We recently traveled to Chicago, Illinois for a State of the Science Summit™ on Lung Cancer. At the meeting, faculty from the University of Chicago emphasized the impact of immunotherapy in non–small cell lung cancer, including the paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with stage III disease, promising combinations under exploration in stage IV nonsquamous disease, and key updates with the approach in stage IV squamous disease. Other topics included promising agents that are accelerating advances made in the treatment of patients with ALK- and ROS1-positive disease, updates with targeted therapies in patients with molecular aberrations, and game-changing management approaches that have emerged in small cell lung cancer.