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Podcast – mode432

From inception to modern day, these are the stories of legends. This is The History of Hockey Podcast. Join me, Shane Guilfoyle, in my exploration of five millennia of hockey: the greatest game on Earth. Presented by Audible.

The History of Hockey Podcast

Už 30 rokov sa venujeme riešeniu konfliktov v rôznych krajinách sveta. V Podcaste PDCS sa s vami podelíme o naše skúsenosti, pohľady, názory a na príkladoch zo života si rozoberieme charakter konfliktov v spoločnosti.

Podcast PDCS

白话讲解山海经

白话讲山海经

Welcome to Chai & Boi, my name is Sarah and this is my podcast on history, politics, folklore, religion, spirituality and of course books. I will be using books as my main tool for my podcast, exploring ideas and concepts that I enjoy and hope others will too. All my topic intertwine with one another, making this patch work of history. The world is more Grey than it is black and white.

If you like me here check out my blog and Instagram! I also wrote a book called Demystifying the Niqab! https://linktr.ee/physicsniqabi

Welcome to Chai & Boi, my name is Sarah and this is my podcast on history, politics, folklore, religion, spirituality and of course books. I will be using books as my main tool for my podcast, exploring ideas and concepts that I enjoy and hope others will too. All my topic intertwine with one another, making this patch work of history. The world is more Grey than it is black and white. If you like me here check out my blog and Instagram! I also wrote a book called Demystifying the Niqab! https://linktr.ee/physicsniqabi

Welcome to Chai &amp; Boi, my name is Sarah and this is my podcast on history, politics, folklore, religion, spirituality and of course books. I will be using books as my main tool for my podcast, exploring ideas and concepts that I enjoy and hope others will too. All my topic intertwine with one another, making this patch work of history. The world is more Grey than it is black and white.

If you like me here check out my blog and Instagram! I also wrote a book called Demystifying the Niqab! https://linktr.ee/physicsniqabi

Chai & Boi

Este podcast analizará algunas de las grandes rivalidades de la historia Argentina con el fin de analizar los origines de los personajes, sus trayectorias, sus ideas, conflictos y desenlaces. Así se buscará analizar la historia para poder comprenderla y así darnos cuenta que La Grieta son los Padres. Seguinos en nuestro Instagram @horizonte_americano

Este podcast analizará algunas de las grandes rivalidades de la historia Argentina con el fin de analizar los origines de los personajes, sus trayectorias, sus ideas, conflictos y desenlaces. Así se buscará analizar la historia para poder comprenderla y así darnos cuenta que La Grieta son los Padres.Seguinos en nuestro Instagram @horizonte_americano

Este podcast analizará algunas de las grandes rivalidades de la historia Argentina con el fin de analizar los origines de los personajes, sus trayectorias, sus ideas, conflictos y desenlaces. Así se buscará analizar la historia para poder comprenderla y así darnos cuenta que La Grieta son los Padres. Seguinos en nuestro Instagram @horizonte_americano

La Grieta son los Padres (de la Patria): Un podcast de Historia

Er samisk et utdøende språk, eller lever det i beste velgående side om side med norsk i det moderne samfunnet? Programleder Håkon Isak Vars tar oss med gjennom ulike temaer i denne serien på syv episoder. Alt fra samisk i poesien, "PitStop-samisk", skriftsspråket - til hvilke utfordringer samisk språk kan få i fremtiden. Serien er støttet av Sametinget.

