As a family medicine teacher or Program Director, have you ever had a highly capable resident learner fail the Simulated Office Oral (SOO) portion of the CCFP examination? Have you ever wondered why that might happen? In the September CFP Podcast, Editor Dr Nick Pimlott interviews Dr Kendall Noel from the University of Ottawa about his article in the September issue of the journal entitled Perennial post-examination surprises. Together they take a deep dive into Dr Noel’s work on clinical reasoning, dual process theory and his hypothesis that “the intermediate effect” might account for the perennial exam surprise.