SciShow Tangents

Turns out we needed a week off to recuperate from all the Halloween festivities, so please enjoy this very old episode about Flightless Birds in the meantime! Thanks for listening, and we'll see you next week!

Don't forget to pick up a few hundred thousand new SciShow Tangents stickers, featuring our new logo!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

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If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, you might be starting to notice a chill in the air. Let's all fondly reminisce about those warm, summer days that feel so long ago as we learn about heat! 

And don't forget to pick up a few hundred thousand new SciShow Tangents stickers, featuring our new logo!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

Hot flashes

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/495671/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4612529/

https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)30947-1?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2211124718309471%3Fshowall%3Dtrue

[Fact Off]

Thermogenic plants

https://www.natureinstitute.org/article/craig-holdrege/skunk-cabbage

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ849536.pdf

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21205176/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2634508/

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.186.4165.746

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781904/

Superionic ice

https://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-create-extraordinary-alien-form-of-super-hot-ice/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1114-6

https://www.quantamagazine.org/black-hot-superionic-ice-may-be-natures-most-common-form-of-water-20190508/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Breath temperature changing

https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/7868/why-does-the-air-we-blow-exhale-out-from-our-mouths-change-from-hot-to-cold-depe

https://www.aa.washington.edu/sites/aa/files/faculty/breidenthal/pubs/Brazil.book_REB.pdf

http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=5530

http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/turbulent_flow.html

[Butt One More Thing]

Butt welding

https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780857095107/welding-processes-handbook

https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780080965338/comprehensive-materials-processing

https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780815515814/handbook-of-plastics-joining

https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/27516/9/Turrell_Ultra-fast%20collisional_NC.pdf

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Ceri and Sam headed on down to the cemetery to dig Hank up for one more bone-chilling edition of It Was a Dark and Stormy Month! We hope you enjoy and have a happy and safe Halloween!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969716324202?via%3Dihub

https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lam.12345

https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics

[Fact Off]

Spaceship debris graveyard

https://www.greenmatters.com/p/what-happens-to-rocket-boosters-after-launch

https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/in-russias-space-graveyard-locals-scavenge-fallen-spacecraft-for-profit#.w0egudhkhbw

https://www.nature.com/articles/433095a.pdf?origin=ppub

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19127713

Oleic acid as a death cue

https://web.stanford.edu/~dmgordon/previous/Gordon1983Dependence.pdf

https://www.pnas.org/content/106/20/8251

https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2009/04/01/102601823/hey-im-dead-the-story-of-the-very-lively-ant

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24054-2

https://www.ijbs.com/v09p0313.htm

http://www.researchtrends.net/tia/article_pdf.asp?in=0&vn=9&tid=20&aid=5289

[Ask the Science Couch]

Eco-friendly burial options 

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/is-cremation-environmentally-friendly-heres-the-science

https://www.cremationassociation.org/page/alkalinehydrolysis

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4895712/New-type-cremation-DISSOLVES-bodies-LIQUID.html

https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/conl.12421

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWo2-LHwGMM

[Butt One More Thing]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30111659/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17091303/

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“It Was A Dark & Stormy Month" rises from its grave once more to deliver knowledge so good... it's scary!

Hank accidentally buried himself alive again, so we are once again joined by Deboki Chakravarti to learn about Earth's little buddy, the Moon! This one's guaranteed to have you howling!

Need more Deboki in your life? Follow her on Twitter: @okidoki_boki! There you can find links to the myriad of projects she's involved in!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Fact Off]

Coral reef spawning by moonlight

https://www.sciencealert.com/the-full-moon-just-triggered-one-of-the-largest-mass-spawning-events-of-2016

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071019093814.htm

https://www.science.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1145432

https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(03)00647-0

https://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/the-reef/corals/coral-reproduction

Earthshine on the Moon is less than before

https://gizmodo.com/earth-is-getting-dimmer-1847782399

https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/04/weather/earth-dimming-climate/index.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/930069

[Ask the Science Couch]

