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Informative session about the important personality. Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, popularly known as Sarwajanik Kaka, was a lawyer, social reformer, and political activist. He was a founding member of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. He was a great support system for the noble works initiated and carried out successfully by Honorable Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. He was a social activist in Pune when Maharashtrian revival began, and he was the elderly guiding philosopher when Tilak and Agarkar's generation gave impetus to Indian independence struggle. Joshi also represented Vasudev Balwant Phadke as his lawyer in Phadke's trial. Joshi had a daughter who was married to Gopal Krishna Gokhale. At the Delhi Durbar of 1877, wearing "homespun spotless white khadi" Joshi rose to ask of the viceroy of India (then the 1st Earl of Lytton), that Her Majesty the Queen might: Grant to India the same political and social status as is enjoyed by her British subjects. With this demand, it can be said that the campaign for a free India was formally launched, which was the beginning of a great transformation for India. Joshi died on 25 July 1880 due to heart trouble.

List of important events from history  on 9th April. This list is useful for students preparing for all Competitive Exams in India.

भारतात अत्यंत लोकप्रिय ठरलेल्या मोबाईल फोन सेवेची सुरुवात सर्वप्रथम १९९४ साली कोलकात्यात झाली. २२ ऑगस्ट, १९९४ रोजी पश्चिम बंगालचे तत्कालीन मुख्यमंत्री ज्योती बसू यांनी केंद्रीय दूरसंचार मंत्री सुखराम यांच्याशी मोबाईल फोनद्वारे संभाषण करून या सेवेचं उद्घाटन केलं Telst आणि अल्पावधीतच भारतात सर्वत्र मोबाईलचा जमाना सुरू झाला. १९९४ मध्ये केंद्र सरकारने घोषित केलेल्या दूरसंचार धोरणाद्वारे दूरसंचार क्षेत्र खुलं झाल्यानंतर खासगी क्षेत्रातून मोबाईल फोन (सेल्युलर फोन) सेवा उपलब्ध होण्यास सुरुवात झाली. प्रथम, १९९४ मध्ये बी. के. मोदी उद्योगसमूहाने ऑस्ट्रेलियातील 'टेल्स्ट्रा' या कंपनीच्या सहयोगाने कोलकाता इथे मोबाईल फोन सेवा यशस्वीरीत्या सुरू केली. प्रारंभीच्या काळात, मोबाईल हँडसेटची किंमत सुमारे ४५ हजार रुपये होती; तर कॉलचा दर प्रतिमिनिट सुमारे १७ रुपये होता. मोबाईल फोनवरून केल्या जाणाऱ्या, तसंच मोबाईल फोनवर येणाऱ्या (आऊटगोईंग व इनकमिंग) अशा दोन्ही कॉल्सवर शुल्क आकारलं जात होतं. त्यामुळे या सेवेकडे ग्राहकांचा कल कमी होता. मोबाईलधारकांच्या संख्येत होणारी वाढही अल्प होती.

Informative session about the important personality. Mangal Pandey was an Indian soldier who played a key part in the events immediately preceding the outbreak of the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was a sepoy in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry regiment of the British East India Company. In 1984, the Indian government issued a postage stamp to remember him. His life and actions have also been portrayed in several cinematic productions. Hewson had charged towards Pandey as he was fighting with Lieutenant Baugh. While confronting Pandey, Hewson was knocked to the ground from behind by a blow from Pandey's musket. The sound of the firing had brought other sepoys from the barracks; they remained mute spectators. At this juncture, Shaikh Paltu, while trying to defend the two Englishmen called upon the other sepoys to assist him. Assailed by sepoys who threw stones and shoes at his back, Shaikh Paltu called on the guard to help him hold Pandey, but they threatened to shoot him if he did not let go of the mutineer. 

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee CIE was an Indian novelist, poet and journalist. He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel Anandamath, which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Indian literaure. He was the composer of Vande Mataram, originally in Sanskrit, personifying India as a mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Movement. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels and many serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical treatises in Bengali. He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali.

List of important events from history  on 8th April. This list is useful for students preparing for all Competitive Exams in India.