Om samisk språk i det moderne samfunnet

A collection of True Story Horror Stories, that is the description of Rizky Adi Nugroho's podcast, which has the nickname @SLP. Since appearing in November 2018, Do You See What I See (DYSWIS) has immediately attracted the attention of Indonesian podcast listeners and has often been ranked first on the Spotify podcast chart. Support this podcast: <a href="https://anchor.fm/samuell-peters/support" rel="payment">https://anchor.fm/samuell-peters/support</a>

A collection of True Story Horror Stories, that is the description of Rizky Adi Nugroho's podcast, which has the nickname @SLP. Since appearing in November 2018, Do You See What I See (DYSWIS) has immediately attracted the attention of Indonesian podcast listeners and has often been ranked first on the Spotify podcast chart. Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/samuell-peters/support

A collection of True Story Horror Stories, that is the description of Rizky Adi Nugroho's podcast, which has the nickname @SLP. Since appearing in November 2018, Do You See What I See (DYSWIS) has immediately attracted the attention of Indonesian podcast listeners and has often been ranked first on the Spotify podcast chart. Support this podcast: <a href="https://anchor.fm/samuell-peters/support" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://anchor.fm/samuell-peters/support</a>

Samuel Horror Stories

The podcast where two weird stories enter, one from the modern times and one from the sands of time, to answer the question:
Do we live in the WEIRDEST timeline, or has this all been done before?
You decide!

The podcast where two weird stories enter, one from the modern times and one from the sands of time, to answer the question: Do we live in the WEIRDEST timeline, or has this all been done before? You decide!

Dumb History Duels

Um podcast que fala um pouco de tudo que rolou nos anos 80. Música, Guloseimas,Programas de TV, Esporte, Diversão, Brinquedos e Televisão. Eu Cesar Conventi Jornalista e Fotógrafo, Pai do Pietro e esposo da Mônica,   nascido em Julho/1980 conto através de episódios com duração de 7 a 15 minutos essa época maravilhosa ! Ouça e relembre um pouco comigo , curta e compartilhe com os amigos.

Um podcast que fala um pouco de tudo que rolou nos anos 80. Música, Guloseimas,Programas de TV, Esporte, Diversão, Brinquedos e Televisão. Eu Cesar Conventi Jornalista e Fotógrafo, Pai do Pietro e esposo da Mônica, nascido em Julho/1980 conto através de episódios com duração de 7 a 15 minutos essa época maravilhosa ! Ouça e relembre um pouco comigo , curta e compartilhe com os amigos.

80fases - Anos 80

En Podcast om å vokse opp i bydel Nordstrand på 70- og 80-tallet.

Oschlo 11

🎙ici Venise est le premier podcast francophone sur Venise, depuis Venise par deux habitants de la ville, tour à tour amoureux de la ville, critiques, bienheureux, inquiets, (auto) ironiques et engagés.De l’actualité à l’Histoire, &#34;ici Venise&#34; interroge les réalités et les mythes chers à Venise et aux Vénitiens.Fabriqué en duo père-fille avec Ilona Gault (professeure de piano) et Philippe Gault (journaliste).🎧Abonnez vous gratuitement au podcast et suivez nous sur <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ici.venise/" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a>.Si &#34;ici Venise&#34; vous plait, vous pouvez nous soutenir en nous<a href="https://www.buymeacoffee.com/IciVenise" rel="nofollow"> offrant un ou plusieurs café(s) ici</a>. Merci !

🎙ici Venise est le premier podcast francophone sur Venise, depuis Venise par deux habitants de la ville, tour à tour amoureux de la ville, critiques, bienheureux, inquiets, (auto) ironiques et engagés. De l’actualité à l’Histoire, "ici Venise" interroge les réalités et les mythes chers à Venise et aux Vénitiens. Fabriqué en duo père-fille avec Ilona Gault (professeure de piano) et Philippe Gault (journaliste). 🎧Abonnez vous gratuitement au podcast et suivez nous sur Instagram. Si "ici Venise" vous plait, vous pouvez nous soutenir en nous offrant un ou plusieurs café(s) ici. Merci !

