Reflector

Everyone agrees that street homelessness is a problem to solve. But that’s where the agreement ends. Today, we explore the two camps that think they’ve found an answer — one that argues for more resources and the other that argues for more rule of law.

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:

Iain De Jong, Stephen Eide, Estela Lopez, Mark Horvath, Traci Park

LINKS:

Louis C.K. bit

Iain De Jong's company

Iain De Jong’s book, The Book on Ending Homelessness

A few studies on Housing First

The Daily Show segment on Housing First

Stephen Eide’s critique of Housing First

2019 progress report on Proposition HHH

Audit on CA homelessness spending

Oral argument in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson

City of Grants Pass v. Johnson Supreme Court opinion

Spencer Pratt’s X account

Los Angeles mayoral primary debate, May 6, 2026

Donald Trump 2023 video about the homeless

Mark Horvath’s organization

Invisible People YouTube channel

Traci Park’s website

Los Angeles City Council meeting, August 18, 2026

For this series we also read, and recommend, the following books: ⁠Homelessness in America: The History and Tragedy of an Intractable Social Problem⁠ by Stephen Eide, ⁠Reckoning with Homelessness⁠ by Kim Hopper, ⁠The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man⁠ by Nels Anderson, and ⁠Down and Out, on the Road: The Homeless in American History⁠ by Kenneth L. Kusmer.

CREDITS:

This story was reported by Emma Pettit and produced by Andy Mills, Ethan Mannello, Matthew Boll, and Simon Adler. It was mixed by Emma Munger.

Music for this episod was composed by Cobey Bienert and Simon Adler.

Artwork for this episode is by ⁠Jacob Boll⁠.

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Homelessness today looks very different than it did in the 1980s, when American cities first woke up to this crisis. Today, we explore the legal battles that turned survival outside into a constitutional question.

You can hear the full series right now when you become a Longview subscriber by visiting us⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠here⁠

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:

Estela Lopez, Kevin Cope

LINKS:

⁠Estela Lopez’s organization

Los Angeles magazine article that features Lopez

Jones v. City of Los Angeles settlement

Martin v. City of Boise initial opinion

Martin v. City of Boise amended opinion

NPR story that quotes Pam Hawkes and her lawyer

Kevin Cope of the University of Virginia School of Law

Kevin Cope’s paper

Skid Row 2016 survey on violence against women

For this series we also read, and recommend, the following books: Homelessness in America: The History and Tragedy of an Intractable Social Problem by Stephen Eide, Reckoning with Homelessness by Kim Hopper, The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man by Nels Anderson, and Down and Out, on the Road: The Homeless in American History by Kenneth L. Kusmer.

CREDITS:

This story was reported by Emma Pettit and produced by Andy Mills, Ethan Mannello, Matthew Boll, and Simon Adler. It was mixed by Emma Munger.

Music for this episode was composed by Cobey Bienert and Simon Adler.

Artwork for this episode is by Jacob Boll.

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What we call “homelessness” is a relatively modern phenomenon. Today, we tell the story of its emergence and why, in the 1980s, one woman fought so fervently for her right to live on a New York City street corner.

You can hear the full series right now when you become a Longview subscriber by visiting us⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠here

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:

Stephen Eide

LINKS:

60 Minutes segment on Joyce Brown

Stephen Eide at the Manhattan Institute

The New York Civil Liberties Union 

Jack London’s memoir of his hobo years, The Road

Joyce Brown’s obituary

New York magazine story on Brown

Retro Report piece featuring Brown’s niece

Study on homelessness mortality

HUD’s 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Part 1)

For this series we also read, and recommend, the following books: Homelessness in America: The History and Tragedy of an Intractable Social Problem by Stephen Eide, Reckoning with Homelessness by Kim Hopper, The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man by Nels Anderson, and Down and Out, on the Road: The Homeless in American History by Kenneth L. Kusmer.

CREDITS:

This story was reported by Emma Pettit and produced by Andy Mills, Ethan Mannello, Matthew Boll, and Simon Adler. It was mixed by Emma Munger.

Music for this episode was composed by Cobey Bienert and Simon Adler.

Artwork for this episode is by Jacob Boll.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today on Reflector we are bringing you a very special episode from a new series that found its beginnings right here.  It is called Book Keeper.  Last year we released the episode Hallelujah, where Megan Phelps-Roper revisited the Bible to ask what still endures when belief is gone.  That episode inspired us to continue telling these stories.

In our first episode of this series Megan, more than 10 years after leaving the Westboro Baptist Church, returns to the Bible again. Even though she is no longer what most would consider a “believer,” she wants to explore what ancient wisdom still lives in these stories. And she begins with a tale of profound betrayal and reconciliation.

