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On this episode of Cell & Gene: The Podcast, Host Erin Harris talks to Ralf Schmid, Ph.D., Associate Director of Preclinical Research at Novartis Biomedical Research, about the evolving use of large animal models in gene therapy development. Dr. Schmid discusses the current reliance on non-human primates (NHPs), their growing logistical and ethical challenges, and the emerging interest in alternatives like genetically engineered pigs and sheep. He outlines key considerations around safety, biodistribution, and immunogenicity that still necessitate large-animal testin —particularly for CNS-targeted AAV therapies — and emphasizes the need for thoughtful study design, responsible sourcing, and diversification in model systems. Dr. Schmid also previews his participation in the upcoming Next Generation Gene Therapy Vectors Summit and reflects on the future of preclinical safety testing in a landscape aiming to balance innovation, rigor, and compassion.

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