Michael Stanton and Julia Kretzenbacher review section 138 of the Uniform Evidence Acts, which deals with improperly or illegally obtained evidence. In this presentation, we will review the history and background in relation to the common law discretion, the Australian Law Reform Commission reports on the law of evidence that led to the introduction of the Uniform Evidence Acts, and the text and purpose of section 138, including the factors relevant to the balancing exercise that must be undertaken by judicial officers. We will consider relevant cases from the High Court, the Court of Appeal and the Trial Division of the Supreme Court of Victoria.