Moon drifting away from the Earth

https://public.nrao.edu/ask/why-is-the-moon-moving-away-from-the-earth-when-orbiting-black-holes-ultimately-collide/

https://public.nrao.edu/ask/what-happens-as-the-moon-moves-away-from-the-earth/

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/marvelMoon/background/moon-influence/

http://www.iea.usp.br/en/news/when-a-day-lasted-only-four-hours

https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/11/28/3642932.htm

https://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/index.php

[Butt One More Thing]

Defecation collection devices on the Moon

https://history.nasa.gov/FINAL%20Catalogue%20of%20Manmade%20Material%20on%20the%20Moon.pdf

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/overview/

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Thanks to Basepaws for sponsoring this episode. Check out Basepaws here: https://basepaws.com/?rfsn=6159575.bff641

“It Was A Dark & Stormy Month" lumbers along with more frightful topics and frightfully bad poetry!

This week, an oft-requested and much anticipated topic: cats! These weird little goblins can steal our hearts even while infesting us with behavior-altering, poop-dwelling parasites! We must really love 'em! 

Need more Deboki in your life? Follow her on Twitter: @okidoki_boki! There you can find links to the myriad of projects she's involved in!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail]

Fact 1:

https://phys.org/news/2021-07-dogs-people-lying.html

Fact 2:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347296903206

https://theaggie.org/2021/09/14/study-finds-domestic-cats-prefer-freeloading-to-working-for-food/

Fact 3:

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/923830

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/07/cat-genomes/619587/

[Fact Off]

Cats in development of cochlear implants

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/1688121

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1931-04076-001

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000348947208100514?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000348947308200407

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4921065/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3220685.pdf

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cochlear-implants/about/pac-20385021

[Ask the Science Couch]

Cat tail movements

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/animals-behavior-cats-tail-body-language

https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/56/1-2/article-p69_3.xml  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7696400/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2074215/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166432897001010

http://www.architalbiol.org/index.php/aib/article/view/138271/

[Butt One More Thing]

Cats sitting and not flipping over litter boxes

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159114002366?via%3Dihub

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It’s October, so you know what that means: SciShow Tangents is about to get a little spooky! This year, we’re celebrating the Halloween season by talking about traditionally eerie subjects and writing bad collaborative poems! Welcome to “It Was A Dark & Stormy Tangents” month!

And to kick it off, we’re talking about the number one most scary of all types of weather: storms!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Fact Off]

Project Ice Storm - possible effects of stress on pregnancy

https://www.thoughtco.com/canadian-ice-storm-in-1998-508705

https://www.mcgill.ca/projetverglas/publications

https://www.mcgill.ca/projetverglas/icestorm

https://www.mcgill.ca/projetverglas/files/projetverglas/Laplante2007FunctionalPlay.pdf

https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/stress-and-pregnancy-prenatal-and-perinatal/according-experts/prenatalperinatal-stress-and-its

Blood/red rain mystery in Spain

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/882233

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20028490

https://www.livescience.com/62999-siberian-blood-rain-iron-oxide.html

[Ask the Science Couch]

Aches before storms

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/50/18/50_18_1923/_pdf

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/do-you-get-a-migraine-headache-when-it-rains/

https://theconversation.com/can-bad-weather-really-cause-headaches-158258

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-014-0859-8

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7659442/

[Butt One More Thing]

Lightning in plumbing

https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/lightning/faq.html

http://lightningsafety.com/nlsi_lls/lightning-caused-deaths.pdf (table 3)

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/how-hurricanes-form.html

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Summer's over, which is a bummer, but now's the perfect time to remember that summer isn't all perfect. It brings sunburns, too-hot car seats, and, worst of all, blood-sucking mosquitos! So let's embrace the beginning of fall by talking some smack about those nasty, itchy, little guys!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Fact Off]

Millipede toxins as mosquito repellent 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026489826714

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00114-003-0427-2

https://www.springer.com/gp/about-springer/media/research-news/all-english-research-news/madagascar-s-lemurs-use-millipedes-for-their-tummy-troubles/15982512

https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/science/for-monkeys-a-millipede-a-day-keeps-mosquitoes-away.html

https://www.mdedge.com/dermatology/article/198138/wounds/whats-eating-you-millipede-burns