तीन अयशस्वी उड्डाणांनंतर चौथ्या एएसएलव्हीने 'सॉस' या उपग्रहासह १९९४ मध्ये यशस्वी उड्डाण केलं. याच वर्षी भारतीय शास्त्रज्ञांनी आयआरएस पी२ या उपग्रहासह पीएसएलव्हीचं प्रक्षेपण करण्यातही यश मिळवलं. याद्वारे भारताने अवकाश क्षेत्रातील प्रगतीचा मोठा टप्पा गाठला. १९८० साली भारतीय शास्त्रज्ञांनी एसएलव्ही-३ (ऑग्मेंटेड सॅटेलाईट लाँच व्हेईकलने) या १७ टन वजनाच्या उपग्रहवाहकाद्वारा ३५ किलोचा उपग्रह अंतरीक्षात सोडणं साध्य केलं होतं. त्यानंतर अग्निबाणाची वाहून नेण्याची क्षमता वाढवणं, हा शास्त्रज्ञांच्या कार्याचा पुढचा टप्पा होता.. त्या दृष्टीने एएसएलव्ही (ऑगमेंटेड सॅटेलाईट लाँच व्हेईकल) अर्थात वृद्धिंगत क्षमतेचा अग्निबाण तयार करण्याचा व प्रक्षेपित करण्याचा प्रकल्प त्यांनी हाती घेतला. एएसएलव्हीची लांबी २४ मीटर होती, वजन ४१ टन होतं; १५० किलो वजनाचा उपग्रह वाहून नेण्याची त्याची क्षमता होती. यावरील उपग्रहाचं नाव होतं 'स्टॉस' अर्थात 'स्ट्रेच्ड रोहिणी सॅटेलाईट'. या प्रकल्पातली पहिली दोन्ही उड्डाणं अयशस्वी ठरली, तर तिसरं उड्डाण अंशतः अयशस्वी झालं. चौथ्या उड्डाणात मात्र 'स्टॉस' उपग्रहाला त्याच्या निर्धारित ४०० कि.मी. कक्षेत सोडण्यास एएसएलव्हीला पूर्णपणे यश मिळालं. पुढील टप्प्यातील पीएसएलव्ही अर्थात पोलर सॅटेलाईट लाँच व्हेईकल व जीएसएलव्ही अर्थात जिओसिंक्रोनस सॅटेलाईट लाँच व्हेईकल हे व्यावसायिक उपग्रहवाहक बनवताना हा अनुभव बहुमोलाचा ठरला.

Informative session about the important personality. Pandit Ravi Shankar KBE was an Indian sitarist and composer. A sitar virtuoso, he became the world's best-known exponent of North Indian classical music in the second half of the 20th century, and influenced many musicians in India and throughout the world. Shankar was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1999. Shankar was born to a Bengali Brahmin family in India, and spent his youth as a dancer touring India and Europe with the dance group of his brother Uday Shankar. He gave up dancing in 1938 to study sitar playing under court musician Allauddin Khan. After finishing his studies in 1944, Shankar worked as a composer, creating the music for the Apu Trilogy by Satyajit Ray, and was music director of All India Radio, New Delhi, from 1949 to 1956. In 1956, Shankar began to tour Europe and the Americas playing Indian classical music and increased its popularity there in the 1960s through teaching, performance, and his association with violinist Yehudi Menuhin and Beatles guitarist George Harrison. His influence on Harrison helped popularize the use of Indian instruments in Western pop music in the latter half of the 1960s. Shankar engaged Western music by writing compositions for sitar and orchestra, and toured the world in the 1970s and 1980s. From 1986 to 1992, he served as a nominated member of Rajya Sabha, the upper chamber of the Parliament of India. He continued to perform until the end of his life.

Raja Badhe was a Marathi poet from Maharashtra, India. He first made his name in Nagpur as a poet. Later he moved to Mumbai. He worked for All India Radio for some time. Badhe produced a film on Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Many of Badhe's songs were recorded. When "Prakash Pictures" approached V. D. Savarkar to write songs for their film "Ram-Rajya", he advised them to get them written by Badhe. He died suddenly in Delhi. He had never married. The following are the titles of some songs written by Badhe:

List of important events from history  on 7th April. This list is useful for students preparing for all Competitive Exams in India.

