safir podcast | سایبر پادکست آموزشگاه زبان سفیر گفتمان

You are listening to cyber podcast episode 17 – Social media, Yes or no? Hello everyone and welcome to another episode of cyber podcast. If you are holding your smart phone in your hand listening to this episode, I highly recommend you follow through to the end because today we are going to have some honest conversations and perhaps make some quality choices to put things right in our lives.

اگه همین الان گوشی تلفن همراهتون در دستتونه و دارید همزمان به این پادکست گوش میدین و شاید یکی دوتا کار دیگه هم انجام میدین، به شدت پیشنهاد میکنم تا انتهای این اپیزود با من همراه بشین چون امروز قراره یکم با خودمون روراست باشیم و شاید هم در نهایت تصمیم بگیریم برای بهتر کردن اوضاعمون تغییراتی در زندگیمون ایجاد کنیم. من ادیت هستم و شما رو دعوت میکنم به یه رویایویی صادقانه با خودتون....آماده این؟

Now, before we all come clean about the whole issue, let’s listen to the interviews we had with some random people on the famous question: “How much time do you spend on social media, on average do you think? -Probably 2 or 3 hours a day… -Four hours?! -Maybe like 5 hours total -I spend like 5 hours on my phone -Probably like 8 hours a day -I don’t feel like I spend a lot of time on it [music] So, without further ado let’s get down to business, but promise you will be totally honest, alright? Now, to begin with, I’m going to ask you some simple questions which you promised to answer about yourself honestly, and by the end of this podcast you will know where in the equation you stand! So, are you readyyyy? 1. Do you open your social media right after you open your eyes? Think about it for a moment. For most of us, the last thing we see at night before we close our eyes and the first thing we see after we open them, is our social media. How many likes or comments we received or how people responded to a post we uploaded, what’s going on with everybody else, so on and so forth. We do this so frequently and automatically as if our lives depended on it.

سواال1 :آخرین چیزی که شبها قبل از بستن چشمهامون می بینیم و اولین چیزی که صبحها بعد از باز کردن چشمها می بینیم چیه؟ معمولا جواب اکثر ما شبکه های اجتماعی هست. این کار رو انقدر خودکار انجام میدیم که انگار زندگیمون بهش بنده!

2. Do you constantly look for social validation on social media? Does your self-esteem get affected by likes and reactions you receive? Sometimes we obsessively check our posts to see if we have attracted enough likes or comments. This happens especially if we have posted something recently and we constantly think about the response we might get from our followers. As we do this, we start to allow social media to become a form of validation. The more likes we get, the better we feel. So, before you say “I don’t care about other people’s opinions! “ think about what you said here!

آیا همش دنبال تایید و اعتبار گرفتن از دیگرانید؟ آیا عزت نفستون به لایک و کامنت فالوورهاتون بستگی داره؟ اگه زیاد به نظرات دیگران در سوشال مدیا توجه بکنیم انگار اجازه میدیم که شبکه های اجتماعی منبع اعتبار ما باشن.

3. Do you find yourself scrolling up and down aimlessly without even realizing how much time you spend, or we’d better say waste? Sometimes we are so caught up in our mindless scrolling that we don’t even realize why we are doing so. It’s like we are looking for something very important our lives depend on! More often than not, we are just bored, or don’t have anything to keep ourselves busy with, so the first thing we do is to reach for our phone and start scrolling up and down on the social media. Truth be told, we do so just to kill time because unless we are focused and we are looking for something in particular, that scrolling won’t be of any use for us.

آیا همش خودتون رو در حال اسکرول کردن می بینید بدون اینکه متوجه بشید چقدر از زمانتون داره هدر میره؟ گاهی انقدر غرق اسکرول کردن میشیم که کلا یادمون میره دنبال چی میگردیم. انگار که داریم دنبال یه چیزی می گردیم که زندگیمون بهش بنده. اکثر اوقات وقتی کار خاصی نداریم و حوصله مون سر رفته اولین کاری که می کنیم اینه که سریع میریم سراغ گوشی و شبکه اجتماعی. در واقع این کار یه نوع وقت کشیه که هیچ فایده ای هم نداره.

4. Do you tend to change your opinions or habits easily? Let’s face it. Even if we claim we are steadfast in our ideology, what we expose ourselves to can drift us away or deviate our attention, which will eventually, lead to a change of opinion or sometimes habits. Remember, we affect the people and the world around us by the choices we make and the way we live, regardless of how willing we are to do so.

حتی اگه ادعا کنیم که پای حرف و نظراتمون هستیم، بدون اینکه متوجه بشیم رفتار و کارهای دیگران روی ما تاثیر میذاره و هر آنچه که ما خودمون رو در معرضش قرار میدیم میتونه نظر و رفتار ما رو هم تحت تاثیر قرار بده.

5. Do you tend to hear imaginary notification? You are right in the middle of something, you suddenly feel imaginary vibrations or you hear notifications coming in. You rush to check your phone only to find nothing as such. you check your connection, everything looks fine. You see, studies show that those who with an addiction of some sort tend to become hypersensitive. Now what I mean is, they start to see what makes them feel better everywhere, and sometimes it is nothing but their imagination. So, those who score higher in cellphone dependency are more likely to hear imaginary notifications.

تا حالا شده فکر کنید گوشیتون زنگ خورده یا پیغامی براتون اومده اما وقتی چک کردید، دیدید خبری نیست؟ در واقع این یکی از علایم اعتیاد میتونه باشه. مطالعات نشون میدن افرادی که اعتیاد به چیزی دارن، گاهی در مقابل محرکهای مشابهی که اون حس خوب رو بهشون میده بیش از حد حساس میشن و این باعث یه نوع توهم در اونها میشه.

6. Are you becoming less and less sociable? Do people and socializing with them flip you? Before you answer this question, try to recall the time you felt inadequate or unattractive or perhaps incompetent. What caused such negative feelings in you? Wasn’t it linked to comparing yourself to someone you saw on social media? Frankly speaking, a large number of studies have shown that while social media can make you feel less lonely, it can increase chances of depression, anxiety, low selfesteem, loneliness and so on.

آیا شبکه های اجتماعی باعث شدن آدم غیراجتماعی بشین و حال و حوصله آدما رو نداشته باشین؟ آخرین باری که احساس ناکافی یا معمولی بودن کردین رو یادتون میاد؟ مطالعات نشون میده که استفاده بیش از حد از سوشال مدیا و اعتیاد به اون میتونه از دلایل عمده افسردگی، اضطراب، عزت نفس پایین و تنهایی باشه.

Now, you know what’s funny about this? When asked how much time people spend on social media, they normally don’t even realize how long they do until they check their screen time. It is mind blowing how a gadget and all these applications can captivate you without you noticing how they waste your time. Remember the people who were interviewed in the beginning? Let’s see how long their screen time actually was!

نکته قابل تامل اینجا میدونین چیه؟ اینکه معموال آدما حدس درستی از مدت زمانی که در سوشال مدیا سپری میکنن ندارن و معمولا وقتی متوجه میشن جا میخورن. این نشون میده که این دستگاهها و اپلیکیشنها انقدر میتونن آدمو درگیر خودشون کنن که اصلا متوجه نشیم چقدرازعمرمون رو داریم هدر میدیم. مصاحبه اول پادکست رو یادتونه؟ به ادامه ش گوش کنین تا متوجه منظورم بشین:

Let’s see, oh, God! Ok, 2 hours and 58 minutes per day Yeah, six hours Oh, nine hours. Nice hours per day! Oh, last seven days, it says 2 hours per day. That’s a little bit more than I thought. That’s a lot. That’s quite a lot. Yeah, it’s definitely more than I thought. If you answered more than 4 of these questions positively it means you have very high dependence on your social media, for which you might want to think of solutions. Here are some remedies that might help you get things in order again: • Try to replace the addiction with another habit. • Keep track of your screen time by checking it regularly on your phone. • Take regular breaks. • Mute notifications at certain times • Take the device out of the bedroom. • Make people time. socialize with family and friends. Now, before we conclude this episode, go check your screen time on your phone. Did you estimate it right? Did it surprise you? Do you need to make any changes? Share your ideas in the comments section and let’s break free from these toxic symptoms!

خب، حالا شما اون سوال اول رو جواب بدین. شما چقدر زمان صرف شبکه های اجتماعی می کنین؟ با اسکرین تایم گوشیتون مقایسه کنین. آیا حدستون درست بود؟؟؟ اگه بخواین اسکرین تامتون رو کم کنین و وابستگی به سوشال مدیاتون رو کاهش بدین از کدوم راه حل استفاده می کنین؟ باهامون به اشتراک بذارین و بیاین با هم دوباره کنترل امور رو به دست بگیریم!

Thank you very much for tuning in today and staying with us through out this episode. This podcast was brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto. Until next week, stay safe stay tuned, bye!

You are listening to cyber podcast episode 16 – Cryptocurrency Living in the 21st century we have come across all sorts of virtual things; from virtual people including our so-called friends or mates to virtual places, things and now currencies. Right, we are talking about virtual money or virtual assets. But since it has, quite recently, been introduced, the number of people not knowing anything about it and avoiding it is way over the ones who do. But let’s not forget that those who do find themselves comfortable with cryptocurrencies, have made quite a bit of fortune as of now; at least some of them have!

در دوره ای زندگی می کنیم که تقریبا همه چیز داره مجازی و دیجیتالی میشه، از دوستان مجازی تا بازی و کار و تجربه های مجازی و حالا هم ارز دیجیتال پدیده ای که زمان زیادی از معرفیش نمیگذره و در همین مدت کوتاه خیلیها یا بهتره بگیم بعضیها رو به ثروتهای کالن رسونده و این در حالیه که بعضیها هنوز چیزی راجع بهش نمی دونن و حتی نمیخوان بدونن! به هر حال صحبت پول و ثروته که شوخی بردار هم نیست! در این پادکست قراره ببینیم متخصصین این حوزه چطور این مقوله رو برامون توضیح میدن.

I’m Edith; your host, and in order to see what all this craze is about, let’s get some of the most basic questions about this phenomenon answered by some of the experts of the field so this aspect of the socalled virtual world will also click! E: So, first things first, what is cryptocurrency? B: Here’s how I answer that question. Put simply, cryptocurrencies are like regular currencies except they’re entirely digital. E: Um…Ok, I guess I will need a bit more explanation. What bank is it linked to or controlled by and how do people earn or use it? B: Each individual cryptocurrency coin is fundamentally just a collection of numbers and letters. This sounds complicated, but it’s actually not far off from what we see with currencies today. Almost every physical money bill on the planet has a unique serial number, this serial number corresponds to information like when the bill was printed, where it was printed and so on. In theory, a record of all money bills that have ever been printed and where they are, is kept by a central bank which shares this information with smaller banks and the government. If you have a debit card or credit card, you’ll know that you have an account number on there as well you also have a password or pin number that you use to access the money in that account. Your bank branch knows your account number and your name because you had to provide your personal information to open an account. This info is also shared with the central bank and government. This is almost exactly how cryptocurrencies work. each individual cryptocurrency coin is like the serial number you see on a physical bill just without the physical bill.

پس تا اینجا متوجه شدیم همونطور که هر اسکناس یه شماره سریال داره که با اطلاعات همون اسکناس در بانک همخونی داره، و حساب بانکی شما هم با اطلاعات فردی که به بانک میدید هماهنگه، ارز دیجیتال هم مجموعه ای از اعداد و ارقام دیجیتالی هست که اطلاعات تراکنشهای شما رو در فضای مجازی ثبت میکنه. هر یک ارز دیجیتال یا coin cryptocurrency مثل همون شماره سریال روی اسکناس هست با این تفاوت که دیگه اسکناسی در دنیای واقعی وجود نداره! قبل از اینکه به ادامه بحث بپردازیم، بیاید با هم چندتا اصطلاح و لغت مربوط به سیستم بانکی رو با هم مرور کنیم. اول از همه یادمون باشه که اسکناس در انگلیسی میشه bill که بهش note یا banknote هم گفته میشه که مطابق با currency یا واحد پول هر کشور میتونه متفاوت باشه. معمولا از طریق حساب بانکی میتونیم کارت اعتباری دریافت کنیم تا تراکنشهامون رو انجام بدیم. حساب بانکی در انگلیسی bank account هست. به تلفظ صدای a در کلمه account توجه کنید. تراکنشها یا transactions از طریق بانک انجام میشن تا از دارایی یا asset مون محافظت بشه. دارایی در انگلیسی میشه asset .این کار از طریق ثبت اطلاعات کلیه تراکنشها در دفتر کل انجام میشه که در انگلیسی بهش ledger گفته میشه و این نوع محافظت هم در انگلیسی میشه custody .جالبه بدونید custody معانی دیگه ای هم داره که با این مفهوم خیلی متفاوتن. ببینید میتونید پیداش کنید. خب، به ادامه پادکست گوش کنید و به نحوه استفاده این کلمات دقت کنید.

E: But as far as I know, there is no personal information or identification when dealing with cryptocurrencies. I mean you don’t have to provide your personal information like when you do when you open a bank account, for example. B: You don't need to provide any personal information to create a cryptocurrency wallet; this means that your identity is not attached to your crypto wallet like a bank account is. Most importantly, any cryptocurrency held in your personal wallet is held directly by you not custodied by a bank like regular money in a bank account. This means that nobody can shut down your cryptocurrency wallet or block your transactions because you have total control over that account at all times.

یه نکته جالبی که اینجا گفته شد این هست که مثل بانکداری در دنیای واقعی در سیستم پولی cryptocurrency نیازی به ارائه اطلاعات شخصی شما برای به اصطلاح کیف پول که یا همون حساب بانکیتون نیست و مهمتر این که هر ارز دیجیتالی که شما دارید صرفا در اختیار خودتونه، نه بانک یا یه سازمان مرکزی دیگه ای و کسی نمی تونه اون حساب یا کیف پولتون رو بالک کنه چون در هر شرایطی اختیار تام روش دارین.

E: So, who’s in control of this currency? I mean, with the traditional currencies, it’s usually a central bank or authority? What about crypto? Is it safe at all? B: Well, this is usually my response to these sorts of questions and comments. Whether a cryptocurrency is safe or not, it depends on the context. Instead of banks and the government keeping track of everyone's bills and bank account balances these records are stored across all the computers connected to a cryptocurrency network. These transactions and account balances are public and can be viewed by anyone using something called a blockchain explorer. E: Uh huh…in other words, there is no central authority in charge. Am I right?