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504811/

Vampire jumping spiders eating mosquitoes

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/04/17/601896991/what-you-learn-when-you-put-smelly-socks-in-front-of-mosquitoes

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/aug/05/mosquito-eating-vampire-spider-could-be-recruited-for-war-on-malaria

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/53382/meet-vampire-spider

https://www.livescience.com/5818-spiders-attracted-blood-perfume.html

https://www.livescience.com/1214-killer-spiders-prefer-malaria-mosquitoes.html

https://www.livescience.com/20800-vampire-spiders-blood-meal.html

[Ask the Science Couch]

Attracting mosquitoes

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286741400155X

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10886-015-0587-5

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30215-5

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/how-mosquitoes-smell-human-sweat

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229127147_A_Review_of_Mosquito_Attraction_Studies_Important_Parameters_and_Techniques

http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=547&doi=10.11648/j.aje.20190302.13

https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/41/4/796/885285

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5949359/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982219306943

[Butt One More Thing]

Mosquito anus blood pre-urine

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/science/how-hungry-mosquitoes-cool-themselves.html

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This episode is brought to you by Gates Notes, the blog of Bill Gates. Go to gatesnotes.com to learn about the future of Alzheimer's research.

I don’t want to alarm you, but you’ve got a big ol’ glob of pink goop in between your ears right now, and it pretty much controls everything you do. In fact, it might BE you... But try not to think about that too much while you enjoy this episode!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Fact Off]

Cetacean brains staying warm

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84762-0

https://phys.org/news/2021-03-whale-dolphin-brains-specialfor-production.html

https://phys.org/news/2021-04-whale-dolphin-brains-lots.html

Brain blood flow measuring device

https://www.npr.org/2014/08/17/340906546/the-machine-that-tried-to-scan-the-brain-in-1882

https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/137/2/634/284537?login=true

https://www.umassmed.edu/strokestop/modules/module-3-the-blood-supply-of-the-brain/brain-circulation/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5536794/

https://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/divisions/fmrib/what-is-fmri/introduction-to-fmri

[Ask the Science Couch]

Brain evolution

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21128311-800-a-brief-history-of-the-brain/

https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/320218

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3873165/

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-540-29678-2_3154

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614228/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/worm-discovery-brain-evolution/

[Butt One More Thing]

Bony-eared assfish smallest vertebrate brain

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20270929_Acanthonus_armatus_a_Deep-Sea_Teleost_Fish_with_a_Minute_Brain_and_Large_Ears

https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Acanthonus-armatus.html

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.1987.0018

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The days are getting shorter, the sweaters are coming out of the closet and the leaves are starting to take on just a hint of yellow... Fall is officially on its way. And speaking of trees, we spoke of trees at length last year! Please enjoy this encore presentation.

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

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The power required to get this podcast into your ears was brought to you in part by wind, water, coal, gas, and a generous contribution from the old sky guy himself: The Sun! 

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Fact Off]

Power from cheese & mayo (biogas)

https://epa.gov/anaerobic-digestion/basic-information-about-anaerobic-digestion-ad

https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-biogasconverting-waste-to-energy

https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5021214#:~:text=It%20is%20wellknown%20that%20the,well%20%5B5%2D7%5D

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/

https://statenews.com/article/2017/04/msu-uses-mayonnaise-anaerobic-digester

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a18700/french-power-plant-runs-on-cheese/

Sensorfish for dams

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a7459/the-robot-fish-that-led-to-better-dam-designs/

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a26135053/robotic-sensor-fish/

https://www.pnnl.gov/news/release.aspx?id=1046

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/827634

[Ask the Science Couch]

Micro hydro power

https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/microhydropower-systems

https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-plants

https://energypedia.info/wiki/Micro_Hydro_Power_(MHP)_-_Pros_and_Cons

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/16/business/global/16iht-renmicro.html

https://sswm.info/water-nutrient-cycle/water-distribution/hardwares/water-network-distribution/hydropower-%28small-scale%29

[Butt One More Thing]

Pig poop ponds

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/11/22/781565978/big-companies-bet-on-cleaner-power-from-pig-poop-ponds

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