Odie的英语课

Odie的英语课

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Odie的英语课 episodes

  • Odie的英语课 977 Grammar | Passive sentences 4

    上节课讲想要改变句子的焦点时可以变换句子的形态,把主动句变成被动句。

    此外,当我们不知道动作是谁做的,作用者是谁,又或者作用者是谁不重要,又或者是我们不想说出作用者是谁,是谁做的,又或者作用者大家都知道时,这些情况也会使用被动句。

    My bicycle has been stolen.
    我的自行车被偷了。
    (我不知道是谁偷的。)
    stolen 的原形是 steal   

    *不规则动词的过去时过去分词可以复习<第948课>

    He was arrested.
    他被逮捕了。
    (我们都知道警察逮捕人,所以不用说“by the police”)
    arrest 动词,逮捕,拘留

    I was given a prescription.
    我被给了个处方。—> 给我开了个处方。
    (我们都知道只有医生能开处方,所以不用加上“by the doctor”)

    The lights were left on all night.
    灯开了一晚上。
    left 的原形是 leave,leave 离开,离去;遗忘,落;留下,剩下;保持(某种状态),保留

    leave on 让……开着 
    leave the lights on 让灯开着 
    变被动—> the lights were left on 灯(被)开着
    all night 整夜,整晚
    (我不想说是你让灯开了一晚上)
    放在情景里,比如我早上发现屋里灯开了一整晚,知道是室友忘记关灯了。如果用主动句(加个主语you ):You left the lights on all night. 你开了一晚上灯。这样听起来太直接,语气太强,像是指责对方。为了避免这种语气,又想提醒对方,就可以使用被动句:The lights were left on all night. 灯开了一晚上。言外之意是你忘记关灯了。


    7 min
  • Odie的英语课 976 Grammar | Passive sentences 3

    什么时候使用被动态?


    基本规则:

    说和写多用主动态,但在正式写作(如学术论文、科技文章等)中,需要强调过程和结果的时候(而不是谁做的),更多使用被动态。


    In this study, children's eye movements were recorded while they listened to a series of messages.

    在这项研究中,孩子们在听一系列信息时的眼球运动被记录下来。/ 

    这项研究记录了孩子们在听一系列信息时的眼球运动。

    study 名词,(专题)研究

    movement(s) 名词,动,移动,运动,活动(move + 后缀-ment)

    were(be) recorded 被记录,record 动词,记录,记载,录音,录像

    while ……的时候,同时

    a series of 一系列,一连串(series 是单数)


    除了正式写作,平时常用被动句的几种情况:

    我们可以通过改变句式来变换句子的焦点。比如,想要强调句子的宾语(宾语比主语更重要)时,使用被动句。


    Our beautiful designs are created by a team of experts.

    我们漂亮的设计是由一支专家团队创作的。

    design 名词,设计

    create 动词,创作,创造

    expert(s) 专家,行家

    * 这句话的重点是 our beautiful designs 我们漂亮的设计,具体是谁设计的不是这句话要表达的重点。如果用主动句“一支专家团队创作了我们漂亮的设计。A team of experts created our beautiful designs.”重点就变成了“A team of experts 一支专家团队”。


    8 min
  • Odie的英语课 975 Grammar | Passive sentences 2

    被动句格式
    be + 动词过去分词

    I was told by Sarah [被动,一般过去时]
    Your zodiac sign is decided by your birth year. [被动,一般现在时]

    被动句和(相同句子的)主动句的时态一样,比如都是一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时,等等。

    Edward Barnes designed these houses in the 1880s. [主动]
    爱德华·巴恩斯在19世纪80年代设计了这些房子。
    * 这句话的重点是主语Edward Barnes爱德华·巴恩斯,即谁设计的房子。
    These houses were designed in the 1880s. [被动,没有作用者]
    这些房子是在19世纪80年代设计的。
    These houses were designed in the 1880s by Edward Barnes. [被动 + by + 作用者]
    这些房子是由爱德华·巴恩斯于19世纪80年代设计的。
    * 这两句话的重点是主语these houses,即动作所作用的人或物。

    press 动词,按,压,推,挤(press the button 按这个按钮),榨(果汁),挤
    名词,出版社
    publish 动词,出版,发表,公布
    Cambridge University Press published this book. [主动]
    剑桥大学出版社出版了这本书。
    This book was published by Cambridge University Press. [被动]
    这本书由剑桥大学出版社出版。