شایدمثل خود من بپرسید خب اگه کسی کنترلی روی این ارز دیجیتال نداره، پس امنیتش چطوره؟ اصلا امنیت داره؟ در این سیستم، بجای یه بانک مرکزی یا دولت، کلیه اطلاعات حسابها و ارزها در یک شبکه جهانی کامپیوتری ذخیره میشه و کلیه تراکنشها با استفاده از سیستمی به نام بالک چین توسط همه ی اعضای شبکه قابل رویت و کنترله.

C: It's decentralized which means that while every transaction of a given cryptocurrency is all recorded on the same ledger there are many, many copies of that ledger and anyone who is a part of the network has one. So, the result of this is that if I go into a store and spend five bitcoins on something then instead of just checking with one bank's records the shop instead checks with every single computer on this network if I have enough and assuming I do each computer will give the go-ahead. این سیستم غیر متمرکزه یعنی همه تراکنشهای یه کریپتو در یک سیستم کامپیوتری شبیه به دفتر کل ثبت میشه ولی کپی های بسیاز زیادی از همون تراکنش برای دیدن سایر اعضای شبکه وجود داره. بنابراین، اگه از یه فروشگاه خرید کنید و مثال بخواید 5 بیت کوین خرج کنید اون فروشگاه بجای چک کردن با بانکی که شما در اون حساب دارید با تمامی کامپیوترهای شبکه کریپتو چک میکنه تا ببینه موجودی دارید یا نه و در اون صورت همه کامپیوترهای اون شبکه تایید میکنند تا خرید انجام بشه. به نظر میاد امنیت بسیار باالیی داره، اینطور نیست؟

E: So, let me see if I understand it right; instead of one center or authority confirming you have a certain amount of money to purchase something, every single computer in the crypto network testifies that you do. That sounds very safe and secure, doesn’t it? B: This makes cryptocurrency networks secure because there is no single point of failure. This is called decentralization. It's the polar opposite of the centralized setups of governments and banks. C: Because you end up having this many copies of exactly the same ledger it becomes very easy to tell if anyone's trying anything fishy! E: Hmmm…. nice! Very high level of security.

در واقع معنی اصلی غیرمتمرکز اینجا مشخص میشه. یعنی یک نقطه واحد یا مشخصی برای تراکنشهای ناموفق وجود نداره. درست نقطه مخالف سیستم سنتی بانکداری که تحت پوشش دولت یا بانک مرکزیه.

C: This whole idea of a million different users all having their own copy of the blockchain ledger then if I wanted to fraudulently create a transaction that say paid me money I’d have to not just tamper with a block and every single block after it but I’d also have to do this on at least half a million computers around the world so that the majority of computers in the system are also consistent with the one I’ve tampered with. B: This is impossible thing to do if you have a cryptocurrency network, like bitcoin, that has millions of computers spread around the world.

نکته جالبش میدونین چیه؟ اگه کسی بخواهد یه تراکنش جعلی درست کنه که مثال یه مبلغی براش واریز بشه، اون شخص مجبوره نه تنها تمام کامپیوترهای شبکه بالک چین رو دستکاری کنه بلکه با حداقل نیم میلیون کامپیوتر در سراسر جهان هم همین کارو بکنه تا حداقل نیمی از اعضای این سیستم شهادت بدن که اون تراکنش مثال جعلی نیست، که خب، تقریبا غیر ممکنه.

Now, what about block chain? What is block chain? This is another thing I hear a lot when it comes to crypto. C: Now, people often get confused by this. Blockchain is not bitcoin, blockchain is not a currency itself, blockchain is just a secure type of ledger, so you know, that big spreadsheet that everyone has that's recording transactions, blockchain is just a way of organizing it.

کلمه دیگه ای که در دنیای کریپتو زیاد بهش بر می خورید بالک چین هست. بالک چین یه نوع ارز یا بیت کوین نیست. بالک چین در واقع نرم افزار یا سیستمی هست مثل دفتر کل یا صفحه گسترده هایی که اطلاعات هر تراکنش رو ثبت میکنه، بالک چین یه روش مرتب کردن همه این اطلاعات هست.

E: Hmm…it’s like I’m getting the hang of things little by little! In the traditional system of currency, there are different currencies, like the Dollar, Pound, Rial and so on. How many currencies are there? Is it just bitcoin? C: Bitcoin is just one of over 4,000 different cryptos already and each of them have different properties for example Ethereum which is the second most invested in can process transactions even faster than bitcoin there's one called Cardano which is considered to be technologically superior. B: The crazy thing is that every cryptocurrency is different and not all of them are designed to be a currency you will actually use for everyday transactions. E: Oh wow! I didn’t know there were so many. Now, are there any downsides to crypto? Why is it that so many people, including myself, still can’t trust it? C: The dark side, one of the main ones is exactly this the reason I think a lot of people don't take crypto seriously is its volatility. Because these currencies are so new and they're completely digital unlike say the market for gold, no one really knows what they should be worth and so you find that crypto prices are quite heavily speculative. B: Now the reason why the value of BTC, Eth and every other cryptocurrency fluctuates so much each day is because basically nobody knows what these technologies are actually worth. C: Two is the fact that they're not really accepted as a form of payment in well most places. Three, there can be an environmental concern. See the whole reason why a lot of these cryptos are so secure is because of this concept of transactions being verified many many times by many many computers, that much computing power requires a lot of electricity.

یکی از نقاط ضعف این سیستم نوسانات اون هست. چون این نوع ارز جدیده و کاملا هم دیجیتال هست، برعکس مثال بازار طلا کسی نمی تونه بگه دقیقا ارزششون چقدره و در واقع ارزش کریپتو خیلی تخمینیه. نکته دوم، در اکثر جاها به عنوان یه ارز رسمی شناخته نمیشن و نمیشه زیاد باهاشون خرید و فروش انجام داد. و نکته سوم، نگرانه های زیست محیطیه. دلیل اصلیه اینکه کریپتو به شدت ایمن هست اینه که تراکنشهای انجام شده در این سیستم بارها و بارها توسط شبکه کامپیوتریش باید راستی آزمایی و تایید بشه که این خودش یه بار بسیار سنگینی روی نیروی برق تحمیل میکنه. البته اگه تمام بانکهای کل دنیا رو هم در نظر بگیریم و تعداد تراکنشها و کاغذبازی هایی که شامل میشن رو ببینیم، فرق آنچنانی با کریپتو ندارن و خیلیهام امیدوارن که یه روزی به زودی بتونیم انواع دیگه انرژی تجدیدپذیر رو بکار ببریم.

E: But considering all the banks around the world and the number of transactions and the paperwork they do, traditional banking uses more electricity, I guess, which I think one day we'll be able to get from renewable sources… C: Well, depends who you ask, and four there's also a pretty strong sentiment that because there's no real policing or regulation on crypto right now it's like the perfect currency for criminals. E: But I think chances of your bank account being hacked is way higher than a criminal being able to hack half a million computers to do the unwanted! C: To be honest I think the data speaks for itself on that one. According to chain analysis 0.34 percent of crypto transactions are criminal up to 5 of normal cash transactions are criminal. So, cash is just a better currency for most types of criminal activity because by its very nature; it's untraceable.

البته یه جور موضع گیری هم نسبت به کریپتو وجود داره که خیلیها فکر میکنن چون هیچگونه نظارت یا کنترلی روش نیست، ارز ایده آلی برای خلافکاراست که آمار و ارقام نشون میدن که فقط 34 صدم درصد از کریپتوها جعلی هستند در حالی که این رقم در تراکنشهای معمولی به 5 درصد میرسه که ثابت میکنه پول نقد یا سنتی ارز بهتری برای انواع فعالیتهای خالف و غیرقانونی هست چون ذاتا یه مقوله غیرقابل ردیابی هست. و در نهایت، سوال آخر، آینده کریپتو رو چطور می بینید؟

E: Now, how do you see the future of cryptocurrency? B: In the longer term, you can see that crypto is growing and that growth is unlikely to stop anytime soon!

نظر شما چیه؟ آیا شما هم فکر می کنید یه روزی دیگه کسی به بانک نمیره و اسکناس و چک استفاده نمی کنده؟ آیا روزی میشه که فقط ارز دیجیتال رایج باشه؟ نظراتتون رو توی کامنت برامون بنویسین و اگه تجربه ای در این زمینه دارین باهامون به اشتراک بذارین.

This podcast was brought to you by Safir language academy’s content development department. Thank you so very much for tuning in today and staying with us through out this episode. All the scripts can be found on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto. Until next week and another topic, stay safe, stay tuned, bye!

Glossory: Word or expression /Definition /معنی

1- Asset /A useful or valuable thing /دارایی

2-fortune / A large amount of money or assets /پول و ثروت کلان

3- Click (verb) /To suddenly understand /فهمیدن

4-Correspond to/ Match / ارتباط داشتن، مربوط بودن

5- Custody (v) / Protect, take care of /محافظت کردن

6- Transaction /A (business) deal/ تراکنش

7- Ledger/ A book or other collection of financial accounts / دفتر کل-مالی

8- Spreadsheet / An electronic document consisting of tables for calculation / صفحه گسترده در حسابداری

9- Give the go-ahead/ Give permission to do something/ دادن اجازه یا مجوز

10- Decentralized /Controlled personally or locally instead of a center /غیر متمرکز

11-Tamper with/ To change or touch something in order to cause damage /دستکاری کردن

12- Get the hang of something / Understand or comprehend / فهمیدن، مفهوم درک نقطه ضعف، معایب

13- Downside /drawback, Disadvantage Dark side Dark side, disadvantage, drawback /معایب،نقطه ضعف

14- Volatility /Tendency to change unpredictably /تغییر، نوسان

15- Speculative/ Involving a high risk of loss /تخمینی

16- Renewable sources (of energy) / Sources that replenish themselves naturally /تجدیدپذیر

17- Sentiment / Attitude or idea about an event/ احساسات، موضع گیری

18- Untraceable /Unable to be found or discovered/غیرقابل ردیابی

This is cyber podcast episode 15 – English through music You must have heard people or even your teachers say that you can learn English through music. But have you ever tried it? Do you know how it works and what the learning mechanism is like? Well, we are going to shed some light on the impact of music on learning English today and also introduce some great songs for learning different structures. So put your dance shoes on and let’s hit the dance floor!

اگه زبان آموز هستین حتما از اطرافیان یا حتی معلم زبانتون شنیدین که گوش دادن به آهنگ های انگلیسی میتونه در یادگیری زبان کمکتون کنه خصوصا اگه اهل موسیقی باشین. حتی اگه زبان اموز هم نباشین حتما در مورد تاثیر موسیقی روی یادگیری باید شنیده باشید. خب، امروز میخوایم ببینیم چطور موسیقی روی یادگیری موثره و چه آهنگ هایی برای یادگیری خوبن.

First of all, it is interesting to know that there is a strong link between music and memory – similar areas of the brain are activated when listening to or playing music and speaking or processing language. Besides, music helps us retain words and expressions much more effectively because of its rhythm, as well as the repetitive patterns within the song. Some studies have shown that singing along in a foreign language makes us twice as good at speaking that language later. Apart from improving memory, music can help improve attention and concentration, physical coordination and listening skills. Besides, since music can boost mood, it can improve creativity, motivation and performance, and alleviate stress, anxiety and even depression, all of which are strong learning barriers. So, we can say the merits of music in learning are: 1. Music is a very good source for exposure. Sometimes, when you like a piece of music you listen to it over and over again, so, it sticks to your mind. Because repetition accompanied by a catchy tune gets the music be remembered more easily. 2. Music is portable. You can listen to it any time anywhere! 3. Singing along songs improves your pronunciation. 4. Song lyrics are a good source for you to see vocabulary and grammar in context. 5. Music helps with focus and memory, so you remember what you listened to better. 6. Since music lifts up your spirit, and eliminate stress, it can be a great motivator. 7. Music and language are great parts of culture, so by listening to music you can learn cultural aspects of a language as well.

جالبه بدونید که بین موسیقی و حافظه ارتباط مستقیم وجود داره، یعنی زمانی که موسیقی گوش میدید یا می نوازید و وقتی درگیر زبان هستید بخشهای مشابهی از مغز درگیرن. همچنین موسیقی به دلیل داشتن ریتم و آهنگ و تکرار اونها در به یادآوردن کلمات و اصطلاحات کمک میکنه بطوری که تحقیقات نشون داده که همخونی کردن با یه آهنگ به زبان خارجی کمک میکنه تا اون زبان رو بهتر صحبت کنیم. عالوه بر اینها، موسیقی به دلیل خاصیت انرژی ز ا بودنش باعث از بین رفتن استرس و اضطراب و حتی افسردگی میشه که تمام اینها به خودی خود موانعی در یادگیری هستند بنابراین موسیقی میتونه خالقیت، تمرکز و عملکرد رو بهبود ببخشه. در کنار تمام مواردی که گفته شد، موسیقی رو هرجا و هر زمان میتونید گوش کنید و همیشه همراهتونه. همخونی کردن با آهنگ هم باعث بهبود تلفظتون میشه و شعر آهنگ میتونه منبع خوبی باشه برای لغات، اصطلاحات و گرامرهای خاص. و یادمون باشه که موسیقی و زبان بخشهای مهمی از یک فرهنگ هستن و گوش دادن به موسیقی در یک زبان شما رو با فرهنگ اون زبان هم آشنا میکنه.

الف: ببین باورت نمیشه، دوستم که با هم کلاس زبان می رفتیم، 6 ماهه رفته چنان انگلیسی حرف میزنه که انگار نه انگار شاگرد تنبل کلاس زبانمون بود!

ب: ...آره دیگه وقتی میری توی محیط اصلا یه چیز دیگه ست...سریع راه میفتی.

الف: کاش ما هم می تونستیم همینجا توی 6 ماه اینجوری حرف بزنیم.

ب: ولی فکر کنم به زودی امکان پذیر بشه.

الف: چجوری؟ یعنی بتونیم از اینجا بریم؟

ب: نه. با استفاده از واقعیت مجازی.

