526 复习

What's that thing over there? 那边的是什么东西？

I don't eat sweet things. 我不吃甜食。

I have too many things to do. 我有太多事情要做。

Stuff 比 thing 更口语，更日常。

What's that thing over there? 那边的是什么东西？

把 thing 换成 stuff —> 

What's that stuff over there? 

（这里的）这个东西是什么？—> 

What's this stuff (here)?

* 注意：要去掉 over there 那边。This 一般不和 there 一起用。

再加个形容词，比如“黑黑的” black —> 

What's this black stuff?

这个黑黑的东西是什么？

I have too many things to do. 我有太多事情要做。

把 thing(s) 换成 stuff —> 

I have too many stuff to do.

* 注意：stuff是不可数的，不加s。

请问大家：上面这句话对吗？

正确的应是 —> I have too much stuff to do.

再加上“我得走了。”I have to go. —>

I have too much stuff to do. I have to go. 

我有太多事情要做。我得走了。

再加上“现在（我得走了。）”I have to go now. —>

I have too much stuff to do. I have to go now. 

我有太多事情要做。我现在得走了。

把这个句子换成现在完成时 —>  

I've got too much stuff to do. I have to go now.

我有太多事情要做。现在我得走了。

去掉“太多”too much —> 

I've got stuff to do. I have to go now.

我还有事情要做。我现在得走了。

* 这句话如果想用 thing 的话，不能直接用 thing 替换 stuff，因为 thing 是可数名词，前面要有冠词，说 I've got something to do. 比较自然。

我（还）有事情要做。

I've got stuff to do.     

I've got something to do.

521~525 复习

vague language 模糊语言

vague expressions 模糊表达，模糊词语

There are about twenty people at the meeting. 会议大约有二十人。

-ish 用在日期、时间、年龄后面，大约，差不多，接近 

我们将在7点钟左右开始。We'll start at sevenish.

她五十岁上下。She's fiftyish.

more or less 或多或少，大约；差不多，几乎；主要，大体

We've been living here for more or less five years. 我们住在这儿五年左右。

The project is more or less a success. 这个项目大体上是成功的。

He more or less admitted he'd done it. 他差不多算是承认是他做的。

kind/sort of 有点儿，稍微

It's kind/sort of cold in here. 这里有点儿冷。

It's kind/sort of bright in here. 这里有点儿亮。

I'm kind/sort of jealous. 我有点儿嫉妒。

There's kind/sort of something I don't like about her. 她有些地方我不太喜欢。

thing 和 stuff

两个都非常常用的名词，都可以指东西或事情。

thing，可数名词，口语里用得比书面多。

stuff，不可数名词，比thing随意，不用于书面语/正式语。

thing 东西，物体

What's that thing over there?

那边的是什么东西？

I don't eat sweet things.

= I don't eat sweet food).

我不吃甜食。

请大家和我读三遍

What's that thing over there?

I don't eat sweet things.

thing 事情，想法，事件，行为

I have too many things to do.

我有太多事情要做。

请大家和我读三遍

I have too many things to do.

thing 人，家伙，东西（人或动物，带有疼爱怜悯的感情）

前面第234课<聊天回应：表示同情> 学过（你）真可怜！Poor you! / You poor thing.

524 复习

The project is more or less a success. 这个项目大体上是成功的。

He more or less admitted he'd done it. 他差不多算是承认是他做的。

kind of / sort of

有点儿，稍微

kind of（美国多用），sort of（英国多用）

前几节课出现的句子：

It's kind/sort of cold in here. 这里有点儿冷。

换个形容词

bright 明亮的，发亮的；鲜艳的

—> It's bright in here. 这里很亮。

It's kind of bright in here. 

这里有点儿亮。

请大家和我读三遍

It's kind of bright in here.

再来个例子： 

jealous 嫉妒的，妒忌的

I'm jealous. 我（很）嫉妒。

I'm kind of jealous. 

我有点儿嫉妒。

请大家和我读三遍

I'm kind of jealous. 

There's sort of something I don't like about her. 

她有些地方我不太喜欢。

请大家和我读三遍

There's sort of something I don't like about her. 

523 复习

We've been living here for more or less five years. 我们住在这儿五年多了。

It's 100 kilos, more or less. 大约有100公斤。

more or less

① 主要，大体上

这个项目大体上是成功的。

项目，任务，计划，课题 project 

成功 success

这个项目是成功的。The project is a success.

加上 more or less “大体上”—>

The project is more or less a success.

请大家和我读三遍

The project is more or less a success.

② 几乎，差不多

他差不多算是承认是他做的。

承认，供认 admit 

他做了。 He had done it./ He did it. 

他承认是他做的。He admitted he'd done it.（he'd = he had）

加上 more or less “差不多算是，几乎是”—>

He more or less admitted he'd done it.

请大家和我读三遍

He more or less admitted he'd done it.

522 复习

我们将在7点钟左右开始。We'll start at sevenish(= about seven o'clock).

我们4点左右会见维罗妮卡。We're meeting Veronica at fourish(= about four o'clock). 

她五十岁上下。She's fiftyish(= about fifty years old).

more or less

或多或少，大约；差不多，几乎；主要，大体

more 更，更多的

less 更少的

请大家和我读

more or less

比如，我们在现在的房子住了5年3个月，如果我不需要说得那么准确，就可以说：

We've been living here for more or less five years. 

我们住在这儿五年多了。

如果要准确地说：We've been living here for five years and three months.

请大家和我读

We've been living here for more or less five years. 