🎙ici Venise est le premier podcast francophone sur Venise, depuis Venise par deux habitants de la ville, tour à tour amoureux de la ville, critiques, bienheureux, inquiets, (auto) ironiques et engagés.De l’actualité à l’Histoire, "ici Venise" interroge les réalités et les mythes chers à Venise et aux Vénitiens.Fabriqué en duo père-fille avec Ilona Gault (professeure de piano) et Philippe Gault (journaliste).🎧Abonnez vous gratuitement au podcast et suivez nous sur&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/ici.venise/" rel="noopener noreferrer">Instagram</a>.Si "ici Venise" vous plait, vous pouvez nous soutenir en nous<a href="https://www.buymeacoffee.com/IciVenise" rel="noopener noreferrer"> offrant un ou plusieurs café(s) ici</a>. Merci !

ici Venise

Boooooring, do you remember some %$# named guy who died in a random year conquered another %$# named place in another year? From hardcore history facts to stuff you missed in your history class, it got too much for the story. History is not politics, past or just story but a reflection on the human kind. Beyond the sense is mind, beyond mind is the intellect, beyond intellect is the person. Imperceptible and all-pervading. So join me for my very unique take on history with drama, controversy, beginner friendly and unbound stories to reflect on your journey as I put you in the driver seat and encode scripts to podcast.Website | https://www.historyencoded.com/   Facebook group | https://www.facebook.com/groups/226772495732822

Boooooring, do you remember some %$# named guy who died in a random year conquered another %$# named place in another year? From hardcore history facts to stuff you missed in your history class, it got too much for the story. History is not politics, past or just story but a reflection on the human kind. Beyond the sense is mind, beyond mind is the intellect, beyond intellect is the person. Imperceptible and all-pervading. So join me for my very unique take on history with drama, controversy, beginner friendly and unbound stories to reflect on your journey as I put you in the driver seat and encode scripts to podcast.Website | https://www.historyencoded.com/ Facebook group | https://www.facebook.com/groups/226772495732822

History Encoded

Hablar, desde la opinión personal, de todos los temas habidos y por haber.

El ahora

Historia w szkole może... przytłaczać! My pokazujemy, że historia jest bardzo ciekawa, czasami śmieszna, momentami mroczna i bardzo kontrowersyjna. Ewelina Kosałka-Passia i dr Anna Zakowska z Muzeum Historii Katowic zapraszają w podróż historyczną „bez trzymanki”. Skaczemy po epokach, żeby pokazać, że w historii nie trzeba uczyć się na pamięć dat. Wystarczy... słuchać!

Działo się! | Radio Katowice

Selamat mendengarkan curahan hatiku yang selama ini terpendam:)
Podcast ini aku buat pas lagi gabut aja:)

Selamat mendengarkan curahan hatiku yang selama ini terpendam:) Podcast ini aku buat pas lagi gabut aja:)

Your Secret Admirer

Faiqoh Berkhisah

Josh Calvo and Chase Padusniak talk all things religion, especially what's impolite at the dinner table.

Strange Language

FolkLiar asks a simple question: If someone told you three stories from folklore, could you spot which one was a fake? In order to make the game a bit trickier I’ve rewritten the true tales in my own style with an added dash of humor. So, even if you can’t tell, you can still have some fun listening. Plus, there’s the luxurious mug to win. Hosted by Brian Casey, the Chief Liar.

FolkLiar asks a simple question: If someone told you three stories from folklore, could you spot which one was a fake? In order to make the game a bit trickier I’ve rewritten the true tales in my own style with an added dash of humor. So, even if you can’t tell, you can still have some fun listening. Plus, there’s the luxurious mug to win. Hosted by Brian Casey, the Chief Liar.

