I'm going to begin with a wonderful quote from a recent editorial in Bioethics by our guests Parker Crutchfield & Jason Wasserman. This quote illustrates the tension between the widely held view in bioethics that slow codes are unethical, and the complexity of real world hospital practice: "Decisive moral positions are easy to come by when sitting in the cheap seats of academic journals, but a troubling ambivalence is naturally characteristic of live dilemmas."

Gina Piscitello, our third guest, recently surveyed doctors, nurses and others at 2 academic medical centers about slow codes.  In a paper published in JPSM, she found that two thirds had cared for a patient where a slow code was performed.  Over half believed that a slow code is ethical if they believed the code is futile.

Slow codes are happening. The accepted academic bioethics stance that slow codes are unethical is not making it through to practicing clinicians. Our 3 guests were panelists at a session of the American Society of Bioethics and the Humanities annual meeting last year, and their panel discussion was apparently the talk of the meeting.

Today we talk about what constitutes a slow code, short code, show code, and "Hollywood code." We talk about walk don't run, shallow compressions, and…injecting the epi into the mattress! We explore the arguments for and against slow codes: harm to families, harm to patients, moral distress for doctors and nurses; deceit, trust, and communication; do outcomes (e.g. family feels code was attempted) matter more than values (e.g. never lie or withhold information from family)? We talk about the classic bioethics "trolley problem" and how it might apply to slow codes (for a longer discussion see this paper by Parker Crutchfield).  We talk about the role of the law, fear of litigation, and legislative overreach (for more see this paper by Jason Wasserman). We disagree if slow codes are ever ethical.  I argue that Eric's way out of this is a slow code in disguise.

One thing we can all agree about: the ethics of slow codes need a rethink.

Stop! In the name of love. Before you break my heart. Think it over…

-Alex Smith