SciShow Tangents

When I was a kid, everything was on paper. Books were on paper, magazines were on paper, newspapers were on, you guessed it, paper. Nowadays, everything's on the internet, but you can still find paper if you know where to look!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Definition]

https://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/special/exhibitions/cover-to-cover/papyrus/

[Trivia Question]

Margaret E. Knight’s paper grocery bags

https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/margaret-e-knight-and-charles-b-stilwell-flat-bottomed-paper-bag-1870s-1880s/

https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2010/11/03/in-the-bag/

https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/margaret-knight

https://www.invent.org/inductees/margaret-e-knight

[Fact Off]

Rag paper and mummy linen in the 1800s

https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2019/12/europes-morbid-mummy-craze-has-been-an-obsession-for-centuries

https://uh.edu/engines/epi1227.htm

https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=3874

https://bookpatrol.net/has-this-library-solved-the-mystery-of-the-mummy-paper/

Cellulose nanocrystal films from waste paper

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639556/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13369-022-06609-8

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266689392100075X

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.625878/full#

Image of biodegrading film: https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/625878/fpls-12-625878-HTML/image_m/fpls-12-625878-g006.jpg

https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/glitter

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-021-01135-8

[Ask the Science Couch]

Smell of new books and paper

https://www.compoundchem.com/2014/06/01/newoldbooksmell/

https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/whats-that-smell-youre-reading

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/that-old-book-smell-is-a-mix-of-grass-and-vanilla-710038/

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=669&toxid=124#

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1309104220302051

https://www.ucop.edu/risk-services/_files/bsas/safetymeetings/ozonefrprinters.pdf

https://help.brother-usa.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/58097/~/the-printer-produces-a-faint-smell-or-odor-when-printing.-what-can-i-do%3F

[Butt One More Thing]

Gayetty’s medicated toilet paper

https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.13400600

https://www.findagrave.com/photos/2013/61/106087826_136230829409.jpg

https://books.google.com/books?id=yXY0yQnvmmUC&pg=PA679#v=onepage&q&f=false

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When, in nature, two little guys are benefiting off each other one way or another, we call that symbiosis. But, if you think about it too hard, you start to realize that everything in nature is benefitting off some other thing in nature somehow and come to the conclusion that all of Earth is a giant symbiotic relationship! To that I say: simply try not to think about it too hard!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Fact Off]

Figs and fig wasp cheating prevention 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635526/

https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/fig_wasp.shtml

https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2010/01/figs-kill-wasp-larvae-when-wasps-do-not-pollinate-figs

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2009.2157

Magnetotactic bacteria in tissues of animals with magnetoreception  

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200914112224.htm

[Ask the Science Couch]

Symbioses with more than 2 organisms

https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/species-interactions-and-competition-102131429/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8331144/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17255511/

https://www.princeton.edu/news/2019/06/27/sea-slugs-use-algaes-bacterial-weapons-factory-three-way-symbiotic-relationship

https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2016/Q3/yeast-emerges-as-hidden-third-partner-in-lichen-symbiosis.html

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-drives-a-sloths-ritualistic-trek-to-poop-180949419/

[Butt One More Thing]

Crab that lives in sea urchin rectum

Picture: https://www.marinelifephotography.com/marine/arthropods/crabs/echinoecus-pentagonus.htm

https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/11997

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022098178800070

https://askabiologist.asu.edu/sea-urchin-anatomy

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SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

From big, slimy earthworms to microscopic C. elegans, worms are everywhere... or are they? It turns out, as is often the case on Tangents, that everything you thought you knew about worms is a lie, up to and including their very existence!

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

Dave the longest earthworm

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/nov/04/uk-biggest-worm-record-breaking-in-cheshire

[Fact Off]

Geosmin smells like danger to C. elegans

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220405143530.htm

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35323022/

Ice worms in glaciers

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-4687(200012)246:3%3C192::AID-JMOR3%3E3.0.CO;2-B

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10930-020-09889-x

https://glaciers.nichols.edu/iceworm/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/amazing-ice-worms-threatened-melting-glaciers

https://www.npr.org/2021/07/13/1011376403/its-summer-and-that-means-the-mysterious-return-of-glacier-ice-worms

[Ask the Science Couch]