FolkLiar: Two Tales &  A Lie

قصة دولة المماليك .. كيف قامت وكيف انهارت؟ كيف حكم العبيد مصر والشام والعراق والحجاز لاكثر من قرنين ونصف من الزمان

يتناول برنامج رسائل التاريخ في الجزء الاول منه 
قصة دولة المماليك,سلاطين المماليك,المماليك والمغول,المغول وسيف الدين قطز,قطز والمماليك,المماليك البحرية,المماليك البرجية,تاريخ المماليك من البداية الى النهاية, قصة شجر الدر, شجرة الدر والمماليك,ايبك,ايبك وشجرة الدر,بيبرس,المماليك والعثمانيين

قصة دولة المماليك .. كيف قامت وكيف انهارت؟ كيف حكم العبيد مصر والشام والعراق والحجاز لاكثر من قرنين ونصف من الزمان يتناول برنامج رسائل التاريخ في الجزء الاول منه قصة دولة المماليك,سلاطين المماليك,المماليك والمغول,المغول وسيف الدين قطز,قطز والمماليك,المماليك البحرية,المماليك البرجية,تاريخ المماليك من البداية الى النهاية, قصة شجر الدر, شجرة الدر والمماليك,ايبك,ايبك وشجرة الدر,بيبرس,المماليك والعثمانيين

رسائل التاريخ

The future belongs to those who prepare for it today!

Time for an Awakening

On a sunny morning in September 1907, sex worker Emily Dimmock is found with her throat cut, locked and bolted inside her Camden Town apartment.

In a world reeling from Jack the Ripper, could this be another one of his victims? A jealous lover? Was this a burglary gone wrong or a crime of passion?

Join actors, friends, and true crime fanatics Pearl Mackie, Emma Sidi, and Kiell Smith-Bynoe as they get into character of those at the centre of one of Britain’s most infamous mysteries: The Camden Town Murder. 

For the first time ever, the most jaw-dropping, high-stakes moments of this case are brought to life through drama, using newly unearthed court transcripts, police records, and witness testimonies. Join Pearl, Emma and Kiell as they dissect each scene and look for clues to try to understand what really happened to Emily Dimmock in 1907. It’s going to be a wild ride. 

From Global and Chalk & Blade. In collaboration with Dentsu Entertainment.

On a sunny morning in September 1907, sex worker Emily Dimmock is found with her throat cut, locked and bolted inside her Camden Town apartment. In a world reeling from Jack the Ripper, could this be another one of his victims? A jealous lover? Was this a burglary gone wrong or a crime of passion? Join actors, friends, and true crime fanatics Pearl Mackie, Emma Sidi, and Kiell Smith-Bynoe as they get into character of those at the centre of one of Britain’s most infamous mysteries: The Camden Town Murder. For the first time ever, the most jaw-dropping, high-stakes moments of this case are brought to life through drama, using newly unearthed court transcripts, police records, and witness testimonies. Join Pearl, Emma and Kiell as they dissect each scene and look for clues to try to understand what really happened to Emily Dimmock in 1907. It’s going to be a wild ride. From Global and Chalk & Blade. In collaboration with Dentsu Entertainment.

On a sunny morning in September 1907, sex worker Emily Dimmock is found with her throat cut, locked and bolted inside her Camden Town apartment.

In a world reeling from Jack the Ripper, could this be another one of his victims? A jealous lover? Was this a burglary gone wrong or a crime of passion?

Join actors, friends, and true crime fanatics Pearl Mackie, Emma Sidi, and Kiell Smith-Bynoe as they get into character of those at the centre of one of Britain’s most infamous mysteries: The Camden Town Murder. 

For the first time ever, the most jaw-dropping, high-stakes moments of this case are brought to life through drama, using newly unearthed court transcripts, police records, and witness testimonies. Join Pearl, Emma and Kiell as they dissect each scene and look for clues to try to understand what really happened to Emily Dimmock in 1907. It’s going to be a wild ride. 

From Global and Chalk &amp; Blade. In collaboration with Dentsu Entertainment.

