En este episodio, vamos a estar hablando de la primera unidad de Grammar II (formal and functional grammar; meanings in language; the place of lexicogrammar in language; genres; the role of language as a reflection or as an action; mode: typical situations of language use; the linguistic implications of mode y lexical density)

Información útil para este episodio:

Meanings in language:

Ranking in lexicogrammar: CLAUSE > GROUP/PHRASE > WORD

Definition of text: A text is a semantic unit of whatever length, spoken or written and which forms a unified whole with respect to its internal properties and the social context in which it is produced. What distinguishes text from non-text is texture, which holds a text's clauses together. It involves the interaction of two components: coherence and cohesion

Definition of GENRE: Genres are staged, goal-oriented, purposeful activities in which speakers engage as members of a culture. They are recognized by their schematic structure and the patterns of lexicogrammatical choices in the text.

MEDIUM: (oral or written) is the physical channel for the transmission of texts.

MODE: the variable of context that influences the role language plays in an interaction, which has two dimensions: the immediacy of feedback and the role of language.

LEXICAL DENSITY: the proportion of lexical items to the total discourse, the ratio of lexical items per clause.

En este episodio, vamos a hablar del inglés como un lenguaje global (hasta el minuto 27). Además, compararemos y contrastaremos las similitudes y diferencias entre el North American English (NAE) y el Standard British English (SBE).

Lista de vowels:

En este episodio, vamos a ver qué son las paralinguistic features (siguiendo la teoría de Harmer y Brown), qué tipos existen y qué características tienen.

A continuación, la lista de paralinguistic features (recordar que no es importante mencionar las formas normales de cada una, las pongo solo para establecer los grados de desviacion de la norma):

Pitch span (the amount of movement in the pitch of the voice)

-Extended pitch span / Normal pitch span / Restricted pitch span

Placing in Voice Range (each individual voice has a range in which they speak)

- Squeaky / High Placing in Voice Range / Normal PVR / Low Placing in Voice Range / Growl

Tempo (speed of delivery of a message)

-Rapid or fast tempo / Normal tempo / Slow tempo

Loudness (the size of the amplitude of the vibration)

-Loud voice or loudness / Normal voice / Soft voice or softness

Voice setting (adjustments in the vocal cords which bring about various effects of the voice)

- Creaky voice / Normal voice /Breathy voice (remember: no vibration of the vocal cords)

Articulatory Setting (amount of tenseness of the articulatory tract)

- Tense articulatory setting / Normal articulatory setting

Articulatory Precision (amount of precision of articulation)

Precise articulation / Normal Art / Slurred articulation (alcoholic speech)

Timing in Segments / Syllables (extend a syllable or segment)

-Extended timing of segments or syllables (drawling) / Normal timing

Lip setting (the posture of the lips affects the sound of the spoken message)

-Smiling lip setting / Normal / Pursed lip setting (pouting out the lips)

Pause (connected to the rhythmic structure of speech)

-Rhetorical pauses / Normal pauses

En este episodio, repasamos la teoría de David Brazil, John Sinclair y Malcolm Coulthard (propuesta de finales de los 70 y principios de los 80) en relación con la teoria de Discourse Intontation. Se menciona:

- INTONATION: tone unit, tipos de tone unit, partes de una tone unit, opciones asociadas (subsystems of the System of intonation))

-PROMINENCE: Concepts of informativeness and prominence, what elements to highlight and paradigms.

-TONES: common ground, new info, shared info, level tone, role relationships between interlocutors

-KEY: definition and location, what is pitch height, pitch levels (High, mid and low key) and their meaning

-TERMINATION: definition (difference with key), symmetrical relation in a conversation, pitch concord and discrepancy, paratone, pitch sequence

-READING INTONATION: modes (oblique vs direct orientation), level of engagement in the reading task (within direct orientation)

En este episodio, trabajamos con algunos conceptos de tipos de bancos e instituciones financieras, tipos de cuentas bancarias (similitudes y diferencias), y cartas bancarias (diferentes layouts, frases idiomáticas comunes, lenguaje apropiado y abreviaturas que podemos encontrar en las mismas). Espero que les resulte útil la información ofrecida! :)

Les comparto las abreviaturas mencionadas al final del episodio para facilitar su entendimiento (a la izquierda en inglés y a la derecha en español):

cc o c.c. (Copy) --> c.c.p. (con copia para)

c/o (care of) --> a/c (a cargo de/a cuidado de)

N/A (not applicable) --> N/C (no se aplica/no disponible)

pp (sb has signed a document for a person who is not able to sign) ---> pp / p.p. / p.a. / p.o (por poder)

RSVP (please reply) ---> RSVP (confirmar asistencia) o SRC (se ruega contestación)

e.g. (for example) ---> e.j o p. ej (por ejemplo)

E&OE (Errors and Omissions Excepted) ---> SEuO (Salvo error u omisión)

Attn. (attention) ---> Atn. (a la atención de)

In this episode, we will review 4 major units: Adjustments, Stress, Prominence and Intonation. I hope you find it useful!

I leave here some information that is important for today's episode:

ADJUSTMENTS:

Yuxtapositional assimilation:

TDN → PBM (before PBM)

TDN → KGŋ (before KGŋ)

SZ → ʃʒ (before tʃ, dʒ and ʃ) and also /j/ in double adjustment turns into ʃ or ʒ

Coalescent assimilation:

T + J = tʃ      (for example, eat your snack)

D + J = dʒ (for example, did you)

S + J =  ʃ

Z + J =  ʒ

Elision: Inside/word boundaries and consonant sounds at inside and word boundaries → C + V + C

*The C in capital letters means "consonant".

In order to check examples of STRESS, PROMINENCE and INTONATION, you can access to the following DOC: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kXaPaIQGKq2jZ7ap5e6uC2mJHwX1Yc7XmJ-reh8_4_A/edit?usp=sharing 

En el episodio de hoy, presentamos la argumentación desde el punto de vista teórico: qué es, cuáles son sus partes y qué recursos emplea.

En este episodio, repasamos: la reformulación, los géneros discursivos (componentes internos y condiciones de producción), comunidades discursivas, "Problemas de los géneros discursivos" (Bajtin, 1982); secuencias textuales (características, estructuras prototípicas), "Las secuencias textuales" (M.J.Adam,1991); perspectivas teóricas del análisis del discurso, componentes de la situación discursiva, construcción del enunciador y enunciatario; y por ultimo la expresión de la objetividad a través de recursos de despersonalización.

En esta ocasion, repasamos todos los tipos de oraciones subordinadas sustantivas y adverbiales!! :)

En este episodio, hablamos sobre las Adverbial Clauses (of time, place, manner, cause or reason, of result, of purpose, of contrast or concession, of condition, and of contingency). También, agregamos al inicio una breve explicación sobre subordinación.