नव्वदच्या दशकाच्या पूर्वार्धात मोटारगाड्यांमध्ये वापरण्यासाठी लहानसे असे सीडी-प्लेअर्स उपलब्ध होऊ लागले आणि साधारणपणे १९९३ पासून भारतातील उच्चभ्रू वर्गाने ऑडिओ कॅसेटला पर्याय म्हणून संगीताच्या (चित्रपटसंगीत व शास्त्रीयसंगीत) 'ऑडिओ सीडीज्'चा स्वीकार करण्यास सुरुवात केली. वास्तविक, १९८२ सालीच फिलिप्स व सोनी या कंपन्यांनी संयुक्तपणे डिजिटल कॉम्पैक्ट डिस्कसूच्या (सीडीच्या) उत्पादनाला सुरुवात केली होती. अॅनॉलॉग तंत्राला पर्याय म्हणून डिजिटल तंत्राने रेकॉर्डिंग करणे त्यांनी साधलं होतं. परंतु गाण्यांची सीडी संगणकावर लावून ऐकणं हा फारसा सुखावह अनुभव नव्हता. मात्र १९९३ पासून गाडीत बसवता येतील, असे लहानसे सीडी प्लेअर्स बाजारात आल्यावर विशेषतः तरुण पिढीने त्याचं स्वागत केलं. त्यानंतर नव्वदच्या उत्तरार्धात ऑडिओ कॅसेट व ऑडिओ सीडीज् दोन्ही ऐकण्याची सुविधा असलेले संचही येऊ लागले. खुल्या अर्थव्यवस्थेमध्ये आयात कर नाममात्र झाले आणि असे संच मध्यमवर्गाला परवडतील अशा किमतीला मिळू लागले.  'वेव्ह' च्या जागी 'एमपी-३' फॉरमॅटचा वापर नंतर 'वेव्ह' या जास्त जागा व्यापणाऱ्या डिजिटल फॉरमेंटच्या जागी 'एमपी-३' फॉरमॅटमध्ये संगीत उपलब्ध होऊ लागल्यावर स्वाभाविकच एकाच सीडीमध्ये अनेक गाणी वा शास्त्रीय संगीतातील राग बसवर्ण शक्य होऊ लागलं. त्यामुळे दोन हजारच्या दशकात संगीताच्या क्षेत्रात कॅसेटचा प्रकार नाममात्र ठरला आणि ऑडिओ सीडीज् जणू जीवनाचा भाग झाल्या. याच काळात 'व्हिडिओ सीडीज्' व नंतर 'डीव्हीडीज'नीही उचल घेतली आणि ऑडिओ सीडीज, व्हिडिओ सीडीज्, डीव्हीडीज्, कॅसेटस् सर्वच एकच संचाद्वारे पाहता वा ऐकता येईल, असे संच 'फिलिप्स' सारख्या अनेक अग्रणी कंपन्यांनी बाजारात आणले. अशा प्रगतीमुळे नव्वदच्या दशकापासून शहरी व निमशहरी भागात जो एक नवमध्यमवर्ग उदयास आला. त्याच्यासाठी ऑडिओ व व्हिडिओ सीडी ही जणू त्याच्या जीवनाची गरजच

Informative session about the important personality. James Dewey Watson is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist. In 1953, he co-authored with Francis Crick the academic paper proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. Watson, Crick and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". In subsequent years, it has been recognized that Watson and his colleagues did not properly attribute colleague Rosalind Franklin for her contributions to the discovery of the double helix structure. Watson earned degrees at the University of Chicago (BS, 1947) and Indiana University (PhD, 1950). Following a post-doctoral year at the University of Copenhagen with Herman Kalckar and Ole Maaløe, Watson worked at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he first met his future collaborator Francis Crick. From 1956 to 1976, Watson was on the faculty of the Harvard University Biology Department, promoting research in molecular biology. From 1968 Watson served as director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), greatly expanding its level of funding and research. At CSHL, he shifted his research emphasis to the study of cancer, along with making it a world-leading research center in molecular biology. In 1994, he started as president and served for 10 years. He was then appointed chancellor, serving until he resigned in 2007 after making comments claiming that there is a genetic link between intelligence and race. In 2019, following the broadcast of a documentary in which Watson reiterated these views on race and genetics, CSHL revoked his honorary titles and severed all ties with him.