الف: منظورت کلاس آنالینه؟

ب: نه بابا، واقعیت مجازی....یعنی یه جوری میشه که حس میکنی توی محیطی. درست مثل دوستت اما بدون نیاز به رفتن!

Did you know that learning a language, and education in general, is getting easier and easier every day? How? Through VR or virtual reality. I’m sure there have been times when you wished you could experience what you were being taught through textbooks and theories. Take for instance a boring subject like history. Don’t you think it would be much easier to remember all those dates and events if actually we lived then and there? Right! This is a common wish among students and scholars; to be able to experience firsthand what they read about. Because when you learn through experience, it becomes a part of you. You won’t ever forget it. Now, living in the 21st century has given us the privilege of at least witnessing, if not experiencing, the virtual world, where almost every impossible is made possible. We are talking about a “virtual world” today, which is becoming more real than reality we have known for ages.

هم هیجان انگیزه و هم ترسناک. هیجان انگیز از این نظر که تقریبا تمام غیرممکنها رو ممکن میکنه، و ترسناک هم دقیقا به همین خاطر. صحبت راجع به واقعیت مجازیه. فارغ از اینکه اهل تکنولوژی هستین یا نه، واقعیت مجازی میتونه خیلی از فرآیندها رو تحول کنه. من ادیت هستم و امروز قصد دارم با کمک تعدادی از متخصصان این حوزه یکم راجع به واقعیت مجازی باهاتون صحبت کنم. پس با من همراه بشین چون بحثمون جالبه!

Let’s begin with the basic question “What is VR?” Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-generated environment with scenes and objects that appear to be real, and make the user feel they are immersed in their surroundings. In order to really grasp what it is and what it does we will hear what some experts say about it. For instance, in the next few minutes you will hear about how it works and why it makes the user confuse virtual with real.

حتما اصطلاح واقعیت مجازی زیاد به گوشتون خورده و احتمالا تا حدودی هم باهاش سروکار داشتین. ولی واقعیت مجازی در اصل چیه؟ چطور درست شده و چرا باعث میشه واقعیت رو با غیر واقعیت اشتباه بگیریم؟

Virtual reality allows you to fully immerse yourself in a digital simulated environment using a VR headset. By blocking out the world you can lose yourself in video games or you can find a very serene place for your guided yoga. Today, VR is also increasingly used for commercial applications, it is used for training, the police and the military for example use it, you can use VR to travel the world, or even go back in time to explore ancient places, or you can digitally meet up with friends or colleagues to hang out or do some work.

واقعیت مجازی در اصل یک محیط کامپیوتری با صحنه ها و اشیائی که واقعی به نظر میان و باعث میشن شما هم حس کنین توی محیط قرار دارین.

Now, we all know or might have seen that the avatars or the environment created in VR do not really look all that real, but how is it that a virtual world that doesn’t look very real at all, feels so real?

هممون آواتار یا محیط واقعیت مجازی رو دیدیم و می دونیم که اونقدرها هم واقعی به نظر نمی رسن. پس چرا اینقدر حس واقعی بهمون میدن؟

B: VR communicates to your brain in a different way than looking at a screen. Me: I know that when looking at a screen-like our TV or phone – our brains read this as a flat image, but in VR you’re not looking at one screen, you’re looking at two. B: and those two screens are literally right in front of your eyes. Me: hmm, projecting a slightly different image into each eye. Like when you hold your finger in front of your face and wink each eye separately, you feel your finger jumps back and forth. It’s because each eye sees thing from a slightly different point. That jump is the difference of what your left and right eye are seeing.

عملکرد واقعیت مجازی مثل نگاه کردن به مانیتور نیست و باهاش فرق داره. شاید بدونین که وقتی به مانیتور یا موبایلتون نگاه میکنید مغزتون اونو به عنوان یک تصویر مسطح یا یک بعدی میشناسه ولی در وی آر چشم شما به یک صفحه نگاه نمیکنه به دو صفحه نگاه میکنه و در واقع هر دو صفحه جلوی چشماتون هستند. درست مثل زمانی که انگشتتون رو جلوی صورتتون می گیرین و هر بار با یک چشم بهش نگاه می کنید و احساس میکنید انگشتتون جاش عوض میشه به خاطر اینکه هر چشم از یک زاویه متفاوت بهش نگاه میکنه.

B: The differences between what your eyes see conveys depth. It conveys 3 dimensions. You are the camera and your brain starts interpreting it as your perspective. Me: And I think other subtle effects make the virtual world feel so real. For instance, sound effects like the wind or your heartbeat speeding up as you do something dangerous. Mostly because our brain is wired to trust our vision and since the virtual environment is designed based on our real world, the brain adapts to it very quickly and thinks it’s the real world.

و این تفاوت دید باعث بوجود اومدن حس عمق میشه و یک تصویر سه بعدی تولید میکنه. در واقع دوربین شما هستید و مغز شما تصویر رو به عنوان دید واقعی شما درنظر می گیره. البته افکت های ظریفی مثل صدای باد یا ضربان قلبتون که کم کم بالا میره هم باعث بوجود اومدن حس واقعی میشه.

Now, let’s see what VR can do in terms of education and learning. A: We’ve always wanted as humans to transcend time and space. Well, VR lets us do that. VR will let us learn, feel, remember and process new ideas in a more experiential and deeper way. Humans were hardwired to learn by doing and VR lets us do that. Your mind and your body will feel like it was real, and it will be real. It’s gonna be a new real. Well, now, VR can transform information into knowledge. So, Edgar Dale stated that after 2 weeks the human brain remembers 10% of what it reads, 20% of what it hears and 90% of what it does or simulates.

انسان همیشه خواسته فراتر از زمان و مکان حرکت کنه و وی آر این امکان رو به وجود میاره و باعث میشه مفاهیم رو عمیق تر تجربه کنه، یاد بگیره، حس کنه و به خاطر بسپاره. انسان طوری طراحی شده تا با تجربه کردن یاد بگیره و وی آر این امکان رو فراهم میکنه. ادگار دیل میگه، مغز انسان تا دو هفته 10 درصد چیزی رو که خونده به یاد میاره، 20 درصد چیزی رو که میشنوه و 90 درصد چیزی رو که انجام میده یا تقلید میکنه به خاطر داره. Me: As Confucius said almost 500 years BC: “I hear and forget, I see and remember, I do and I understand.” کنفسیوس هم میگه: چیزی رو که میشنوم فراموش میکنم، چیزی رو که میبینم به خاطر دارم و چیزی رو که انجام میدم می فهمم.

Now apart from education and learning, VR has been studied and used as an alternative medical treatment. It has been studied and proved effective in conditions like autism, ADHD, phobia, stress management and so much more. عالوه بر آموزش و یادگیری وی آر در زمینه پزشکی هم بعنوان درمان جایگزین استفاده شده و حتی تاثیر مثبتش در درمان اوتیسم، بیش فعالی، درمان ترس و استرس هم ثابت شده.

B: Because of its ability to tap into brain pathways, VR is also showing a lot of promise in the fields of cognitive and behavioral therapy. Research has shown that in a number of cases VR can actually be an effective alternative. The fact that VR can even be considered as a viable solution for some of these health challenges, can’t be understated. One thing is very clear: Embodiment in VR can induce a level of empathy and understanding that's more effective than any other form of communication that we have today, like a different project that you experience racism firsthand from the perspective of a black boy, as he grows up and experiences unequal treatment through no choice of his own.

به خاطر تاثیری که روی مغز داره استفاده از وی آر در زمینه درمان شناختی و رفتاری هم بسیار امیدوارکننده ست و چیزی که کاملا رو شنه اینه که تجسم در واقعیت مجازی می تونه حس نوع دوستی و درک بسیار بالاتری نسبت به سایر روشهای معمول ایجاد کنه. مثال پروژه ای که به عنوان یک پسربچه سیاه پوست نژاد پرستی و رفتار ناعادلانه رو مستقیم تجربه میکنی.

Me: Like what I heard somewhere, that you can treat severe burns using VR in order to reduce pain and increase the patient’s tolerance, by immersing them into a cool or snowy environment while their bandages are being changed. B: VR is actually an alternative to morphine.

یه جایی شنیدم که برای درمان سوختگی های شدید و کاهش درد در زمان تعویض پانسمان، با استفاده از واقعیت مجازی بیمار رو در یک محیط سرد و برفی قرار میدن.

So, to name a few, learning different skills like a language or a musical instrument, therapy and alternative treatments, relaxation and meditation, shopping, attending concerts real time, hanging out with friends from all over the world are among cases where VR is used. B: A lot of people have no idea that it’s being used for things other than games and entertainment. But what if I told you that the NFL, MBA and US Olympic ski team, all use VR to train for competition. Or that Ford, Folks wagon, BMW are using it not only to reinvent the car buying experience, but how they design cars in the first place. What if I told you that VR can actually be used to help alleviate stress and anxiety for people suffering from dementia or Alzheimer’s? But there’s this critical question. What are the downsides or drawbacks of VR? خب تا اینجا از کاربردهای بسیار خوب وی آر گفتیم مثل درمان جایگزین، آموزش و یادگیری، یادگیری زبان، خرید کردن، شرکت در کنسرت زنده و ارتباط با دوستان از سراسر دنیا و غیره. ولی سوالی که پیش میاد اینه: نقاط ضعف یا مضرات وی آر چیه؟

Honestly speaking, it might be too soon to judge since not so many people are exposed and used to utilizing VR and not a long enough time has passed since the onset of this phenomenon. However, what is evident even within this short period of time is the side effects that VR can have on us psychologically and physiologically. For instance, headache, dizziness, nausea, motion sickness and eye strain have been reported upon using VR goggles which is due to the imbalance between the signals your brain receives through your eyes and the ones received through the inner ear. In addition, we are all well aware of, or perhaps affected, by the impact of the sedentary lifestyle. Heart issues, obesity, digital fatigue so on and so forth. But, perhaps the most alarming issue would be psychological like social anxiety, isolation, lack of or decreased concentration, panic and the like.

شاید برای جواب دادن به این سوال هنوز زود باشه چون خیلی هنوز ازش استفاده نشده و زمان زیادی از بوجود اومدنش نمیگذره. اما در همین مدت کوتاه مشکلات جسمی و روحی که برامون ایجاد میکنه غیرقابل انکاره. مشکلات جسمی مثل سردرد، سرگیجه، تهوع بخصوص در زمان حرکت، خستگی چشم و غیره که به دلیل به هم خوردن تعادل سیگنالهای چشم و گوش میانی بوجود میاد. علاوه بر اینها هممون از مضرات عدم تحرک آگاهیم. مشکالت قلبی، چاقی و خستگی دیجیتال و خیلی چیزای دیگه. اما شاید مهمترین و نگران کننده ترین مشکل روانشناختی باشه، مثل اضطراب اجتماعی، تنهایی، عدم یا کمبود تمرکز، پانیک و امثال اینها.

So, dear listeners, what do you think? Do you think VR is to be excited about or afraid of? Do you think the advantages overweigh the disadvantages? Let us know what you think about it in the comments.

حاال نظر شما چیه؟ آیا هنوز فکر می کنید که واقعیت مجازی چیزیه که براش هیجان زده بشیم یا باید ازش بترسیم؟ آیا فکر می کنید مزایاش بیشتره یا مضراتش؟ نظرتون رو در این مورد باهامون در میون بذارید.

If you’re listening to this part, it means you have been with us throughout the entire podcast for which we are absolutely grateful. This podcast is brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto. Until next week, stay safe, stay tuned, byeee.

Glossary:

Word or expression /Definition /Meaning in Persian

1- First hand experience / Coming from original source, learned through direct experience / تجربه شخصی و مستقیم

2-Privilege / A special right or advantage /مزیت، امتیاز

3-Computer-generated/ Made by computer /کامپیوتری

4-Immerse / Dip or submerge, involve in something deeply / غوطه ور شدن، فرو بردن

5-Grasp/understand /درک کردن، فهمیدن

6- Project (v) / Stick out, stand out / برجسته بودن

7-Convey / Make known, communicate sth / انتقال (پیام)

8- Subtle/ Fine / ظریف

9- Transcend / Go beyond, exceed / فراتر رفتن

10- To be wired / To be set up in a certain way / تنظیم یا برنامه ریزی شده

11-Experiential / Based on experience / تجربی

12- Simulate/ Imitate, copy/

13-Alternative treatment /Treatments used instead of the traditional, mainstream therapy /طب یا درمان جایگزین

14- Tap into/ out work, Understand /درک کردن، سر در آوردن 15-Pathway/ track/ مسیر

16-Viable / feasible, Practical /کاربردی، قابل اجرا

17-Cognitive/ Relating to intellectual activity شناختی

18- Behavioral/ Relating to behavior /رفتاری

19-Embodiment /A tangible, visible form of an idea/ تجسم 20-Empathy /The ability to understand and relate to others’ feelings /یکدلی، درک

21-Downside /Disadvantage / نقطه ضعف

22-Drawback / Disadvantage / نقطه ضعف

23-Utilize/ Make use of, use /به کار بردن، استفاده کردن

24-Evident/ Obvious, apparent /معلوم، مشهود

25-Strain/ Stress, tension/ فشار

26-Sedentary /inactive, bound-Desk /ساکن، نشسته، بدون تحرک 27-Fatigue /Exhaustion, tiredness /خستگی مفرط

28-Isolation /Separation, quarantine /تنهایی

29-Onset /Beginning, the start of…/ شروع

30-Phenomenon /A remarkable event or thing /پدیده

متن پادکست:

You are listening to cyber podcast episode 13 – Tips to improve pronunciation

[baby crying]

A: Shhh....there, there!

A: My son is having trouble falling asleep. He’s so cranky these days. B: Oh, poor thing. Sometimes a beer can help them fall asleep.

A: A beer? Don’t you think it’s too soon or even harmful?

B: Harmful? How can a teddy beer be harmful?

A: Oh dear, you mean bear...a teddy bear!

[they both laugh]

Hello everyone and welcome to another episode of cyber podcast. Today we are talking about pronunciation but before we begin, let me ask you this: Have you ever been misunderstood because of your accent or mispronouncing a word? Ever felt embarrassed or perhaps frustrated because you had to keep repeating yourself to get yourself understood? Well, this is a very common issue many language- learners face and at times the only thing that keeps them from exercising and improving their speaking. I am Edith your host, and today I have decided to address pronunciation along with some tips to improve it.