Invasive earthworms in North America

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003807170600527X

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-006-9019-3

http://genesee.cce.cornell.edu/agriculture/natural-resources/invasive-pests/jumping-worm-amynthas-spp

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071720302510

https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Invasives/fact/jumpingWorm.html

Invasive flatworms that prey on earthworms

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5969052/

https://eastland.agrilife.org/invasive-hammerhead-flatworms/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3858619

[Butt One More Thing]

Largest human coprolite has parasitic worms

https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lloyds-bank-coprolite

https://www.theguardian.com/careers/2016/may/12/paleoscatologists-dig-up-stools-as-precious-as-the-crown-jewels

https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/51Et55R_RuCmabtTgQllzQ

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We're hard at work on a cool new project, but we needed a little extra time to work on it! So this week, please enjoy a rerun of the all-time classic Pee episode!

And did you know there's a video version of this episode? You can check it out here!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

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Last week we talked about boring old rocks on the ground. This week, we're again talking rocks, but these are rocks... from SPACE!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

2020 QG asteroid flyby

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/asteroid-makes-the-closest-earth-flyby-a-space-rock-has-ever-survived/

[Fact Off]

Libyan desert glass

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5196362.stm

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022309384901777?via%3Dihub

https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/47/7/609/570318/Overestimation-of-threat-from-100-Mt-class?redirectedFrom=fulltext

https://www.mindat.org/min-39796.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X13004998

Hopewell asteroid event 

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/did-debris-from-a-comet-airburst-devastate-an-early-native-american-culture-180979523/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05758-y

https://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2022/02/did-comets-fiery-destruction-lead-to-downfall-of-ancient-hopewell.html

[Ask the Science Couch]

Asteroid belt won’t become a planet

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/in-science-fiction-movies/

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2256597V/abstract

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/in-depth/

https://lasp.colorado.edu/outerplanets/kbos_dwarfplanets.php

https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/origin?show=hs_origin_story_jupiters-influence

https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/the-asteroid-belt-wreckage-of-a-destroyed-planet-or-something-else

https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/k/Kirkwood+Gaps

[Butt One More Thing]

Meteorism medical condition farts

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430851/

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meteorism

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Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic... need I say more? Welcome to SciShow Tangents or, as I like to call it, Rock Talk. 

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

Stonehenge sarsen vs. Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson

https://www.livescience.com/22427-stonehenge-facts.html

[Fact Off]

Microgranite used for curling stones

http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/505002/

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91856/ailsa-craig

https://olympics.com/en/news/the-remarkable-properties-and-origins-of-the-olympic-curling-stone

https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/getting-to-the-core-of-olympic-curling-stones/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043164813000732

Solitary bees drilling into sandstone

https://eos.org/articles/rock-chomping-bees-burrow-into-sandstone

https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/busy-bee-new-species-bee-quarries-sandstone/

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(16)30902-2

[Ask the Science Couch]

Licking rocks or bone

https://www.discovery.com/science/Difference-Between-Rock-Fossil

https://www.clemson.edu/public/geomuseum/specimen_id/id_tool.html

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018WR023233

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/wettability

https://twitter.com/mikamckinnon/status/1030188006966214660?s=20&t=_yJPJKVlGOpjTIMLy4y4mg

https://voices.pomona.edu/2013/11/on-the-merits-of-licking-rocks/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stick-with-it-put-your-duct-tape-to-the-test/

[Butt One More Thing]

Limestone-eating and sand-pooping shipworm

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-newly-discovered-genus-of-shipworm-eats-holes-into-rocks-and-poops-out-sand

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/incredible-rock-eating-shipworm-is-first-of-its-kind

https://seahistory.org/sea-history-for-kids/ship-worm-clam/

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Get a jump start on Earth Day by joining us as we discuss garbage's sexy, complicated little brother: recycling! 