    9 min
  • Odie的英语课 974 Grammar | Passive sentences 1

    passive sentence 被动句
    passive 被动语态的;被动的,顺从的,消极的
    <—> active 主动语态的;主动的,积极的,活跃的
    active sentence 主动句

    ① Sarah told me 
    ② I was told by Sarah 

    ① Sarah told me [主动] 莎拉告诉了我 
    主语:Sarah | 谓语:told(tell) | 宾语:me 我
    这句话的重点是主语Sarah,做这件事的人。

    ② I was told by Sarah [被动] 我被莎拉告诉 / 莎拉告诉了我 
    主语:I 我(刚才的宾语me变成了主语I)| 谓语:was told 被告诉,被告知

    通常被动句里有 by... 由…,后面是做这事的人,它相对不重要,有时候是不知道,就没有by... 
    这句话的重点是主语 I,我被告诉(告知)了。

    Your zodiac sign is decided by your birth year. [被动] 

    生肖是由你出生的年份决定的。
    这句话的重点是主语 your zodiac sign。
    变成主动句 —>
    Your birth year decides your zodiac sign. [主动]
    你的出生年份决定你的生肖。
      
    The doctor gave me a prescription.
    医生给我开了处方。
    prescription 处方,药方
    I was given a prescription.
    我得到了处方。/ 给我开了处方。

    7 min
  • Odie的英语课 973 What is your zodiac sign?



    What is your zodiac sign? 

    你属什么?/ 你的生肖是什么?
    My zodiac sign is Rooster. 

    我属鸡。/ 我的生肖是鸡。 

    Your zodiac sign is decided by your birth year.
    生肖是由你出生的年份决定的。
    be decided by... 由……决定
    decide 动词,决定,确定

    Which zodiac is the luckiest in 2023?
    2023年哪个生肖/属相最幸运?
    The top 3 luckiest zodiac signs are the Ox, Snake, and Dog in the Year of the Rabbit 2023.
    在2023兔年最幸运的三个生肖/属相是牛、蛇、狗。

    Happy Chinese New Year!

    5 min
  • Odie的英语课 972 The 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs

    又要春节(Chinese New Year / Spring Festival)了!

    zodiac signs 生肖
    (zodiac 黄道带,十二宫图,生肖)

    十二生肖(zodiac signs / zadiac animals / animal signs):
    Rat / Mouse 鼠
    Ox 牛
    Tiger 虎
    Rabbit 兔
    Dragon 龙
    Snake 蛇
    Horse 马
    Goat 羊
    Monkey 猴
    Rooster 鸡
    Dog 狗
    Pig 猪

    (the) year of the Tiger
    (the) year of the Rabbit
    ……

    2023 is the year of the Rabbit.
    2022 is the year of the Tiger.
    2024 is the year of the Dragon.
    ……



    6 min
  • Odie的英语课 971 Grammar | Direct speech and indirect speech 8

    特殊疑问句(who, what, when, where, why, how)转述后的句子也不再是疑问句,而是陈述句。

    ‘What are you doing?’
    Mike asked us what we were doing.
    迈克问我们在做什么。
    错误XMike asked us what were we doing?X错误

    ‘What's the time?’
    I asked Mike what the time was.
    我问迈克几点了。

    ‘Where is the bus station?’
    I asked Mike where the bus station was. 
    我问迈克公共汽车站在哪儿。

    I asked them who came to meet them at the airport. 
    我问他们谁来机场接他们。
    —>‘Who came to meet you at the airport?’ 