RESOURCES:

The Book of Genesis — Chapters 37 to 45

CREDITS:

This episode of Book Keeper was produced by Matthew Boll, with editing by Andy Mills and Sarah Hepola. It is hosted by Megan Phelps-Roper.

Music for this episode was composed by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Cobey Bienert⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Peter Lalish⁠⁠⁠⁠

Artwork by ⁠Jacob Boll⁠

WAKING UP OFFER:

Thank you to our partner Waking Up.

You can find their 14-day free trial ⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠

This is an affiliate link. We earn a commission on new subscriptions purchased through this link.

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⁠Visit the Longview website to learn more and support our reporting

Prediction markets have exploded from a niche financial concept into a multibillion-dollar industry — one that's reshaping how we understand information, trust, and the future. But as these markets promise to make us wiser — cutting through noise, humbling the pollsters, giving us a cleaner read on what's actually going to happen — they're also raising a darker question: what happens to public trust when every event becomes a potential inside job? Reporter Ethan Mannello investigates the fascinating, unsettling world where the casino has swallowed everything else.

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:

PMT

PMT YouTube

CREDITS:

This episode of Reflector was reported and produced by Ethan Mannello. Produced by Simon Adler.

Music for this episode was composed by Simon Adler

Reflector artwork by Jacob Boll

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Katie Herzog never planned to become a dog person and she definitely never planned to agonize over her goldendoodle's testicles. But when it came time to neuter Moose, she couldn't find a good answer to a simple question: why? What follows is a reported journey through canine bodily autonomy, the surprisingly short history of spay/neuter as gospel, and what the best available science actually says about cutting off your dog's balls.

Read the essay at our Substack

Visit our website to support the show

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:

Ben and Lynette Hart — U.C. Davis School of Veterinary Medicine

James Serpell — U Penn School of Veterinary Medicine

Hal Herzog, Katie’s dad who happens to also be an emeritus professor and scholar of human-animal interactions

LINKS:

Hart et al., "Neutering of German Shepherd Dogs" / golden retriever study (PLOS-One, 2013)

Hart et al., 35-breed analysis

Hart et al., mixed-breed analysis

AVMA statement on elective spaying and neutering

Meghan Daum, "Big Dogs, Big City"

Hal Herzog, Some We Love, Some We Hate, Some We Eat

Blue Cross of India

CREDITS:

This episode was written by Katie Herzog and produced by Andy Mills, Simon Adler, and Matthew Boll

Music for this episode was composed by Simon Adler and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Peter Lalish⁠⁠

Reflector artwork by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacob Boll

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What if the next great leap in computing wasn't made of silicon — but of living human brain cells? Reporter Greg Warner takes us inside the lab of Hon Weng Chong, an Australian computer engineer who has built a biological computer: a device that houses actual human neurons in a petri dish, teaches them to play Pong using reward and punishment, and is now being sold to medical researchers, crypto gamers, and roboticists with very big dreams. Along the way, Andy and Greg dig into what these cells might actually feel, why the path to artificial general intelligence might run through a robot's skin rather than its brain, and what it would mean to one day stick a chip of pre-programmed neurons back into a human head. It's weird, it's a little smelly, and it might be the future.

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:

Hon Weng Chong - CEO and founder of Cortical Labs

Dr. Minas Liarokapis - CEO/CTO of Acumino Inc., Director of the New Dexterity Research Group

LINKS:

Cortical Labs

Acumino

Dishbrain Paper - In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

CREDITS:

This episode was reported and produced by Greg Warner, Andy Mills, Simon Adler, and Matthew Boll

Music for this episode was composed by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Cobey Bienert⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Peter Lalish⁠

Reflector artwork by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacob Boll

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The final chapter of Reflector’s tour of LGBTQ activism examines some of the controversies currently roiling society—starting with a look at one of the most contentious subjects in American history: sex education. With interviews with some of the minds behind the National Sex Education Standards, reporter Ben Kawaller offers a rare look into the philosophical underpinnings of the new ideas about sex and gender that have taken root throughout American society, what they reveal about the tensions between “gay” and “queer,” and what they might spell for the future of the movement—and for America.

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:
Dr. Eva Goldfarb – Professor of Public Health at Montclair State University.
Madelaine Adelman – Justice Studies professor at Arizona State University and former GLSEN board member.
Alison Macklin – Policy and advocacy director at Sex Ed for Social Change (SIECUS).
Jennifer Finney Boylan – Transgender author, former president of PEN America and former contributing opinion writer for the New York Times.
Ben Appel – Journalist and author of Cis White Gay: The Making of a Gender Heretic.
Dana Beyer – Early transgender advocate.
Herndon Graddick – Former president of GLAAD.
Lorri Jean – Former CEO of the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center.