تلفظ، یکی از جنبه های خیلی مهم یادگیری زبانه و به اندازه گرامر، لغت و مهارتهای چهارگانه مهمه. خیلیا فکر میکنن اگه جمله بندیشون درست باشه، پیغام به شنونده منتقل میشه و همین کافیه در حالیکه تلفظ نامناسب یا اشتباه نه تنها باعث میشه ارتباط موثر برقرار نشه بلکه گاهی باعث سوتفاهم هم میشه. برای دوری از این مشکل اول باید بدونیم تلفظ چی هست و شامل چه جنبه هایی میشه. پس بریم با هم یکم بیشتر در موردش یاد بگیریم.

So, first things first. Let’s briefly see what actually pronunciation is and what it consists of.

Pronunciation "refers to the way we make speech sounds; I mean vowels and consonants. As well as creating correct sounds using the muscles of our mouth, tongue and lips, there are other important aspects of pronunciation, including: word stress, sentence stress, linking sounds or connected speech and intonation, all of which lead to a standard accent if paid enough attention to.

Now, word and sentence stress refer to the part of a word or sentence which we pronounce more loudly and with more emphasis. One thing to remember about stress is that, it always falls on a vowel sound. Linking sounds or connected speech refers to when the words in a sentence are linked to one another through their first and final sounds to create a smoother flow. When words are connected, sometimes they do not sound the same as when they are pronounced individually and knowing how they change through linking can help us with our listening and speaking. Intonation on the other hand, is the rise and fall of our voice when we speak. Intonation is also very important to help us sound natural and less robot-like!

پس متوجه شدیم که تلفظ فقط به نحوه ادای حروف و کلمات در زبان نیست بلکه به آهنگ کلام یا intonation و تکیه روی هجاها یا همون استرس کلمه هم بر می گرده که گاهی حتی منجر به تغییر معنی یا کاربرد کلمه هم ممکنه بشه. و یا اتصال صداهای آخر یک کلمه به ابتدای کلمه دیگه باعث connected speech میشه و این امر در listening و speaking بسیار موثره. خب، حالا دونستن این نکات چه کمکی به تلفظ و لهجه ما میکنه؟ صرف دونستنش کمک خاصی نمیکنه اما اینکه چطور تمرین میکنیم مهمترین نکته ست. حالا یه نکته جالب! با چندتا از زبان آموزامون مصاحبه

کردم و متوجه شدم تقریبا همشون مهمترین قدم رو در این خصوص نمی دونن یا انجام نمیدن.... به ادامه پادکست گوش کنید تا ببینید این حلقه گمشده چیه!

Now, basically just knowing about these aspects will not help us with our pronunciation, so, we need to practice to master them. So, let’s listen to the following interviews with some learners to see how they practice pronunciation and what that one thing is that everyone misses out.

خب دیدیم که هرکدوم این زبان آموزا یه راهی برای تمرین تلفظ درست دارن اما همشون مثل اکثر زبان آموزای دیگه مهمترین کاری که باید بکنن رو

انجام نمیدن. اون کار چیه؟ گوش دادن!

You heard it right. Before you start practicing and repeating, you need to listen carefully. In other words, you need some ear training! to notice how different sounds are articulated or made. Like, say, in case of vowels, to see if they are long or short, or where the stress falls in a word. Or if the pronunciation matches the spelling or not. And about consonant sounds, to see whether they are pronounced in the same way they are in your own language. Also to pay attention to which parts of the mouth and lips or tongue are involved in producing the sound. So, listening carefully and actively is the first step to improve pronunciation.

پس تا اینجا فهمیدیم که خوب گوش دادن و در واقع تمرین گوش دادن اولین قدم برای تقویت تلفظه. بریم ببینیم دیگه چه تمرینایی میتونیم انجام بدیم.

I said, notice how a sound is produced. In other words, what is the place and manner of its articulation. Are your lips, your teeth, your tongue or your palate involved? For this, you may need to look at the speaker’s mouth closely and follow or copy the shape of their lips and how they produce the sound. When practicing on your own, you can even use a mirror to check your own manner of articulation and see if you do it correctly.

تمرین بعدی اینه که در زمان تمرین توجه کنید به اون بخشی از زبان یا دهان یا دندانها که در تولید صدای موردنظر نقش دارند و بعد با استفاده از یک آینه چک کنید که آیا درست تقلید می کنید یا نه. این تمرین ممکنه خنده دار به نظر بیاد اما وقتی دقیق مدل لبها، وضعیت زبان و دندانها رو چک می کنید احتمال اینکه درست تلفظ کنید خیلی بیشتره.

One more exercise that can help you a lot, especially outside class, is reading out loud. I don’t mean murmuring to yourself, but to read out loud. When you do so, you hear your words and can compare it with that of the speaker. Audio books are a great source for this exercise because you can use both the script and the audio to compare with your own pronunciation.

تمرین بعدی که می تونید مخصوصا خارج از کلاس زبان انجام بدین اینه که با صدای بلند متنی رو بخونید. منظورم زیر لب خوندن نیست ها، منظور قشنگ با صدای بلند و با تمرکز روی تلفظ هست. وقتی این کارو میکنید صدای خودتون رو موقع خوندن میشنوید و می تونید با صدای مثلا کتاب صوتی مقایسه کنید و از درستی تلفظتون مطمئن بشید. البته یادتون باشه که اول باید خوب گوش بدید هم به خودتون و هم به صدای آدیوبوک!

Another exercise that can help you is what is normally done in class but you can do it outside class as well. That is listening and repeating after the speaker. Repeating after a teacher, or the speaker in an audio has the advantage that you can ask for repetition or rewind the audio to listen to a word or sentence as many times as you need and then repeat it. And we all know that practice makes perfect. To take this a nudge up, you can record your voice when reading or repeating to listen to it again and notice areas to improve.

یه تمرینی که به احتمال زیاد سرکلاس زبان هم انجام دادین، گوش دادن و تکرار کردن هست. تکرار بعد از معلم زبانتون یا بعد از صدای گوینده کتاب صوتی. کاری که خیلی خیلی میتونه بهتون کمک کنه ضبط کردن صدای خودتونه. اگه پادکست های قبلی یعنی fluency و speaking مارو گوش

کرده باشین از فواید این تمرین اونجا هم گفتیم. اولش ممکنه شنیدن صدای خودتون خیلی خوشایند نباشه ولی کم کم عادی میشه و از این تمرین لذت هم می برین، مخصوصا وقتی پیشرفت خودتون رو ببینین.

The next exercise is also one we mentioned in our previous podcast; tongue twisters. Do not ever underestimate the potential and the effectiveness of tongue twisters. They may sound like fun or at times even ridiculous, but they actually are really helpful in terms of improving pronunciation.

راجع به tongue twisters در پادکست قبلی باز گفتیم. تاثیر گذاری tongue twisters رو هیچوقت دستکم نگیرید چون ممکنه به نظر فان و کار مسخره ای بیاد اما واقعا در تقویت تلفظ موثره. کافیه چندبار امتحانش کنید. مثلا همین الان. این جمله رو که میگم سه بار بعد از من تکرار کنین.

The sun shines on shop signs.

And the last exercise in our list is practicing with applications that help you learn languages, especially if they ask you to repeat words or sentences and they check to provide feedback. These applications provide instant feedback, so you can make sure you are on the right track.

تمرین آخری که در این پادکست بهش اشاره می کنیم استفاده از اپلیکیشن های آموزش زبان هست که تمرین تکرار و فیدبک داره و معمولا یه جوری تلفظ رو تمرین میکنه که تا درست تکرار نکنین ولتون نمیکنه و نمیذاره به مرحله بعد برین. خوبی این اپلیکیشن ها اینه که بلافاصله بهتون بازخورد میدن و مطمئن میشید که دارید درست پیش میرید.

So, let’s review together the types of exercises we discussed today:

1. 1. Ear-training
2. 2. Imitating the speaker using a mirror
3. 3. Reading out loud
4. 4. Listening, repeating and recording your voice
5. 5. Tongue twisters
6. 6. Practicing with applications

So, you have a toolkit right there in your hand to practice pronunciation to sound great speaking English. Remember, a good accent and pronunciation can boost your confidence both in class and in an English- speaking environment, giving you the courage to speak your mind and communicate efficiently. So, what are you waiting for? You may start right now with this very podcast.

در این پادکست موثرترین روشهای تمرین و تقویت تلفظ رو با هم مرور کردیم. متن و صدای همین پادکست هم میتونه منبعی برای تمرین شما باشه. پس معطل چی هستین؟ همین الان شروع کنین!

Dear listeners, if you’re listening to this part, it means you’ve stayed with us throughout the podcast for which we are absolutely grateful. I hope the tips shared in this podcast will help you tackle any possible pronunciation issues you may have. Please let us know of your improvement.

لطفا ما رو در جریان پیشرفت و یادگیری خودتون قرار بدین و اگه نیاز به مشاوره دارین حتما با ما تماس بگیرین. این پادکست رو به دوستان زبان دوستتون هم معرفی کنین.

This podcast was brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto. Until next week and another topic, stay safe, stay tuned, byeeee!

Glossory:

Frustrated: annoyance from inability to succeed in doing something Intonation: the rise and fall of one’s voice when they speak Articulate: pronounce clearly and distinctly

Vowel: the sounds a/e/i/o/u

Consonant: all the alphabet sounds except vowels Manner: a way in which something is done Palate: the roof of the mouth

Murmur: say something softly and quietly Rewind: wind back to the beginning

کلافه یا نا امید شدن آهنگ کلام

تولید کردن صدا، ادا کردن حروف صدادار

حروف بی صدا نحوه/روش

سق دهان / کام زمزمه کردن عقب زدن، از سر تکرار کردن

Nudge: a light touch or push

Underestimate: estimate or consider something smaller or less than what it is

Potential: having or showing the capacity to develop into something

Ridiculous: absurd, laughable

Toolkit: a set of tools to be used for a particular purpose

Efficiently: in a well-organized and competent way with maximum productivity

برخورد کردن با مشکلی یا کاری Tackle: make determined effort to deal with a problem or task

متن پادکست:

Hello everyone and welcome to this episode of cyber podcast. Today we are going to deal with perhaps the least favorite skill of language; the writing skill. Let me first tell you what we are going to talk about today and then we will get down to it. First, you’re going to hear some of the most commonly asked questions about writing and Alireza is here with me to help me answer those questions and recommend practical advice.

چه زبان آموز باشی چه فارغ التحصیل حتما برات پیش اومده که سر رایتینگ حوصله ت سر رفته باشه یا حتی گیر کرده باشی. خب، حق هم داری چون به عنوان یک فارسی زبان تاکید خیلی کمی روی نگارش در مدرسه و حتی دانشگاه وجود داشته و وقتی وارد یک زبان دیگه میشیم تازه متوجه میشم که نگارش هم جزی از زبانه و اونم جزو مهمش! من ادیت هستم و توی پادکست امروز میخوایم راهکارهای کاربردی رو برای تقویت و تسهیل رایتینگ با هم مرور کنیم. پس با من همراه باشین!

[echoing questions – fading]

Now, if you are a language learner, you must have had writing assignments and probably it may have felt like a burden. Most learners dislike writing and ask the following question:

1. Why do we have to write? Why should we know how to write?

E: To answer this question, you should first remember that communication is one of the most essential skills we need, especially in today’s society. Writing is a means of communication and in fact the one utilized in some of the most critical situations of life. Like when writing academic articles, thesis, a contract, a resume, a survey, so on and so forth. Therefore, learning how to write is also an inseparable part of learning a language.

به عنوان یکی از روشهای برقراری ارتباط نگارش یا رایتینگ جزو جدایی ناپذیر هر زبانیه، مخصوصا در دنیای امروز چرا که ازش در مهمترین فرآیندهای زندگیمون استفاده می کنیم مثل مقالات یا تز دانشگاهی، قراردادها، رزومه و خیلی کارهای دیگه. بنابراین، یادگیری رایتینگ هم به همین اندازه مهم و ضروری به نظر میرسه.

2. Why is it so hard to start writing?

E: There are two questions to answer before you start writing. First, ‘What am I going to write about?”, which actually refers to your topic, and second, ‘How am I going to write it?”. Writing gets hard and overwhelming when you have no answer to these questions, or in other words, you have no plan. You cannot start writing whatever that comes to your mind without a specific purpose, order or sequence. All of us know how chaotic our minds could be, so, writing without a plan will also result in a confusing and chaotic piece which no one can make the head or tail of. What you write about is the message you want to get across, or let’s say the answer to the writing question. And how to write it is actually based on the plan you need to have and the specific structure you need to stick to

A: Exactly! Forming an outline will help solidify structure. An outline can clarify what you’re hoping to convey in each section, enable you to visualize the flow of your piece, and the parts that require more research or thought. Before putting pen to paper, sketch out an outline of what you plan to write. This will be your battle plan, and it will help you win the war. A simple framework of which sections should

appear in a particular order, along with a few sentences about what each section contains, may be enough.

It’s important to note that your structure should look different depending on what you’re writing. An essay typically has an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. A fiction piece might follow the six-stage plot structure. A letter or e-mail will of course be different, depending on whether it’s formal or informal. So, before you write, consider what it is you’re going to write.

برای پاسخ به این سوال اول باید به دوتا سوال جواب بدیم: "چی بنویسم؟" و "چطور بنویسم؟" رایتینگ زمانی سخت و چالش برانگیز میشه که جواب این دوتا سوال رو نداشته باشیم یا به عبارتی براش پلن نداشته باشیم. از اونجایی که ذهن ما میتونه آشفته و نامنظم باشه، اگه بدون پلن شروع به رایتینگ بکنیم، متنمون هم مثل ذهنمون آشفته و نامنظم میشه. داشتن یه طرح کلی یا outline میتونه بهمون یه ساختار منسجم بده تا بدونید مطالب رو با چه ترتیبی بیان کنید. یک outline مثل نقشه جنگی میمونه که باعث میشه در میدان جنگ پیروز بشید. همچنین به یاد داشته باشید که متون و موضوعات مختلف با ساختارهای متفاوتی نوشته میشن. پس قبل از نوشتن باید به نوع متن هم توجه داشته باشید.

3.

I keep receiving feedback about cohesion and coherence. What are they actually?