Theatre of Crime

🌙 Entra en la Pesadilla 🩸👁️Adéntrate en un abismo donde la oscuridad cobra vida y los horrores más insondables aguardan. Entra en la Pesadilla, el nuevo podcast de Relatos de Terror, te llevará al filo de la locura con historias que estremecerán tu alma y desafiarán tu percepción de la realidad.🎙 ️ Conducido por A Valkyrie, Morgayne y una tercera presencia misteriosa quienes serán tus guías en este viaje hacia lo más profundo de la pesadilla. Ellas te llevarán de la mano por relatos que desafían la razón, historias que perturban la mente y misterios que nunca debieron ser contados… 🌑👁️👤 Voces en la noche susurran advertencias… ¿Las escucharás o ignorarás su llamado?Desde apariciones espectrales que claman venganza hasta misterios insondables donde lo macabro es solo el principio, cada episodio te sumergirá en relatos perturbadores con un enfoque especial en el miedo que acecha a mujeres y sus peores pesadillas. Pero no te equivoques… aquí, nadie está a salvo.🖤 Nahuales devorando la luna, entidades demoníacas acechando en la penumbra, maldiciones imposibles de romper… Todo esto y más te espera en un viaje sin retorno al lado más siniestro del terror.🔪 ¿Te atreves a cruzar el umbral? La pesadilla comienza ahora.

🌙 Entra en la Pesadilla 🩸👁️ Adéntrate en un abismo donde la oscuridad cobra vida y los horrores más insondables aguardan. Entra en la Pesadilla, el nuevo podcast de Relatos de Terror, te llevará al filo de la locura con historias que estremecerán tu alma y desafiarán tu percepción de la realidad. 🎙 ️ Conducido por A Valkyrie, Morgayne y una tercera presencia misteriosa quienes serán tus guías en este viaje hacia lo más profundo de la pesadilla. Ellas te llevarán de la mano por relatos que desafían la razón, historias que perturban la mente y misterios que nunca debieron ser contados… 🌑👁️ 👤 Voces en la noche susurran advertencias… ¿Las escucharás o ignorarás su llamado? Desde apariciones espectrales que claman venganza hasta misterios insondables donde lo macabro es solo el principio, cada episodio te sumergirá en relatos perturbadores con un enfoque especial en el miedo que acecha a mujeres y sus peores pesadillas. Pero no te equivoques… aquí, nadie está a salvo. 🖤 Nahuales devorando la luna, entidades demoníacas acechando en la penumbra, maldiciones imposibles de romper… Todo esto y más te espera en un viaje sin retorno al lado más siniestro del terror. 🔪 ¿Te atreves a cruzar el umbral? La pesadilla comienza ahora.

Entra a la Pesadilla

《吕著中国通史》视野宏阔，是一部有见、有识的讲述中国大历史的典范之作。本书在体例上颇有创制：上册主讲文化史，以18个门类系统介绍社会经济制度、政治制度和文化学术的发展情况；下册主讲政治史，按时代顺序讲述历代政治大事，理乱兴亡。既使社会经济文化成为通史，也使政治军事成为通史，帮助读者从横向和纵向两个方面来鸟瞰中国历史，是学习中国历史不可多得的通史专著。 【2025年2月21日已重新制作，旁白和角色音。语速调慢了。】

《吕著中国通史》视野宏阔，是一部有见、有识的讲述中国大历史的典范之作。本书在体例上颇有创制：上册主讲文化史，以18个门类系统介绍社会经济制度、政治制度和文化学术的发展情况；下册主讲政治史，按时代顺序讲述历代政治大事，理乱兴亡。既使社会经济文化成为通史，也使政治军事成为通史，帮助读者从横向和纵向两个方面来鸟瞰中国历史，是学习中国历史不可多得的通史专著。【2025年2月21日已重新制作，旁白和角色音。语速调慢了。】

《吕著中国通史》视野宏阔，是一部有见、有识的讲述中国大历史的典范之作。本书在体例上颇有创制：上册主讲文化史，以18个门类系统介绍社会经济制度、政治制度和文化学术的发展情况；下册主讲政治史，按时代顺序讲述历代政治大事，理乱兴亡。既使社会经济文化成为通史，也使政治军事成为通史，帮助读者从横向和纵向两个方面来鸟瞰中国历史，是学习中国历史不可多得的通史专著。 【2025年2月21日已重新制作，旁白和角色音。语速调慢了。】

【免费】吕著中国通史|历史|公版|AI多播

A podcast about the making of the modernist city of Chandigarh - its origins, ethos, design principles, the people involved, its subsequent growth and possible futures.