    ‘How do you want to do the activity?’
    The teacher asked them how they wanted to do the activity. 
    老师问他们想怎么做这个活动。

    8 min
  • Odie的英语课 970 Grammar | Direct speech and indirect speech 7

    转述疑问句

    是非疑问句(yes-no questions)以及选择式疑问句,转述时需要用 if 或者 whether(是否,if 更常用)。

    而且,转述后的句子不再是疑问句,而是陈述句。


    ‘Are you Scottish?’

    “你是苏格兰人吗?”

    I asked if she was Scottish. 

    我问她是不是苏格兰人。


    ‘Do you want a table near the window?’

    “你们想要靠窗的桌子吗?”

    The waiter asked whether we wanted a table near the window. 

    服务员问我们要不要靠窗的桌子。


    ‘Did you come by train or by bus?’

    “你是坐火车(地铁)还是坐公共汽车来的?”

    He asked me if I had come by train or by bus. 

    他问我是坐火车(地铁)还是坐公共汽车来的。


    7 min
  • Odie的英语课 969 Grammar | Direct speech and indirect speech 6

    我和Sandra说:

    ‘I'll meet you here tomorrow.’
    “我明天在这儿和你见面。”
    过了一个星期,我在另一个地方,和别的朋友转述和Sandra的这个约定:
    I told her I would meet her there the next/following day.
    我告诉她我第二天会在那儿和她见面。
    next 下一个的
    following 接着的,之后的
    the next/following day 第二天,后面的一天

    转述时(变间接引语)时间变化了,地点也可能变化了,那么所使用的表示时间、地点的副词(here,tomorrow等),还有代词(this,that )也会发生变化:
    here —> there
    this —> that
    these —> those
    now —> then

    today —> that day
    tomorrow —> the next day / the following day / the day after
    yesterday —> the day before
    last week —> the week before
    two weeks ago —> two weeks before
    next week —> the week after


    ‘I'll meet you here tomorrow.’“我明天在这儿和你见面。”
    I told her I would meet her there the next/following day. 我告诉她我第二天会在那儿和她见面。


    He said, “I want it now.”
    他说:“我现在就要。”
    He said he wanted it then/at that moment.
    他说他当时就想要。

    ‘I do not wish to discuss it at this moment in time.’
    “我现在不想讨论这个问题。”
    wish to do 想要(做……)[正式]
    at this moment in time 此时此刻,在这个时候,现在
    She said she did not wish to discuss it at that moment in time.
    她说她不想在那个时候讨论这个问题。
    at that moment in time 在那个时候,在那个时刻

    10 min
  • Odie的英语课 968 Grammar | Direct speech and indirect speech 5

    间接引语不改变时态的情况

    如果说的事情仍然还没有发生,即转述时还没有发生,可能转述时间距离原话说的时间不长,说的内容还是事实,那么时态就不会往回退,不会变成过去时态。一般是原话是将来时,或是一般现在时,现在进行时,或现在完成时,会有时态不发生变化的情景。


    He told me his brother works for an Italian company. 
    他告诉我他哥哥在一家意大利公司工作。
    [说明转述时他哥哥仍然在这家意大利公司工作,这仍然是事实。如果是 He told me his brother worked for an Italian company 说明转述时他的哥哥已经不在这家公司工作了。]

    She said she's getting married next year.
    她说她明年就要结婚了。

    she's getting = she is getting
    [说明这句话的说话时间是“this year今年”,她还没有结婚,所以时态不发生变化。如果说话时间已经是“next year下一年”或更晚,时态就要变成过去时 She said she was getting married next year. 她说她下一年就要结婚了。]

    He said he's finished painting the door.
    他说他已经把门漆好了。

    he's finished = he has finished
    finish (+ doing) 动词,完成,完结,结束
    paint 动词,刷油漆;(用颜料)画,绘
    [说明他可能是刚刚、很短时间之前说的话。如果是几天前或更早说的就要把时态变为过去完成时了 He said he had finished...]

    She promised she'll help us.
    她答应会帮助我们。
    promise 动词,承诺,保证,答应
    [说明这一承诺也适用于(转述的说话时间之后的)未来。]

    8 min

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