我出生在……

    表示转述的动词,如:say(说),believe(相信,认为),think(想,认为),consider(认为,考虑),find(发现),我们常用这些词的被动态来创造一种距离感,表示客观陈述,而非主观表达。
    In some cultures blowing your nose in public is considered impolite.
    在某些文化中,在公共场合擤鼻子被认为是不礼貌的。
    culture(s) 文化
    blow your nose 擤鼻子(blow 吹,刮(风),吹奏)
    in public 在公共场合
    impolite 不礼貌的,粗鲁的(表示否定的词头im- + polite)
    Police are looking for a man in his 30s. He is believed to be dangerous.

    警方正在找一个30多岁的男性。他(被认为)是个危险人物。
    a man in his 30s 一个30多岁的男性

    也有一些词不常用被动态,当我们描述状态时通常不用被动态(状态动词),比如:
    They were having lunch.
    他们正在吃午饭。
    X 不说Lunch was being had. 午饭正在被吃。X

    6 min

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