Story of Chandigarh

🎙️ Viac než dejiny – podcast, ktorý prináša rozhovory s historikmi o fascinujúcich príbehoch minulosti. Každá epizóda odhaľuje neznáme detaily, prepojenia a nečakané zvraty, ktoré formovali našu súčasnosť. Ak máš rád(a) históriu, ktorá nie je len o dátumoch, ale o skutočných ľuďoch a udalostiach, tento podcast je pre teba! 🌍

🎙️ Viac než dejiny – podcast, ktorý prináša rozhovory s historikmi o fascinujúcich príbehoch minulosti. Každá epizóda odhaľuje neznáme detaily, prepojenia a nečakané zvraty, ktoré formovali našu súčasnosť. Ak máš rád(a) históriu, ktorá nie je len o dátumoch, ale o skutočných ľuďoch a udalostiach, tento podcast je pre teba! 🌍

Viac než dejiny

Авторский цикл подкастов, посвящённый истории праздников и развитию праздничной культуры! Вас ждут разговоры о режиссёрах, встречи с экспертами и не только!Мы докажем, что праздники - это не только развлечение!Автор проекта Кирилл Рубцов, режиссёр театрализованных представлений и праздников из Санкт-Петербурга. Подписывайтесь на телеграмм канал <a href="https://t.me/prazdnik_forever">"Праздник всегда с нами"</a>, чтобы быть в курсе всех праздников и фестивалей в Санкт-Петербурге!Проект реализовывается при поддержке Центра Добрососедства театров "ДОМ" и подростково-молодежного центра «Петроградский».

Авторский цикл подкастов, посвящённый истории праздников и развитию праздничной культуры! Вас ждут разговоры о режиссёрах, встречи с экспертами и не только! Мы докажем, что праздники - это не только развлечение! Автор проекта Кирилл Рубцов, режиссёр театрализованных представлений и праздников из Санкт-Петербурга. Подписывайтесь на телеграмм канал "Праздник всегда с нами", чтобы быть в курсе всех праздников и фестивалей в Санкт-Петербурге! Проект реализовывается при поддержке Центра Добрососедства театров "ДОМ" и подростково-молодежного центра «Петроградский».

Авторский цикл подкастов, посвящённый истории праздников и развитию праздничной культуры! Вас ждут разговоры о режиссёрах, встречи с экспертами и не только!Мы докажем, что праздники - это не только развлечение!Автор проекта Кирилл Рубцов, режиссёр театрализованных представлений и праздников из Санкт-Петербурга. Подписывайтесь на телеграмм канал <a href="https://t.me/prazdnik_forever" rel="noopener noreferrer">"Праздник всегда с нами"</a>, чтобы быть в курсе всех праздников и фестивалей в Санкт-Петербурге!Проект реализовывается при поддержке Центра Добрососедства театров "ДОМ" и подростково-молодежного центра «Петроградский».

Праздник всегда с нами

Recorded articles from the Jewish Museum of Maryland's Generations magazine

Next Generations

Learn more about prominent figures of the world. We learn every day, so dive in and have your share of knowing something new every day. Keep shining.

Learn more about prominent figures of the world. We learn every day, so dive in and have your share of knowing something new every day. Keep shining.

THE KNOWLEDGE BASE (TKB)

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i am @andreas.xirtushttps://www.andreas.mehttps://xirtus.comI created Tartary Novahttps://tartarynova.comthis is my fascinating videologue. Which will Advance you.https://odysee.com/@Xirtus:2enjoy.

i am @andreas.xirtus https://www.andreas.me https://xirtus.com I created Tartary Nova https://tartarynova.com this is my fascinating videologue. Which will Advance you. https://odysee.com/@Xirtus:2 enjoy.