E: Perhaps the most important aspects of a writing! Cohesion and coherence also refer back to the plan we talked about. But let’s see what they actually mean. Cohesion is the order or flow of ideas from one sentence or paragraph to another. It’s like a glue connecting the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle correctly. Coherence, on the other hand, is the clear and logical organization or sequence of ideas presented in the writing. Remember that cohesion can lead to coherence. Cohesion can be fostered using correct linking words, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and subject-verb agreement; just like how sign posts show us which way to go!

انسجام متن و ارتباط بخشها و مطالب متن از ارکان بسیار مهم در رایتینگ هست. انسجام یا cohesion ترتیب یا روند پیش روی ایده های یه متن از یه جمله به جمله بعدی میشه. Coherence از طرف دیگه، ارتباط معنایی و ساختاری پاراگرافهای مختلف متنه. Cohesion درست مثل تابلوهایی که راه رو نشون میدن با استفاده از کلمات ربط، حروف اضافه، ضمایر و هماهنگی فعل و فاعل ایجاد بشه.

4. I know each writing should have at least an introduction, a body and a conclusion. But what do I write in each?

E: Simply put, I’d say in the introduction you tell the readers what you are going to tell them in. You first write a broad background statement, then you paraphrase the question and then briefly tell the reader what your opinion is. In the body, you tell them in details. You write a topic sentence and support it with a few examples or reasoning. You may have one or many paragraphs for the body part. In the conclusion you tell them what you told them. It’s like a summary of the article. You write a topic sentence and the summary of the most important arguments. Remember, no new information should be in the conclusion.

در introduction در واقع به خواننده میگیم قراره چی بهشون بگیم. این یعنی یک جمله کلی که زمینه ساز موضوع باشه و بعد تفسیر یا paraphrase سوال و سپس موضع ما نسبت به موضوع introduction ما رو تشکیل میده. در بخش body جزییات موضوع رو با مثال یا دلایل ارائه میدین. این بخش میتونه از یک یا چند پاراگراف تشکیل شده باشه. در بخش conclusion به خواننده میگیم که چی بهشون گفتیم. در واقع یک topic sentence و بعد خلاصه ای از چیزی که در قسمت body گفته شده. فقط یادتون باشه در conclusion هیچ اطلاعات جدیدی نوشته

نمیشه.

5

. What advice would you give to someone who can write fairly well but still wants to improve it?

E: Well, simple written accurately is way better than complicated written inaccurately. So, keep it short and simple. Your purpose should be getting an idea across clearly.

رایتینگی که ساده اما درست نوشته شده باشه از رایتینگ پیچیده و نادرست خیلی بهتره. پس بهتره کوتاه و ساده نگهش داریم. هدف شما از رایتینگ رسوندن یه پیام به سادگی و وضوح هست.

A: Absolutely! Grammar and spelling keep your writing consistent and legible, but structure ensures the big ideas get across to the reader.

گرامر و دیکته میتونه رایتینگ شما رو منسجم و قابل خواندن بکنه اما ساختار یا structure باعث میشه که ایده اصلی به وضوح به مخاطب برسه.

Sh: And I’d add, make use of set phrases or a list of linkers. However, you have to be careful not to overdo it. Try to use variety of set phrases but do it consciously. The phrases should match what you are saying and the register. In addition, avoid using boring words. Try to get used to using stronger words. Allow me to elaborate on that, imagine you have a written a sentence or two about your daily routine. It reads: “I wake up at 6 every day. That’s my habit.” Next time around when you read the same sentence, you try to make it more interesting and put into practice the idioms, expressions and words that you have learnt by saying “I’m a creature of habit and I prefer to stick to a routine, so I always wake up at 6. See! Just like that!

میتونید از عبارات و کلمات ربط که حفظ کردین استفاده کنین ولی بیش از حد ازشون استفاده نکنین. عباراتی که استفاده می کنید باید به انسجام جملات و مطالب کمک کنه. علاوه بر این، از کلمات عادی و کسل کننده استفاده نکنید. بجاش از کلمات و عبارات قوی تر استفاده کنید.

E: And to conclude, I’d say, don’t forget to check your work. Most of the times, the mistakes we make are not because we don’t know a structure or rule, but simply because we did not check the work. Don’t expect yourself to write a perfect first draft. Make mistakes, write as many first drafts as you have to, and at the end check your final draft. Even if you write only one paragraph, read it several times because each time you go over your draft you might feel that some words or structures need to be rewritten.

حتما مطمئن بشید که پاکنویس یا final draft تون رو مرور میکنید. خیلی از اشتباهات ما به خاطر اینه که پاکنویسمون رو چک نمی کنیم. E: Also, you’ve got to write on a daily basis even for ten minutes a day. It’s not big of a deal. Is it?

I know it’s hard to stare at a blank piece of paper wondering what to write about, I’ve been there before, but trust me once you put pen to paper and make it a part of your routine you will master the skill before you know it. And finally, I’ve always subscribed to the idea that there’s no shortcut to success and practice does make perfect.

Wow, this episode, I believe, is like a mini writing toolkit which can enable learners to do a great job. A and Sh: Yeah, right. / I wish somebody had told me these things when I was a student [laughingly] E: I know, right? [laughingly]

A, Sh and E (fading conversation): [E: when we were students everything was so much harder, Sh: Yeah we learned things the hard way [laughingly] A: I know...poor us! [laughingly] ]

So, dear listeners, I hope the tips shared in this episode are going to help you develop perhaps the hardest skill easily and that not only will you be able to write better but you will also enjoy doing it.

Make sure to let us know of your experience about writing and how the tips shared here could help you.

در آخر یادتون باشه برای تقویت رایتینگ، اول از همه باید reading زیاد انجام بدیم تا در معرض ساختارها و نگارش انواع متن قرار بگیریم. هر چه بیشتر متن و مقاله و مطلب بخونیم بیشتر ساختارها و جملات در ذهنمون نقش می بندن و کاربردی میشن.

At the end I would like to thank Alireza, who like always helped me with his expertise and knowledge to put together this episode. This podcast was brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto. Until next week, stay safe stay tuned...byeee.

متن پادکست:

Ever wondered how babies start to talk? If you are blessed to have a baby around, you are most probably thrilled and amazed whenever you see them repeat after your words or phrases regardless of how well they do that. The thing is, humans basically learn to talk by hearing and repeating, which happens almost automatically. So, if you want to improve speaking in another language, the easiest and most straight forward method would be listening to and repeating what you hear. But, it’s not as simple as that because speaking is much more than just using correct words or grammar.

وقتی حرف یادگیری یه زبان خارجی میشه، عمدتا تمرکزمون رو میذاریم فقط روی مکالمه. خب البته کاملا هم قابل درکه چون در واقع زبان رو برای مکالمه

یا برقراری ارتباط کلامی نیاز داریم بیشتر. اما قبل از اینکه شروع به صحبت کنیم باید از یه الگو پیروی کنیم و برای این کار باید اول شنونده خوبی باشیم.

من ادیت هستم و در این قسمت از سایبرپادکست میخوام تجربیات و آموخته های خودمو در این مورد باهاتون به اشتراک بذارم و چندتا راه برای یادگیری و

تقویت مکالمه بهتون پیشنهاد کنم. پس، با کاغذ و قلمتون با من همراه بشید.

We said speaking is so much more than just using the right words or grammar, so let’s first review what it really involves and then see how we can improve this important skill. First, think of different occasions where you have to speak or communicate, different situations. Like at a party, when shopping, at work, in class. Paying attention to all the details, we can say that speaking involves reacting, body language, turn taking, formality or informality, pronunciation and intonation, discourse, so on and so forth. So, if you are learning English and are keen on improving your speaking skill, make sure you listen to this podcast with focus and concentration and make notes of the suggestions provided.

In our previous episodes we talked about fluency and accuracy, two major aspects of speaking and how you can improve them. Now, why are we addressing speaking today again? Because you may be fluent and yet not be able to speak well or you could also be accurate and still not be able to speak well. The tips and exercises provided in today’s episode along with the previous ones will equip you with exercises that will help you improve your speaking.

قبل از هر چیز باید بدونیم که speaking چیزی فراتر از استفاده درست از کلمات و گرامر هست. اگه دقیق بهش فکر کنیم متوجه میشیم که speaking

شامل ابراز احساسات و هیجانات، عکس العمل نشان دادن، استفاده از زبان بدن، کلام رسمی و غیر رسمی، آهنگ کلام، تلفظ و خیلی چیزهای دیگه میشه.

پس اگه زبان آموز هستید و دوست دارید که speaking تون رو تقویت کنید به نکاتی که توی این پادکست گفته میشه خوب دقت کنید چون تمرینهایی

که پیشنهاد میشه کاملا علمی هستند و امتحان خودشون رو پس دادند.

We said the general rule for learning to speak a language is listening and repeating. Remember that listening can be intentional and unintentional. I mean, you may decide to listen to some audio with focus and concentration for practice or you just get exposed to some audio for no particular reason. If you are practicing speaking, you’ll need to listen intentionally, closely. But this listening is not just to respond to something or repeat words or phrases. You need to listen to copy pronunciation, intonation, discourse, words, connected speech and other things.

گفتیم برای تمرین speaking قدم اول listening هست که باید به صورت متمرکز و با دقت بالا انجام بشه. دقت بالا برای کپی کردن نوع تلفظ،

آهنگ کلام، کلمات استفاده شده و غیره هست و فقط به تکرار واژگان و عبارتها ختم نمیشه.

Now, we have listened to something and want to repeat and practice. Are there particular strategies we need to take? Sure there are! Here we are some:

خب، فرض می کنیم که به محتوای صوتی به خوبی گوش دادیم و حالا میخوایم تمرین speaking انجام بدیم. بریم ببینیم چه راههایی برای این کار

هست:

1: Listen and repeat:

This technique is called shadowing, echoing or imitation. It does not mean you become a parrot of somebody, though. You set goals to listen to something for a particular goal and you repeat it with focus and attention. There are different ways this technique is done. For instance:

One way is; you listen and pause the audio after each sentence or phrase paying attention to the intonation and pronunciation or the register or the language used. Then repeat as many times as you feel like. Remember that in this exercise you can slow down the speed of the audio if necessary. You can also increase the length of the phrases you want to repeat, to increase the level of difficulty and challenge yourself a bit more each time, like what you do in progressive training.

In the second method, you repeat with no pauses in between. Listen to each sentence or phrase and repeat just a split second after the speaker.

One other way to do this is to listen but then go a step further to repeat and record your voice this time. Then compare it with the original audio. This helps you notice what areas you need more improvement.

روش اول که همون تکرار یا تقلید هست و به اصطلاح shadowing یا echoing بهش گفته میشه زمانی هست که شما یک بخش شنیداری رو

پخش می کنید و بعد جملات یا عبارات رو تکرار می کنید. این کار رو می تونید بلافاصله بعد از پخش شدن جملات، یعنی بدون وقفه یا pause کردن

انجام بدید و یا بعد از هر جمله pause کنید و بعد چندید بار تکرار کنید. حتی می تونید کم کم بخشهای بزرگتری رو تکرارکنید. اگه بخواین یک قدم فراتر

یعنی a step further برید، زمانی که جمله رو تکرار می کنید صدای خودتون رو ضبط کنید و بعدش بهش گوش بدید و با نمونه اصلی مقایسه کنید.

شاید خیلی سخت یا ناخوشایند به نظر بیاد ولی همین یک تمرین می تونه به اندازه تمام تمرینهای دیگه مفید باشه برا ی speaking .

2: Movie role-play:

Another technique or exercise to improve speaking is through watching movies. What you do in this method is you choose the movie you like and you play your favorite scene on mute. As the movie is playing you describe what is happening or what exactly you see. You can also choose your favorite character and as you play the movie on mute say the script in your own words. In other words, you do a kind of role play, like what you do in an English class, but this time with the opposing character of the movie. This exercise helps you think on your feet; quickly, as you might need in a real situation.

تمرین دوم خیلی جالب و باحاله. فیلم مورد علاقه تون رو انتخاب کنید، یه صحنه ازش پیدا کنید و بدون صدا پخشش کنید. سعی کنید اتفاقات و صحنه ها

رو با کلمات و جمله بندی خودتون توصیف کنید. یا اینکه می تونید باز بدون صدا پخش کنید و بجای یکی از کاراکترها صحبت کنید. هرجا که نمی دونید

چطور موضوع رو بیان کنید، با صدای فیلم تمرین کنید. این تمرین هم فانه و هم خیلی موثر! این نوع تمرین به سریع یا بداهه فکر کردن هم بهتون کمک

میکنه!

3. Singing along:

If you are into music and enjoy listening to English songs, you can make a very good use of this and practice through songs. Since they are rhythmic, songs can be very motivating to practice with as they will stick to mind more easily. But you need to consider the fact that sometimes song lyrics may not be grammatically correct.

اکثر ما از نوعی موسیقی لذت می بریم. حالا اگه یادگیری و تمرین زبان رو با کاری که ازش لذت می بریم ادغام کنیم، سرعت و ک یفیت یادگیری چندین

برابر میشه. وقتی با یه آهنگ همخونی می کنید، به دلیل وجود ملودی و ریتم جملات یا عبارات بهتر توی ذهن تون میمو نن و راحتتر می تونید ازشون استفاده

کنید. فقط یه نکته ای که نباید فراموش کنید اینه که بعضی از آهنگها به دلیل حفظ قافیه ممکنه از نظر گرامری درست نباشند ولی خب استفاده میشن.

4. Read out loud:

Although reading out loud has little value in terms of comprehension, it can help improve speaking, pronunciation, grammar and writing. Amazing, isn’t it? When you read a text out loud, you can hear yourself saying grammatically correct sentences. When done consistently, it will help you pick structures implicitly; which means you don’t realize you are learning but subconsciously you actually are. One more thing that can help you in this exercise is an audiobook. Audiobooks provide you with both the script and the audio with which you can practice very easily.

روش چهارم ممکنه احمقانه به نظر بیاد ولی روش بسیار موثری هست. خوندن با صدای بلند. وقتی متنی رو با صدای بلند می خونید صدای خودتون رو می

شنوید و این باعث میشه جملاتی که می خونید وارد ناخودآگاهتون بشه و بعدها بتونید راحتتر ازشون استفاده کنید. در ضمن می تونید باهاش تلفظ، گرامر و

رایتینگ هم حتی تقویت کنید. در این نوع تمرین، آدیوبوک یا کتاب صوتی می تونه خیلی مفید باشه.