LINKS:
Too Hot to Handle: A Global History of Sex Ed by Jonathan Zimmerman

The National Sex Education Standards

Rights, Respect, Responsibility: A K–12 Sex Education Curriculum

CREDITS:
This episode of Reflector was reported and produced by Andy Mills, Matthew Boll, Ben Kawaller, Simon Adler, Ethan Mannello, and Seth Temple Andrews.

Music for this episode was composed by ⁠⁠⁠⁠Cobey Bienert⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠Peter Lalish⁠⁠⁠

Reflector artwork by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacob Boll⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ with assistance from ChatGPT

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You can hear Part 3 of this series right now when you become a Longview subscriber by visiting us ⁠here

Part two of Reflector’s dive into the LGBTQ+ movement picks up with the arrival of the Qs…and all that came after. Featuring interviews with prominent trans advocates and former leaders of major LGBTQ groups, episode 2 reveals the philosophical differences lurking beneath the surface within this alliance of non-conformists. With his usual immunity from embarrassment, Ben Kawaller explores how a movement for civil rights became a project to shape society’s understanding of sex and gender.

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:
Dana Beyer – Early transgender rights advocate.
Dr. Susan Stryker – Professor Emerita of Gender and Women’s Studies at Arizona State University.
Lorri Jean – Former CEO of the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center.
Herndon Graddick – Former president of GLAAD.
Ben Appel – Journalist and author of Cis White Gay: The Making of a Gender Heretic.
Jennifer Finney Boylan – Transgender author, former president of PEN America and former contributing opinion writer for the New York Times.
Leor Sapir – Journalist and senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute.
Matthew McMurrow – Gay activist and adviser to former Gov. Andrew Cuomo of New York and former New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio.

LINKS:
When Harry Became Sally: Responding to the Transgender Moment by Ryan T. Anderson

Cis White Gay: The Making of a Gender Heretic by Ben Appel

The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender-Bending and Transsexualism by J. Michael Bailey

Cleavage: Men, Woman, and the Space Between Us by Jennifer Finney Boylan

Galileo's Middle Finger: Heretics, Activists, and the Search for Justice in Science by Alice Dreger

Crossing: A Memoir by Deirdre Nansen McCloskey

The End of the Gay Rights Revolution: How Hubris and Overreach Threaten Gay Freedom by Ronan McCrea

Gay Shame: The Rise of Gender Ideology and the New Homophobia by Gareth Roberts

TRANS/GRESSIVE: How Transgender Activists Took on Gay Rights, Feminism, the Media & Congress… and Won! by Riki Wilchins
GLAAD Media Reference Guide: Glossary of Terms

CREDITS:
This episode of Reflector was reported and produced by Andy Mills, Matthew Boll, Ben Kawaller, Simon Adler, Ethan Mannello, and Seth Temple Andrews.

Music for this episode was composed by ⁠⁠⁠⁠Cobey Bienert⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠Peter Lalish⁠⁠⁠

Reflector artwork by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacob Boll⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You can hear Part 2 and 3 of this series right now when you become a Longview subscriber by visiting us here

Reflector goes gay with a three-part look at the movement known as LGBTQ. Episode one looks at how homosexuals went from being social outcasts in post-war America to the 21st century’s most successful civil rights story and what happened when transgender activists started getting in on the action. With humility, humor, and an almost compulsive lack of piety, reporter Ben Kawaller explores the origin story of one of the most polarizing abbreviations of the modern age, telling the story of how gays and lesbians became LGBT.

THIS EPISODE FEATURES:
Dana Beyer – Early transgender rights advocate.
Herndon Graddick – Former president of GLAAD.
Lorri Jean – Former CEO of the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center.
Ben Appel – Journalist and author of Cis White Gay: The Making of a Gender Heretic.
Jamison Green – Early transgender rights advocate.

LINKS:⁠

The Gay Metropolis: The Landmark History of Gay Life in America⁠ by Charles Kaiser
⁠Beyond Queer: Challenging Left Orthodoxy⁠, Ed. Bruce Bawer
⁠Secret City: The Hidden History of Gay Washington⁠ by James Kirchick
⁠How to Survive a Plague⁠ by David France

CREDITS:
This episode of Reflector was reported and produced by Andy Mills, Matthew Boll, Ben Kawaller, Simon Adler, Ethan Mannello, and Seth Temple Andrews.

Music for this episode was composed by ⁠⁠⁠⁠Cobey Bienert⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠Peter Lalish⁠⁠⁠

Reflector artwork by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacob Boll⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

⁠⁠

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