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Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

Minnesota paper waste ball

https://www.pca.state.mn.us/featured/worlds-largest-wad-paper-0

[Fact Off]

Palimpsests (reusing parchment, but also documenting microbes)

https://www.abaa.org/blog/post/the-history-of-vellum-and-parchment

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/07/how-monks-remixed-technology-in-the-middle-ages/373956/

http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/about/imaging/

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.170988

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-014-0481-7

Pressure-sensitive, reusable tape inspired by housefly feet

https://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-is-adhesive-tape-made/

https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/biomechanics/172099/shoe-fly

https://cen.acs.org/articles/85/i42/Adhesive-Tape.html

[Ask the Science Couch]

Sevier County (Dollywood and Gatlinburg) composting/waste management

https://www.seviersolidwaste.com/

http://www.louisianaweekly.com/dollywoods-environmental-solution/

https://www.zankerrecycling.com/sites/default/files/biocycle-nov-2010.pdf

https://www.biocycle.net/mixed-waste-composting-facilities-review-2/

https://greenblue.org/reloop-what-is-mixed-waste-processing-or-all-in-onedirty-mrf-recycling/

http://compost.css.cornell.edu/MSWFactSheets/msw.fs6.html

[Butt One More Thing]

Iron nutrient recycling through whale poop

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00356.x/abstract

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16370118

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Spring is a soft and fluffy time of year, what with all the baby chicks and bunnies bopping around, so we here at Tangents are seizing the opportunity to talk about the softest, cutest, most huggable science there is!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

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A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

MLB baseball yarn yardage

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-wool

https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1676509-the-evolution-of-the-baseball-from-the-dead-ball-era-through-today

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1958/04/09/83408264.html?pageNumber=43

[Fact Off]

Saturn moon Methone and fluffy ice

https://gizmodo.com/the-weird-ways-nasa-thought-moon-dust-might-kill-apollo-1836459545

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/saturn-moons/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=name+asc&search=&placeholder=Enter+moon+name&condition_1=38%3Aparent_id&condition_2=moon%3Abody_type%3Ailike

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23560-astrophile-saturns-egg-moon-methone-is-made-of-fluff/

Milk fiber (made from casein)

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyLnKz7uNMQ

https://ecoworldonline.com/what-is-milk-fiber-yarn/

http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajee.20190902.02.html

https://www.milkgenomics.org/?splash=back-to-the-future-milk-fibers-in-the-21st-century

https://www.ijcmas.com/abstractview.php?ID=7406&vol=7-4-2018&SNo=140

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/lanital-milk-dress-qmilch

[Ask the Science Couch]

Cat fur vs dog fur

https://cdn.citl.illinois.edu/courses/ANSC207/week2/hair_coat/web_data/slides_and_notes.htm

https://animaldiversity.org/collections/mammal_anatomy/hair/

https://www.uakron.edu/im/news/how-biomechanics-research-led-to-a-hairbrush-inspired-by-a-cat-tongue

https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1809544115

https://texaswolfdogproject.org/resources/phenotyping/what-is-phenotyping/coat-and-color

[Butt One More Thing]

Moth coremata butt feathers

https://www.wired.com/2013/12/this-is-not-a-penis/

https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/leps/bella_moth.htm

Picture:

 https://www.mothidentification.com/creatonotos-gangis.htm

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Someone can get on your nerves. You can have nerves of steel. Heck, they can even be frayed! But have you ever wondered what nerves actually are? If so, you've come to the right place! 

This week, our dear friend and contributor Deboki Chakravarti (@okidoki_boki) stops by to join the fun, and Ceri hosts for the first time ever! Don't miss it!

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Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail]

Electric rays/low voltages to treat painful nerves

https://www.mjrheum.org/assets/files/792/file60_974.pdf

https://arthritis.ca/living-well/2019/women,-arthritis-and-neuropathic-pain

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15840-transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens/

Mouse tail galvanoscope (sciatic nerve)

https://books.google.com/books?id=SJNMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/brightfield/mousetail.html

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=85&contentid=p01382

Electrically stimulating tastebuds 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307523/

http://longevity3.stanford.edu/design-challenge-winners-announced/

[Trivia Question]

Glaucoma retinal nerve fiber layer

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00417-022-05619-4

[Fact Off]

C. elegans auditory nerves

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220223103054.htm

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/928925

[Ask the Science Couch]

Paresthesia aka pins and needles 

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=58

https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Paresthesia-Information-Page

https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/march/paraesthesia-and-peripheral-neuropathy

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0305735610362950

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5384201/

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107385840200800209

[Butt One More Thing]

Sciatic butt nerve

https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/rwFj4BBy4p35XbfKDLNFLkx/?lang=en

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sciatica/symptoms-causes/syc-20377435#:~:text=The%20sciatic%20nerves%20branches%20from,one%20side%20of%20your%20body.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12792-sciatica

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