5. Tongue twisters:

So often than not, students avoid speaking not because they don’t know what or how to say things, but because they are overly concerned about their pronunciation and accent. This is another area where you need close listening and repeating, but repeating tongue twisters this time. Many people think tongue twisters are there only for fun, but the fact is that they help you get your mouth and tongue around sounds and words, especially if they are challenging or different from that of your mother tongue.

توی اکثر زبانها از جمله فارسی هم tongue twisters وجود داره. جملاتی که تکرارشون به دلیل وجود صداهای مشابه سخت و چالشیه و در ننتیجه خنده

دار به گوش میرسن. این جملات نه تنها جنبه فان دارن در تلفظ و تمرین اسپیکینگ خیلی میتونن موثر باشن.

At the end I would like to pinpoint a couple of other points considering which can ease your learning process. For example for exercises where you need to listen and repeat, make sure you choose a voice you like and enjoy listening to. If you don’t enjoy what you are listening to, chances are you will get bored quickly and stop it altogether. And one more thing, remember to set goals and be intentional about what you are doing.

There are certainly many other ways one can practice speaking. The most important thing is to find out what works best for you and what you enjoy most. If you have never thought about this question or don’t know the answer, I bet it is time you do. Go over the 5 tips introduced in this podcast and see which one can help you better. Let us know what you think and how you are exercising this skill but before doing that I have a question for you. What do the techniques introduced in this podcast have in common? How are they similar? Come on! It’s very obvious and important. You listen and repeat, you role play, you sing along, you read out loud or you say tongue twisters. So, any clues? Well, let me give you one. Do you need anybody to practice with? Absolutely not! These exercises can be practiced alone. So, if you are not living in an English-speaking country or you have no one to speak in English to, don’t worry a bit. These exercises can help you and can do the job!

در آخر یادتون باشه لذت بردن از کاری که میکنید یادگیری و تاثیر اونو چند برابر میکنه. پس تمرین یا راهی روکه انتخاب کنید ازش لذت ببرید. مطمئنم یکی

یا شایدم تمام این روشها رو اگه امتحان کنین حتما ازشون لذت می برین. در ضمن، اگه گفتین روشهایی که امروز بهتون معرفی شد چه وجه اشتراکی با هم

دارند؟

خب جوابش چی شد ؟ بله، اگه کسی رو ندارین که باهاش مکالمه انگلیسی تمرین کنین اصلا نگران نباشین. تمام این تمرینها رو می تونید به تنهایی هم

انجام بدین و این در حالیه که ازشون لذت هم می برین! پس معطل چی هستین؟ می تونین با متن همین پادکست همین الان شروع به تمرین کنین!

Thank you so very much for being with me today. This podcast was brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto.

Until next week, stay tuned stay safe, bye.

This is cyber podcast episode 9 – 5 tips to improve vocabulary

الف: خب بچه ها آماده این؟ حرف F

ب: من از همین الان باختم! تو فارسیش موندم، چه برسه به اسم فامیل انگلیسی!

ج: آره، ولی فانه. بذار یه دور بریم ببینیم چقدر بلدیم .

الف: یک، دو، سه....شروع!

ب: میوه با F نداریم...داریم؟؟ ؟

ج: داریم من نوشتم! ولی کشور ....کشور فکر کنم نداریم....

الف: Stop ! من تموم کردم...

ب و ج: نه خیرر....قبول نیست. تو زبانت از ما بهتره....

الف: نه بابا...منم اصلا لغتم خوب نیست....هیچی یادم نمیمونه!!!

Oh…it’s on the tip of my tongue. I think it starts with “g”! Oh, noooo….I can’t remember it, why???

I’m sure you’ve been in this situation too. You think you know a word but you can’t remember it or sometimes, you know the word but don’t know how to use it. So frustrating, isn’t it?

Well, you are not alone. At some point, every student of English experiences such a frustration. But you need to know that improving this aspect of a language is not really all that difficult if you take the right method and find out what works best for you. So, that is why for this episode of cyber podcast we have put together a list of methods you can apply to improve vocabulary. Like always, some of our best teachers are with me to give tips and ideas on the topic. So, if you’re ready, let’s get the ball rolling!

حتی اگه گرامر هم خوب بلد نباشی، داشتن ذخیره لغت خوب میتونه خیلی وقتها کارت رو راه بندازه و میتونی اون ارتباط کلامی که لازم داری رو برقرار کنی.

خیلی وقتها از شاگردام شنیدم که میگن من حفظیاتم خوب نیست. از این طرف میخونم از اون طرف یادم میره. یا خیلی میخونم ولی زبان فراره و از این جور

چیزا. به نظر من دلیل عمده این مشکل روش خوندن نادرست هست که هم زمان و انرژی رو هدر میده و هم در نهایت ناامیدمون میکنه. من ادیت هستم و

توی پادکست امروز میخوایم ببینیم که آیا روش خوندن ما درست هست یا نه و اینکه چه روشهای موثری وجود دارن که میتونن کمکمون کنن. پس، کاغذ و

قلمتون رو آماده کنین و با دقت و تمرکز با من همراه باشید.

E: Hello you guys and thanks so much for accepting my invitation. I really feel great whenever we share ideas and experiences about learning and helping learners through scientific tested and tried methods.

A: Hi Edith thanks for the invite.

Sh: Oh, it’s a pleasure.

E: So, all of us have come across students who had difficulties learning vocabulary or that they thought they did. Why do you think this happens to almost everyone?

Sh: Well, one reason I guess could be because we don’t know how to study in general. We don’t know that each skill may require a different approach or effort and we cannot take the same method to learn everything. In other words, the problem is not the subject or the level of difficulty but in fact “study skills”; do we know how to study or do we know we need to know how to study?

A: Can’t agree more. And I really feel for those who put in a lot of time and energy but can’t get the result they want.

E: Exactly. So annoying indeed. So, what is the first thing to realize and what do we need to do?

نکته بسیار مهمی رو اشاره کرد شبنم، که نه تنها در یادگیری زبان بلکه در یادگیری هر مهارت دیگه ای مهمه. اینکه بلد باشیم چطور درس بخونیم که واقعا

یاد بگیریم.

A: The first thing to realize is that your brain is hardwired to survive. In other words, if something is not necessary for your survival, your brain simply gets rid of it. So, if the vocabulary item you choose to learn has no meaning to you personally and does not help you in any way, it gets thrown away! It’s not your fault to forget things. Your brain does it naturally.

E: Oh, so here is the culprit [laughingly] …

A: Yeah, also if something is boring it gets forgotten easily!

E: Sure it does. I think we have all experienced it in some way.

Sh: Exactly.

شاید براتون سوال باشه که چرا یه سری از کلمات یا اطلاعات رو سریع یاد می گیریم ولی یه سری دیگه رو فراموش می کنیم. گفتیم که مغز ما طوری برنامه

ریزی شده یا is hardwired که بیشتر به survival یا بقا فکر میکنه. پس هر اطلاعاتی که حیاتی و ضروری نباشه رو دور میریزه. بنابراین باید در

انتخابمون دقت داشته باشیم.

E: Shabnam how about you? Do you agree with what Alireza said? 100%! And that is why , you can’t expect yourself to remember a word just because you have spent forever memorizing it.

A: Exactly! Actually, I’d say, stop memorizing words.

E: Wow…interesting. What do you mean stop memorizing?

A: I mean, memorization is not the way that will get you where you’re trying to go. Rather, you need to acquire the words naturally.

E: Now what do you mean by that?

A: I mean, you should learn through doing something that you enjoy and which is meaningful to you. This helps you get exposed to it enough and remember it through a pleasant activity.

Sh: I second that. But the process does not stop there. You also need to put it into practice and personalize the word.

خب حالا باید چکار کنیم؟ باید کلمات رو در شرایط و محیط طبیعی فرا بگیریم. این یعنی از طریق یه بستر معنا داری که برای ما ملموس و قابل درک و در

عین حال خوشایند باشه.

E: And what do you mean exactly by personalization?

A: It means to relate the word or the concept to yourself, your personal life. The simplest way to do that is to think of a real situation where you can relate that thing to yourself.

E: This is very interesting. Can you guys make some examples?

Sh: Sure. Let’s say the new word we want to learn is for example the word “exposure”. Think of how you can make a true sentence about yourself with it! We say true, because if it is not, chances of you forgetting it are higher. For instance, you say “Due to long exposure to the sun, I got a sunburn.”

E: Uh huh…but how about the words you can’t relate to? I mean there are concepts you have no experience whatsoever about? So, what do you do about them?

Sh: Yeah, right. I’d say the more exposed you get to the example sentences with the word; like in movies, texts, songs and the like, the higher the chances of you noticing and learning the word will be.

یک تکنیک فوق العاده ضروری برای یادگیری در زبان شخصی سازی یا personalize کردن مطلب هست. یعنی اون ایتم رو به خودمون و زندگی

خودمون در شرایط واقعی ربط بدیم. برای کلماتی هم که که ارتباط مستقیم با زندگی یا تجربه شخصی ما پیدا نمی کنند بهترین کار اینه که هر چه بیشتر

خودمون رو در معرض اون کلمه یا عبارت قرار بدیم. مثلا از طریق فیلم، موزیک، متن و غیره .

E: Now, an interesting method I myself have been using is one of the memory reinforcement strategies. It works like this. Imagine you run into the word “bucket” and you don’t know its meaning. What you do is, you make a story about it in your mind. The story needs to have some characteristics, though. It should be funny, colorful, exaggerated and possibly including a word that rhymes with another word you already know.

Sh: Hmm…this is fun I guess?!! How about trying it out now?

E: Sure, let’s do that. For example, I imagine myself putting a big red bucket into my pocket. Here, the whole action is sort of silly, it’s colorful and the words pocket and bucket rhyme. So, the moment I say pocket, most probably I’ll remember bucket.

Sh: Wow…interesting. I think I’m gonna try this method. [chuckles]

A: Yeah, it sounds like fun. Right? [chuckles]

اگه بخواین از تکنیک های تقویت حافظه کمک بگیرید باید یک تصویر ذهنی واضح از شرایط واقعی یا شبه واقعی در ذهنتون درست کنید و یه جوری اون کلمه

خاص رو بهش ربط بدین. مثلا اگه میخواین کلمه bucket رو به خاطر بسپارین، یه سطل گنده قرمز رنگ در تصور کنین که دارین سعی می کنین بذارین

توی pocket یا جیبتون. حالا چرا pocket ؟ چون این کلمه رو بلدین و اینکه آهنگ این کلمه خیلی شبیه bucket هست. پس با به یاد آوردن چیزی

که از قبل می دونین و ربط دادنش به اطلاعات جدید، راحت تر می تونید اونو به خاطر بسپارین. هر چقدر تصویر ذهنیتون خنده دارتر و رنگی تر و اغراق آمیز

تر باشه بهتر توی ذهنتون میمونه.

E: Exactly. The funnier and more colorful, the better. How about you guys? Do you have a particular way of learning vocabulary?

A: Yeah, I do. For me, it’s learning the word in a phrase or a sentence or collection of phrases the word is used in. Like, for the word “sheer” I try to practice the phrase “sheer truth” meaning absolute or pure truth. I don’t practice words in isolation.

Sh: Nice! It also works for me. But the thing is, you need to be repeating these phrases so they will become a part of you. Remember? Practice makes perfect!

روشی که علیرضا پیشنهاد داد هم بسیار روش مفیدی هست و خیلی به درست استفاده کردن کلمات کمک میکنه. سعی کنید کلمه رو به تنهایی حفظ نکنید

بلکه توی یه عبارت یا جمله تمرین کنید .

E: Yeah, right. So, so far, we learned that we need to select words carefully, and also, we need to visualize and personalize them. Have I missed anything?

A: Perhaps the most important step [laughingly].

E: Oh…and what is that?

A: Review! Without reviewing, you can rest assured you will forget them again.

E: Oh, right…right! So, select, visualize, personalize and review!

Now, there’s this concept of active and passive vocabulary. How do you define those and which one’s more important do you think?

A: Well, if I may?

E: Sure, go ahead please.

A: Yeah, there are two types of words in our vocabulary knowledge. The words that we normally use when speaking. They are obviously the active vocabulary. On the other hand, there are words we know or understand the meaning, perhaps in an article or a context, but we do not use them in our speaking. These are called passive vocabulary. Now, to answer which group is more important, I should say both. Passive vocabulary is also an important part of your knowledge as it’s necessary for the comprehension of texts or communication.

Sh: Right, and I should add that we shouldn’t underestimate passive vocabulary because with practice they can easily become a part of our active vocabulary.

E: You bet! That was a very good point you mentioned. Actually, I’d say, instead of trying to expand your vocabulary range, try to activate the passive vocabulary.

A: Yeah, right.

Sh: Exactly.

به یه نکته قابل تامل در اینجا اشاره شد. دایره لغات فعال و غیرفعال. لغات فعال اونهایی هستند که معمولا در صحبت ازشون استفاده می کنیم و غیرفعال

اونهایی هستند که می فهمیم و درک می کنیم اما ازشون استفاده نمی کنیم و باید بدونیم که هر دو گروه مهمند چون غیرفعال ها در درک مطلب بهمون

کمک میکنن و فعالها در مکالمه.

E: Now, how about learning word families? How do you think it can help us improve vocabulary?

A: Oh, I was actually looking forward to this question.

E: Oh yeah? Sorry to keep you waiting [laughingly] [everyone laughs]

A: No problem [laughingly]. Well, one of the most effective ways that can help you learn and expand vocabulary fast and easy is learning about word families; learning different parts of speech, especially if you can break the word into its constituent parts to make sense of how it is formed and what each part means.

E: Oh, I can’t agree more. This is like a magic technique. Imagine you know the root word “port”, for instance, meaning to carry. You also know the meaning of the prefixes -de, -re, -trans, -sup. If you come across the word transport and you don’t know it, you can guess it means to carry across. In the same way, if you know that -aion makes a noun then you can make sense of the meaning of transportation. So, knowing the meaning of the bits and pieces and how they form words can help us in our experience of learning.