现在问大家，请回答：

How long have you been living here?

你（们）在这里住了多久了？

how long 多久，多长时间

前几天有朋友问我，亚洲象刚出生时有多重，我想了想，说：

It's 100 kilos, more or less.

大约有100公斤。

kilo(s) 千克，公斤 = kilogram

体重，重量 weight（第477,478课）

521 复习

vague language 模糊语言

vague expressions 模糊表达，模糊词语

There are about twenty people at the meeting. 会议大约有二十人。

这节课我们来学一个后缀：

-ish

用在数字，像日期，时间，年龄后面，意思和about很像，表示“大约，接近，近似”。

比如：

我们将在7点钟左右开始。

我们将要开始 we will start

在……点钟 at

7点钟 seven o'clock

在7点钟左右 at about seven o'clock = at sevenish

我们将在7点钟左右开始。

We'll start at sevenish.

= We'll start at about seven o'clock.

请大家跟和读一下

We'll start at sevenish.

We'll start at about seven o'clock.

又如：

我们4点左右会见维罗妮卡（Veronica）。

我们会见维罗妮卡 we are meeting Veronica

在4点钟左右 at about four o'clock = at fourish

我们4点左右会见维罗妮卡

We're meeting Veronica at fourish. 

= We're meeting Veronica at about four o'clock. 

请大家和我读一下

We're meeting Veronica at fourish. 

We're meeting Veronica at about four o'clock. 

她五十岁左右。

She's about fifty.

= She's fiftyish.

请大家和我读一下

She's fiftyish.

She's about fifty.

516~520 复习

① 朋友来我家做客，问我bottle opener（开瓶器，起子）在哪儿，我说：

在那儿。—> There it is.

在这儿。—> Here it is. 

我手里正拿着起子，递给ta，说：

给你。—> Here you are. / Here. / Here you go. 

② 学校组织去秋游，大多数人都到了，有几个人很晚才到，见到他们我说：

你们来了。—> Here you are.

我们还以为你们不会来了！We thought you'd never come!

③ 下午公司开会，brainstorming（头脑风暴），中间我建议大家休息一下喝杯咖啡，就说：

现在我们休息一下喝杯咖啡好吗？—> Shall we break here and have a coffee? 

④ 办公室里的打印机不打印了，同事找我帮忙，我修好了，有种小满足小得意，就说：

你瞧，我（终于）把它弄好了。—> There, I've (finally) got it working. 

here and there 到处，各处；零散地，零星地

房间里各处散放着几本书。There are a few books here and there in the room. 

他只是到处看看。He just looked here and there. 

她说话声音太轻，我只零星听到一两个词。She spoke so softly that I only caught a word here and there. 

这节课开始，我们来学习：

vague language 模糊语言

vague expressions 模糊表达，模糊词语

vague 模糊的，不清楚的，不明确的

language 语言

expression(s) 表达，表示；词，词语，措词

请大家和我读

vague language

vague expressions

很常用的像是 大约，大概 about：

会议大约有二十人。

There are about twenty people at the meeting.

除了数字，我们还常用 有点儿 kind of（美国）/ sort of（英国）来修饰形容词或副词：

这里面很冷。It's cold in here.

这里有点儿冷。It's kind of cold in here.

519 复习

There, it's finished. 好了，结束了。

There, I've finally got it working. 你瞧，我终于把它弄好了。

here and there

到处，各处；零散地，零星地

比如：
(In the room) There are a few books here and there.
（房间里）散放着几本书。

请大家和我读三遍
There are a few books here and there.

He just looked here and there.
他只是到处看看。

请大家和我读三遍
He just looked here and there.

She spoke so softly that I only caught a word here and there.
spoke 的原形是 speak 说（话），讲（话）
softly 副词，轻轻地，轻柔地，轻声地，温柔地，柔和地（soft 形容词，温柔的，柔和的，软的）
so...that... 太……以致于……
caught 的原形是 catch 动词，听见，听到；抓住，捉住
word 字，词

她说话太轻/小声，我只零星听到一两个词。

518 复习

here 现在，这时

Here it's morning already. 现在已经是早上了。

Shall we break here and have a coffee? 现在我们休息一下喝杯咖啡好吗？

there

（感叹词）表示满足、赞同、同情等

好了，好啦，你瞧……

There, it's finished.

好了，结束了。

finished 完成的，结束的（finish 动词，完成，结束）

请大家和我读三遍

There, it's finished.

There, I've finally got it working.

你瞧，我终于把它弄好了。

finally 终于，最后（final 形容词，最后的，最终的。名词，决赛；期末考试，结业考试）

get (something) working 把……弄好   

get 促使，使得

work 运转，运行（It isn't working. 它坏了。/ 它不运转了。）

请大家和我读三遍

There, I've finally got it working.

517 复习

Here you are! We thought you'd never come! 你们来了！我们还以为你们不会来了！

A: Could you pass the sugar, please? 请把糖递过来好吗？

B: Here you are. 给你。

here you are / here you go / here 给你（把某物递给某人时说）

here

现在，这时

= now

Here it's morning already.

现在已经是早上了。

请大家和我读三遍

Here it's morning already.

—> 现在已经9点了。

Here it's nine o'clock already.

Shall we break here and have a coffee?

现在我们休息一下喝杯咖啡好吗？

break 动词，暂停，休息（break也可以当名词的“暂停，休息”，a coffee/tea break 喝咖啡/茶的休息时间）

Shall we break here? 现在我们休息一下好吗？

请大家和我读三遍

Shall we break here and have a coffee?