یک راه بسیار مفید و کاربردی که دایره لغویتون رو خیلی سریع گسترش میده یادگرفتن معنی اجزای یک کلمه است. مثلا اینکه بدونید پیشوندهای مختلف

چه معنایی دارن و یا اینکه پسوندهای مختلف چه نقشی به کلمه میدن خیلی بهتون کمک میکنه تا معنی کلمات رو درست حدس بزنید و دیگه فراموش

نکنید چرا که اساس یادگیری به ارتباط دادن اطلاعات جدید به اطلاعات قدیمی هست.

Sh: You can say that again! Very effective and fun way of learning things. You know, it is believed that we learn new things through relating them to the already existing knowledge. So, once you know at least one bit, you can make more accurate guesses about a word. And once your guesses turn out to be right, you will hardly forget that word again.

E: I know, right?

[everyone agrees]

So, if we want to conclude what we discussed so far, we can say:

In order to learn vocabulary more efficiently you need to:

1. select words carefully

2. visualize through funny and colorful contexts

3. apply and personalize

4. review regularly

5. apply

Sh: And, we also learned that we shouldn’t memorize words and we shouldn’t underestimate passive vocabulary.

A: Axactly! And I’d add, we should not make a big list of words to learn at one go.

E: Wonderful and invaluable advice you guys always give. Thank you so much!

A and Sh : Oh, any time…it’s a pleasure!

اگه بخوایم یه نتیجه گیری بکنیم می تونیم این اقدامات رو برای تقویت دایره لغاتمون در نظر بگیریم:

1 - کلمات رو با دقت انتخاب کنید. واژه هایی رو انتخاب کنید که نیاز دارید یا براتون کاربردی هستند.

2 - تصویر سازی ذهنی انجام بدین. تصویر خنده دار و اغراق آمیز

3 - به خودتون و زندگی شخصیتون ارتباط بدین

-4 مرتب دوره شون کنید

5 - ازشون استفاده کنید. از اشتباه کردن نترسید.

یادتون باشه کلمات رو حفظ نکنید و واژه های غیرفعال رو هم دست کم نگیرید یا underestimate شون نکنید. و نکته آخر، سعی نکنید یه لیست

بلند بالا از لغات جدید رو یه دفعه ای یاد بگیرید.

So, dear listeners, next time you can’t remember a word, try to review these steps and see if you have missed any, and remember not to blame yourself! Perhaps, your brain has done some house cleaning again! [laughingly]

اگه تا اینجای پادکست همراه ما بودید، یعنی تمام راه رو با ما همراه شدید و امیدواریم که مطالب گفته شده براتون مفید بوده باشه. حتما نظرات خودتون رو

به ما انتقال بدید و اگه نیاز به مشاوره دارید با ما تماس بگیرید.

Thank you so much for being with us throughout this episode. This podcast was brought to you by Safir language academy’s content development department. All scripts can be found on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto. Until next week and another topic, stay safe stay tuned, byeee

متن پادکست:

الف: سلام، میتونم وقتتون رو بگیرم.

ب : خواهش میکنم، بفرمایید.

الف: میدونم که دانشجوی زبان هستید. میتونم ازتون بپرسم از کدوم بخش زبان بیشتر لذت می برید و براتون راحتتره؟

ب: راستش، خودم بیشتر برای اسپیکینگ کلاس میام و مکالمه برام مهمتر و لذت بخش تره. ولی ریدینگ! ریدینگ خیلی برام boring و سخته !

الف: هومم....متوجهم! در واقع سوال بعدی منو خودتون جواب دادین. حالا چرا براتون مشکله؟

ب: خب، معمولا لغت زیاد داره و برای اینکه همه رو درست بفهمم باید آروم بخونم که بعدش وقت کم میارم. و کلا همه چیز از دستم خارج میشه .

الف: میفهمم. خب، خیلی ممنون. اگه پادکستهای مارو تا حالا گوش نکردین پیشنهاد میکنم توی کست باکس یا اسپاتیفای پیدامون کنین، چون یه عالمه

نکات کلیدی و کاربردی قراره بهتون بدیم برای تقویت همه مهارتهای زبان از جمله ریدینگ.

ب : اوه، چه عالی....حتما این کارو میکنم. اسم کانالتون چیه ؟

الف : Safir language academy ، ممنون از وقتتون

ب: خواهش میکنم.

بدون شک یکی از چالشهای زبان آموزان تقویت مهارت ریدینگ هست. این مهارت چون معمولا به تنهایی و با تمرکز بالا باید انجام بشه و زمان نسبتا زیادی

میگیره جزو مهارتهایی هست که کمتر زبان آموز به سمتش میره و کمتر ازش لذت میبره. من ادیت هستم و امروز میخوایم با کمک چند نفر از بهترین اساتید

نکات کاربردی و کلیدی برای تقویت این مهارت رو با هم مرور کنیم. پس، نوشیدنیتون رو بریزید، کاغذ قلم آماده کنید و با من همراه بشید.

As I mentioned earlier, our today’s guests are some of our best and most skillful teachers with so many years of experience in teaching, supervision and management. First, let me introduce you to Mr. Samiee, a senior teacher and supervisor with over 30 years of experience. He is one of a kind and his tips and methodology are also one of a kind. Mr. Samiee, thank you so much for joining us today. We have a lot to learn from you.

You must have seen or heard about Alireza Safari in a lot of our educational videos and podcasts. He is here with us today as well, but first let me tell you some facts about him. He’s been a teacher for over 15 years and his classes have always been some of the most popular ones, he is specialized in teaching the IELTS and general English and he is an IELTS 9 holder! So, we have a lot to learn from him, too. Alireza, thank you so much for accepting our invitation today and nice seeing you again! We also have Shabnam Baghi. She is also one our experienced teachers with over 20 years of experience, she’s also a CELTA holder; a certificate issued by Cambridge university, and as you might have expected, her classes are also some of the most popular and in demand ones. Shabnam, hi and thanks for joining us today.

So, to begin with, I believe all of us, as English teachers, have in some way tried to ease our students’ minds or change their views about how they are doing in reading or how they can improve that skill. So often than not, language learners get frustrated after doing a reading activity, because they either fail to comprehend the text and answer the questions correctly or perhaps run out of time. we want to understand why this happens and how we can overcome this issue.

با اساتیدمون آشنا شدید. میخوایم با کمکشون بفهمیم که اولا چرا ریدینگ یه مهارت challenging یا چالش برانگیزی هست و اینکه چطور می تونیم

تقویتش کنیم و از عهده ش به خوبی بربیایم.

E: Alright, as you know we are discussing the reading skill today. First of all, why do we need to improve this skill? What is it good for when we can simply communicate through speaking?

ZH: Well, there are different things we need to read and understand or follow during the day. From news headlines, to emails and messages, from friends to price tags, a book or article and so on. So, we may not even notice, but throughout the day we keep reading and reading and if not improved, this skill can make life pretty difficult, really difficult I mean. Besides, reading is good for you because it improves your focus, memory, empathy, and communication skills. It can reduce stress and improve mental health in addition to allowing you to learn new things to help you succeed in your work and relationships.

شاید خودمون هم متوجه نباشیم ولی در طول روز مدام در حال خوندن مطالب مختلف هستیم و خب این خودش به تنهایی میتونه اهمیت ریدینگ رو نشون

بده. علاوه بر این، ریدینگ میتونه برای تقویت تمرکز و حافظه و همینطور همدلی و درک متقابل موثر باشه. میتونه اضطراب رو کاهش بده و باعث بهبود

سلامت روان بشه. همدلی و درک متقابل در انگلیسی میشه empathy که یه اسمه و فعلش میشه empathize .

A: Reading allows students to be exposed to grammatically correct sentences in context and this can in turn serve as a model for their speaking and writing. Regular reading boosts imagination and creativity as well as comprehension.

ریدینگ باعث میشه در معرض گرامر و ساختارهای درست قرار بگیریم و این میتونه برامون نقش یه الگو رو داشته باشه. یه مترادف خوب برای improve

یا تقویت در اینجا داشتیم، کلمه boost که یک فعله. در ادامه خواهید دید که چرا این مهارت در عین اینکه خیلی مهمه ممکنه برای زبان آموز چالش برانگیز

باشه. و میخوایم بدونیم چه رویکرد یا approach -ی درسته.

E: Great. So, we understand that reading is an inseparable part of learning a language. But why do we find it so challenging and we tend to dislike it so much?

Sh: Well, I think the main reason, especially for language learners, is that they have a wrong approach to it.

E: What do you mean exactly? Are there different approaches to reading?

Sh: Sure, there are. Depending on why we read, our approach may vary. I’ll make an example. You never read a price tag the same way you read a coursebook or a magazine.

این نکته خیلی جالبه و شاید تا حالا بهش دقت نکرده باشید. مدل خوندن متون مختلف با هم متفاوته. شما یه برچسب قیمت رو مثل کتاب درسی نمی خونید

درسته؟ در ادامه میخوایم ببینیم متون مختلف رو چطور باید بخونیم.

A: Exactly. Depending on what we read and what we need the information for, we can choose to read more carefully and with a lot of focus or just run our eyes over a text and pass.

ZH: Right. And another thing in reading is remembering what you read. Sometimes you read something and understand it well but by the time you want to answer some questions about it, you’ve already forgotten all about it.

E: Yeah, right. That’s what happens to most students. They read for an exam but they do not remember a thing during the exam. Now, we have different approaches but how do we pick one over the other? How do we know which approach to choose for a given text?

ZH: First of all, we need to differentiate between extensive and intensive reading. Do we read for pleasure or do we need the information we read for something? Based on the answer, we will decide how to read or what techniques to employ.

گفتیم مدلای مختلف ریدینگ داریم. یه مدل ریدینگ که extensive reading یا خوندن به صرف خوندن )یا برای فان( هست و در مقابلش intensive reading به معنای خوندن فشرده ست که برای جواب دادن به سوالی یا یادگیری مطلبی هست. حالا به توجه به تمایز این دو مدل، میتونیم تصمیم بگیریم

که از چه تکنیکی استفاده کنیم. تمایز به انگلیسی میشه differentiate که یک فعله.

E: Oh, right. You pointed out a very important issue. Let’s first elaborate on what extensive and intensive readings are. When reading for pleasure or recreational purposes, or when you read for a longer period of time without feeling overwhelmed because of time constraints or that you have to do some tasks afterwards, this type of reading is called extensive reading which can happen in or outside the class. For example, reading favorite story books rather than textbooks. On the contrary, intensive reading is when you read, especially in class, for a particular aim, which is normally some tasks to deal with based on the reading comprehension. Here, you read a text more carefully and in detail. Depending on the type of tasks you have after reading, you may decide to employ different techniques and strategies.

اگه ریدینگ برای لذت یا سرگرمی باشه یعنی for pleasure or recreational purposes برای مدت طولانی تر و بدون نگرانی از محدودیت

زمانی یا time constraints هست که معمولا خارج از کلاس درس اتفاق میفته. در مقابل، خوندن فشرده هست که بعدش معمولا سوالاتی پرسیده میشه

و بر اساس نوع سوالات میتونید بفهمید که چه استراتژی یا تکنیکی باید استفاده کنید.

A: Right. We normally do extensive reading when reading our favorite books or articles and they are usually things we have at least some information about, so, we actually enjoy what we do.

E: Exactly. Now, despite the fact that ER can undoubtedly help us improve our reading skill, let’s focus on intensive reading a bit and what we need to consider when dealing with it. So, Shabnam, you mentioned earlier that some learners may do some things wrongly which will get them frustrated or overwhelmed at the end. What are some of the mistakes they make?

Sh: Well, the first and perhaps the most important point is, they read every single word separately. Remember to look at word bundles and not individual words. This way you can both increase your speed as well as comprehension.

یکی از اشتباهات رایج در خوندن اینه که کلمات رو تک تک بخونید. بجای این کار سعی کنید گروه یا bundle کلمات رو در نظر بگیرید. این کار با رعایت

کردن فاصله درست متن از چشم میسر میشه. نه خیلی نزدیک و نه خیلی دور .

E: Very true. One thing to help us read words in a bundle is the distance of our eyes from the text. We shouldn’t hold the text so close or so far so we can read at ease.

Sh: Exactly.

A: Oh, this reminds me of another mistake which may happen to all of us. Sometimes we may read a line and go back to re-read it because we think we missed a point or at times we miss a line in between and jump to the next. In order to avoid this, we can use a pointer and move our eyes on the text with the speed of the pointer. It can help us with our reading speed as well.

برای اینکه مجبور نشید خطی رو دوباره بخونید یا اینکه سطری رو جا نندازید می تونید با نوک انگشت یا خودکارتون سطر ببرید. این کار باعث میشه هم

سرعت خوندنتون بالا بره و هم درک مطلبتون بهتر بشه.

E: Absolutely. There are also some exercises to help your eyes be able to move faster and more smoothly. So, what other mistakes do you think learners may make?

ZH: I think sometimes the texts we choose are not really appropriate for us. I mean they are either too difficult or academic or too easy for us. When you have no interest and basically no information about a particular topic, reading about it will most probably feel like a chore; boring. So, always try to start from texts that are first: interesting, and then to your level, so you won’t get frustrated after reading the first couple of lines.

E: Oh, I can’t agree more. It’s like a cook reading about astronomy, or vice versa! Also, remember that different texts with different topics require different amount of time and focus to read.

[everyone agrees]

نکته بعدی که اینجا گفته شد این بود که متنی برای خوندن انتخاب میکنید که براتون جالب باشه و در سطح شما باشه. متنی که هیچ سررشته ای ازش ندارید

یا خیلی سخته فقط خسته و ناامیدتون میکنه.

Sh: Another thing to consider is that, sometimes we have to read something, like an assignment, so we have no say in picking the topic. In such cases, the best thing to do is to first read the title and skim through the introduction or maybe the whole text, just to familiarize and get to know the gist. So, we can relate the information we gain to what we may already know and it will be easier for us to comprehend or answer related questions.

زمانی که حق انتخابی در موضوع ریدینگ ندارید سعی کنید ابتدا یه درک کلی از موضوع بدست بیارید. این درک کلی یا reading for gist با skim

کردن یا خوندن سریع متن اتفاق میفته . معمولا گفته میشه که تیتر و پاراگراف اول رو سریع بخونید تا بفهمید موضوع کلی چیه. وقتی این کار رو انجام میدید

در واقع اطلاعات جدید رو با اطلاعاتی که ممکنه از قبل داشتید ربط میدید و بنابراین درک مطلب بهتر اتفاق میفته.

E: Can’t agree more on that. It’s like when you know what you’re going to read about, you feel more confident and can relate to the text better.

A: Yeah, right. But let’s not forget that the type of task that follows the reading will show us what technique we need to use to read it.

E: You actually pinpointed what I was going to ask next. Alireza, can you explain a little about the different techniques we have and when we use them, please?

A: Well, the most common techniques that most of us have heard of are skimming, scanning and careful reading. So, what are the differences? Scanning is when you simply run your eyes over a text to find a piece of information; like when you are looking for the price tag on a product or the expiry date. You don’t read every single word to find the price or date. You simply just look to find something, so it doesn’t take much time. On the other hand, when you are looking for the general concept or the topic of an article, you actually read fast, without looking up or even worrying about new words or difficult structures, to conclude something general which is called the gist. Reading for the gist takes longer than scanning but still not too long. Reading for detail or careful reading takes the longest because you are asked to conclude or deduce something from the text, so, you may go back and forth or re-read some parts to infer something.

گفتیم scan زمانی هست که دنبال اطلاعات خاصی می گردید و فقط روی متن رو نگاه می کنید تا پیداش کنید، یعنی نمی خونید. در skimming متن رو

در واقع می خونید اما خیلی سریع بدون توجه به لغات و ساختارهای سخت تا یه درک کلی از متن بدست بیارید. در مورد اسکیم و اسکن گفتیم. اما careful reading یک قدم فراتر میره و زمانی هست که با خوندن و درک متن باید به نتیجه خاصی برسید یا موضوعی رو استنباط کنید. مسلما این نوع ریدینگ

زمان و تمرکز و دقت بیشتری نیاز داره و ممکنه مجبور بشید بخشهایی از ریدینگ رو دوباره بخونید تا بتونید نتیجه گیری کنید.

E: Great explanation. Thank you so much. So, so far we talked about some tips to bear in mind when dealing with reading. How about reviewing them?

[everyone agrees]

So, first, do not read the text word by word. Look at word bundles holding the text in an appropriate distance. Second, choose appropriate texts. Third, Balance your reading speed using a pointer or your index finger or a pen. Fourth, choose the right technique like skimming or scanning, based on your aim of reading something. And the last point to remember is, in case of intensive reading, first have a quick look at the questions, the topic or pictures, if provided, then try to decide which technique you need to adopt to do the task successfully.

[interjections – agreeing…]

Remember that reading is one of the main skills in any language and to talk about the skill in full details will require a lot of time or perhaps podcast episodes. Here we talked about the most basic strategies but we’ll try to delve into more details in future episodes.

Thanks so much for setting aside some time in your busy schedules to be with me today.

ZH: Well, thank you. That was all my pleasure to be here with you and your listeners today.

Sh: The pleasure is all mine.

A: You are very welcome. Thank you for having me.

E: I invited you because all of you have always done an excellent job in teaching, mentoring and motivating students.

If you’re listening to this part of the podcast it means you’ve stayed with us for the entire episode, for which we are absolutely grateful. This program was brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify or Shenoto.

Until next week and another topic, stay safe stay tuned…bye!

متن پادکست:

You are listening to cyber podcast episode 8.

] صدای خنده چند نفر [

• چند نفر از اسنپ چت استفاده میکنن و می خندن!

دقت کردین که دیگه خیلی چیز زیادی برای خیال پردازی باقی نمونده؟ منظورم اینه که هرچیزی که به ذهنمون میرسه همون آن محقق میشه.

مثال میزنم. همین اسنپ چت. توی ذهنت یه تصویری میسازی هنوز خیال پردازیت تموم نشده، همونو تحویلت میده... دیگه یه جوری شده که

کم کم تشخیص واقعیت از غیر واقعیت داره سخت میشه. بعلاوه توی عصر حاضر واقعیت های مختلفی به وجود اومدن که دقیقا نمی دونی

واقعیت واقعیه یا واقعیت مجازی. نظر شما در مورد این تکنولوژی چیه؟ ازش استفاده می کنین یا هنوز ازش فاصله میگیرین؟

من ادیتم و امروز میخوایم در مورد یکی از انواع واقعیت های غیرواقعی صحبت کنیم. با من همراه بشید چون مطمئنم یه سری از اطلاعات

شگفت زده تون میکنه !

E: Don’t you think our world is changing so fast that it’s almost impossible to catch up with it? I mean there’s a new gadget or technology every single day and it becomes a part of our lives in a blink of an eye; so fast that it feels like an inseparable part of our lives we cannot do without!

A: Well yeah, in the past it would take decades, if not centuries for a change to become worldwide, today, it’s a matter of seconds and boom! There you are using something new as if you’ve always had it and your life depends on it! They are becoming our new reality. All these extended reality, virtual reality, augmented reality so on and so forth.

E: Come again!?? What reality? What is that now?

واقعیت مجازی شنیده بودیم. ولی واقعیت افزوده دیگه چیه؟ کدوم واقعیت واقعیه و کدوم نیست؟ کلمه augmented به معنی افزوده یا

تکمیلی ست. در ادامه متوجه میشید دلیل انتخاب این اسم چیه. اما قبلش به کلمه inseparable دقت کنید که از سه بخش تشکیل شده.

پیشوند منفی ساز -in ریشه کلمه و پسوند -able که در نهایت صفت inseparable به معنی جدایی ناپذیر رو میسازن.

B: AR for sure is basically our ability to overlay digital images onto the real world.

E: Oh, like all these stickers and effects different apps can provide you with, to edit images and stuff, right?

A: This is how I define augmented reality. AR is a digital medium that allows you to overlay virtual content into the physical world in a way that makes it seem like the content is physically there. AR essentially allows us to merge the digital and physical worlds.

E: In other words, it makes the world look so much cooler, right? So, apart from the games and the fun stuff we do using the AR, what else is it designed for? I mean what added value does it have to receive so much attention?

B: AR is now used in business to really delight customers. One of the first businesses that started using AR was IKEA. They now have an app called their place app and this basically allows you to place their furniture into your living room, into your kitchen, into your bedroom. So, you

simply use your phone or tablet, you point your camera at it and then you can place sofas, cupboards, beds into those spaces. You can actually get a feel of what is actually looking like in your actual room.

A: This technology by itself is like a catalyst driving you to buy things you don’t even need! [laughingly]

خود این تکنولژی یه نوع شتاب دهنده یا کاتالیزوره که آدم رو سوق میده به سمت خرید کردن. کلمه کاتالیزور رو حتما شنیدین. یه ماده

شیمیایی که واکنشهای شیمیایی رو تسریع میکنه. کاتالیزور به انگلیسی میشه catalyst که در معنای استعاری میشه شتاب دهنده یا چیزی

که تحول ایجاد کنه. وقتی دنیای واقعی رو با قرار دادن عکس یا استیکرهای جالب هیجان انگیزتر میکنیم این خودش باعث ترغیب آدما به

خرید کردن میشه. قرار دادن چیزی روی یه سطح دیگه به انگلیسی میشه overlay . Lay یعنی قرار دادن و over هم یعنی رویِ. گفتیم

AR نقش یک رسانه یا medium رو داره که باعث میشه بتونیم دنیای واقعی و خیالی رو با هم merge یا ادغام کنیم. و این در دنیای

تجارت یک ارزش افزوده یا added value حساب میشه. میپرسید چطور؟ در ادامه توضیح میدیم.

E: Pretty interesting. In that case, clothing companies can also use the AR to help customers do online shopping without having to worry about size and stuff.

B: Nike! They basically sell sportswear and trainers and what they wanted to do is they wanted to have this ability for people to order the right size of trainers.

E: Uh huh! That’s how it should work. You see this pair of shoes or piece of clothing and you really want to order it online but then your concern about the right size and how it’s going to fit you in reality holds you back. It’s neither beneficial for you nor for the businesses.

B: They designed an AR app where you basically use the app, you point this to your feet, you position them correctly on the app and then it will measure your foot size. So, when you order them online you know that they are going to fit.

E: Wow. This is incredible. I believe it can help businesses a lot, especially now that online shopping is taking over.

B: If you are selling anything online, I think it’s worth thinking about how AR might change things how you can deliver better services to your customers to really drive business performance.

E: Hm…indeed times are changing and in order to, let’s say survive [laughingly], we need to catch up!

A: The technology feels magical and AR has true potential to disrupt every single industry on earth. It will even spawn new industries we haven’t even imagined yet.

E: You bet! But how do you think it can contribute to the education industry?

Sh: Well, education can become much more enjoyable and effective through AR.

E: And how’s that possible?

Sh: Basically, AR can catapult us from the information age into the knowledge age.

آخ آخ...چقدر پیش اومده که یه جفت کفش خیلی خوشگل یا لباس خیلی شیک توی پیجی دیدین و خواستین آنلاین سفارش بدین اما بخاطر

اینکه ممکنه اندازه تون نباشه از خریدش منصرف شدین و دلتون حسابی سوخته؟ این خیلی بده چون نه به نفع مشتریه و نه فروشنده. به نفع

کسی بودن یا سودمند بودن در انگلیسی میشه beneficial . ولی خب اکثر بیزنسها دارن خودشون رو به نیاز بازار میرسونن تا عقب نمونن.

جبران کردن یا رسیدن به کاری رو به انگلیسی catch up میگن. حواستون به تلفظ باشه تا مثل ketchup به معنی سس گوجه فرنگی

تلفظش نکنین که این یه اشتباه بسیار شایعه. خب، خیلیا معتقدن که با وج ود ای آر بیزنسهای جدید زیادی به وجود میان. وقتی چیزی یهو و

معمولا به تعداد زیاد به وجود میاد میتونیم براش از فعل spawn استفاده کنیم که در اصل به معنی تخم ریزی ماهیه ولی در معنای استعاری

به معنی به وجود اومدنه . یه استعاره دیگه هم داشتیم که بسیار جالبه، کلمه catapult که در اصل به معنی منجنیق یا تیرانداز هست که به

عنوان فعل و در معنای استعاری به معنی پرتاب کردن میشه.

E: I’m not sure if I got what you exactly mean?!!

Sh: You see, data is a bunch of facts and figures, that when processed becomes information. The AR and VR can transform that into knowledge. Now, what is knowledge? It is information gained through experience. AR lets you experience it without going through the limitations of the physical world.

بحث داره جالب میشه. میخوایم ببینیم AR چطور روی یادگیری تاثیر میذاره. ولی قبلش بیاید چندتا واژه ای رو که در ادامه خواهید شنید با هم

مرور کنیم تا دقیقا بفهمیم این کار چطور انجام میشه. وقتی دستگاهی با یه سیستم یا سیم کشی خاص برنامه ریزی میشه بهش میگیم

hardwired . این کلمه به استعاره هم در مورد ما آدما استفاده میشه. وقتی چیزی ذاتیه و ما به اصطلاح ذاتا طوری طراحی شدیم که کاری

رو انجام بدیم باز میگیم hardwired . یکی از کارهایی که دانشجویان پزشکی باید حین تحصیل انجام بدن کالبدشکافی هست که به

انگلیسی میشه sectdis کردن. AR بهمون امکان شبیه سازی کردن یا simulates کردن رو میده. میتونید حدس بزنید این دوتا کلمه

چطور به هم مربوط میشن؟ به ادامه پادکست گوش بدین تا متوجه بشین.

E: I understand the point about information and knowledge. But how is AR involved in that?

Sh: Humans were hardwired to learn by “doing”. Now, let me elaborate. Imagine, as a medical student, you can dissect a human body without actually having to really cut through a human body. Or, imagine, studying about tornados by actually seeing one through AR. Your mind and your body will feel like it was real and the thing is, your brain cannot tell it wasn’t. According to a research, human brain can remember 10% of what it reads, 20% of what it hears and 90% of what it does or simulates! So instead of trying to figure out the point of complicated theories and textbooks, we can gain knowledge which is beyond mere information!

E: Wow...mind-blowing indeed. So, through AR and VR learning is going to be faster and deeper and actually life like limitless. Isn’t it great or what?

Sh: Yeah, and one more thing AR can help us with. Anyone using AR will now be able to fix their own fridge or their own car. Imagine a farmer’s tractor dies on him in the middle of the farm in the outskirts of the city. Without wasting much time, he can fix it using AR by just holding his cellphone camera in front of the problem area and get instructions or help from a technician to follow a few steps and get the job done! Amazing, isn’t it?

E: It’s beyond amazing, in fact. And I just remembered one more thing that mostly women can use AR for! [laughingly]

A: Oh, I know what you’re going to say. All those make up and hairstyle apps you can use to see what fits you and what doesn’t!

Sh: Wow, seems you know it better than us [laughingly] Have you tried them? Be honest! [laghing]

E: Right…have you tried long blond hair and a beard? Or short red hair and blue eyes? [laughing]

A: Nope! You’re wrong. But my wife always tries them. Whenever I hear she’s laughing all by herself, I know she must be using one of those apps!

[Everyone laughs]

وقتی دستگاهی در حال استفاده یه دفعه از کار میفته به انگلیسی اصطلاح die on رو براش بکار می بریم. مثلا میگیم My phone died on me. یعنی گوشیم از کار افتاد. یکی از کاربردهای شگفت انگیز AR اینه که خودت میتونی دستگاهی رو که از کار افتاده تعمیر کنی. واقعا

شگفت ا نگیزه. برای شگفت انگیز یا متحیر کننده یه اصطلاح قشنگ داریم که میشه mind-blowing .

So, what do you think of this mind-blowing invention of our time, AR? Has it become an inseparable part of your life or you’re still trying to catch up? Remember that in the modern world, success is considered to be the ability to embrace and love change, otherwise you cannot leverage its unique abilities!

در روزگاری زندگی میکنیم که واقعیت فقط اون چیزی که وجود داره نیست، واقعیت میتونه حتی اون چیزی باشه که فقط توی ذهن و تصورات

ماست. پس، از خیال پردازی و تصور غیرممکن نترسیم. در روزگاری زندگی میکنیم که همه چیز به سرعت امکانپذیر میشه!

This podcast was brought to you by, Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found on Castbox. Until next week, stay tuned and stay safe.