Andreas Xirtus on Odysee

The Final Sentence: A Comprehensive History of Execution Execution, also known as capital punishment, has cast a long and haunting shadow across human history, spanning thousands of years and countless civilizations. From the earliest recorded legal codes to modern-day debates on human rights, the practice of state-sanctioned killing has evolved in its methods, justifications, and societal acceptance. This controversial form of punishment, often portrayed as the ultimate deterrent or the pinnacle of justice, continues to spark intense ethical debates, raise human rights concerns, and question the very foundations of our justice systems. This comprehensive exploration will delve into the intricate history of execution, examining its various methods throughout time, its effectiveness as a crime deterrent, the myriad problems associated with current practices, and the potential future of this contentious issue. The Origins of Execution in Ancient Civilizations The roots of execution as a form of punishment stretch back to the dawn of recorded history. Ancient civilizations viewed capital punishment as a necessary tool for maintaining social order and enforcing the rule of law. The belief that the most severe crimes warranted the ultimate punishment – death – was deeply ingrained in early societies. In ancient Mesopotamia, one of the earliest known legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi (circa 1754 BC), outlined execution as a punishment for a wide array of offenses. This groundbreaking document, etched in stone, prescribed death for crimes ranging from theft and robbery to perjury and even poor workmanship by builders whose structures collapsed and killed occupants. The Code of Hammurabi set a precedent for future legal systems, establishing a framework where severe punishment was equated with social justice and order. The ancient Egyptians, known for their complex religious beliefs and elaborate burial practices, also employed execution as a means of punishment and control. Pharaohs, considered living gods, wielded the power of life and death over their subjects. Egyptian methods of execution were often brutal and designed to instill fear and reinforce the pharaoh's divine authority. Common methods included impalement, burning alive, and drowning in the Nile. Notably, some forms of execution were symbolically tied to Egyptian religious beliefs, such as feeding condemned criminals to crocodiles, which were associated with the god Sobek. In ancient Greece, a civilization celebrated for its contributions to philosophy, democracy, and the arts, execution was also a part of the legal system. The Greeks employed various methods of capital punishment, including stoning, throwing criminals from cliffs (particularly the Barathron in Athens), and forced ingestion of poison. Perhaps the most famous execution in Greek history is that of the philosopher Socrates in 399 BC, who was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock for the crimes of impiety and corrupting the minds of the youth. The Roman Empire, which at its height stretched from Britain to the Middle East, had a complex system of law that included capital punishment. The Romans were particularly known for their use of crucifixion, a method of execution that involved nailing or tying a person to a wooden cross and leaving them to die from exhaustion, asphyxiation, and exposure. This method was generally reserved for slaves, pirates, and enemies of the state. The crucifixion of Jesus Christ, as recorded in Christian scriptures, is perhaps the most well-known example of this form of execution. Other Roman methods included beheading (reserved for citizens), being thrown to wild animals in the arena, and being burned alive. As Europe entered the Middle Ages, execution methods became increasingly elaborate and often symbolically linked to the crime committed. In medieval England, for instance, those convicted of high treason faced the gruesome fate of being hanged, drawn, and quartered. This brutal process involved being dragged by horse to the execution site, hanged until nearly dead, disemboweled while still alive, beheaded, and finally having the body cut into four pieces. Each step of this process was laden with symbolic meaning, designed not only to punish the condemned but also to serve as a powerful deterrent to others who might consider committing treason. The Evolution of Execution Methods As societies evolved, so too did their methods of execution. While some cultures sought more humane ways to carry out capital punishment, others developed increasingly cruel and unusual methods. This evolution reflects changing attitudes towards punishment, justice, and human rights throughout history. Beheading, one of the oldest methods of execution, was widely used in Europe and Asia for centuries. In medieval Europe, it was often reserved for nobility, considered a more honorable death than hanging. The executioner's skill was crucial; a sharp blade and a skilled hand could ensure a quick death, while a botched execution could result in horrific suffering. The introduction of the guillotine during the French Revolution in 1792 was seen as a step towards a more humane and egalitarian form of execution. Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, who proposed the device, argued that it would make execution quick and painless while eliminating the element of human error present in traditional beheadings. Hanging became one of the most widespread methods of execution, particularly in Europe and North America during the 18th and 19th centuries. The physics of hanging evolved over time, with executioners developing the "long drop" method to ensure a quicker death by breaking the condemned's neck rather than causing a slower death by strangulation. However, miscalculations in the drop length could still result in decapitation or a prolonged, agonizing death. Public hangings were common, often drawing large crowds and taking on a carnival-like atmosphere, raising questions about the moral implications of turning execution into a form of public entertainment. Burning at the stake, a method often associated with religious persecution, was commonly used to execute those accused of heresy or witchcraft. This method was particularly favored during the Spanish Inquisition and the witch trials that swept through Europe and colonial America in the 16th and 17th centuries. The execution of Joan of Arc in 1431 remains one of the most famous examples of this method. The public spectacle of these burnings served not only as a form of punishment but also as a powerful tool for religious and political control. The 19th and 20th centuries saw the introduction of new execution methods that were purportedly more humane. The electric chair, first used in 1890 in New York, was touted as a quick and painless method of execution. However, numerous botched executions, where victims suffered horrific burns and prolonged deaths, called this claim into question. Similarly, the gas chamber, first used in Nevada in 1924, was initially seen as a more humane alternative but often resulted in agonizing deaths that could take up to 10 minutes or more. Lethal injection, first used in Texas in 1982, is now the primary method of execution in the United States. This method typically involves administering a series of drugs: first a sedative, then a paralytic agent, and finally a drug to stop the heart. While designed to be painless and clinical, botched lethal injections have raised serious concerns about the humanity of this method. The Effectiveness of Execution as a Deterrent One of the primary arguments in favor of capital punishment has long been its supposed effectiveness as a deterrent to serious crime. The logic seems straightforward: if potential criminals know that committing certain offenses could result in their own death, they will be less likely to commit those crimes. However, decades of criminological research have cast doubt on this assumption, with many studies suggesting that the death penalty does little to prevent violent crime. In the United States, a comparison of murder rates between states with and without the death penalty has consistently failed to show a clear deterrent effect. In fact, some studies have found that states without the death penalty often have lower murder rates than those that retain it. For example, a 2009 survey of criminologists published in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology found that over 88% believed the death penalty was not a deterrent to murder. International comparisons also fail to support the deterrence argument. Many countries that have abolished the death penalty, including most European nations, Canada, and Australia, have not seen increases in violent crime rates following abolition. Some have even experienced decreases in murder rates. For instance, Canada's murder rate has declined by over 40% since capital punishment was abolished in 1976. Psychological studies provide insight into why the death penalty may fail as a deterrent. Most violent crimes, particularly murders, are committed in the heat of passion, under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or in other highly emotional states. In these circumstances, the perpetrator is unlikely to engage in a rational cost-benefit analysis that takes into account the possibility of execution. Furthermore, many criminals exhibit a trait known as "present bias," where they heavily discount future consequences in favor of immediate gratification or emotional release. Another factor that undermines the deterrent effect is the low probability of actually being executed, even in jurisdictions that retain the death penalty. In the United States, for example, only a small percentage of murders result in a death sentence, and an even smaller percentage of those sentenced to death are actually executed. The time between sentencing and execution, if it occurs at all, can span decades. This long delay and uncertainty further weaken any

The Dark History of Execution

The Ontario Historical Society (Canada) presents audio recordings of keynote addresses from recent annual general meetings.

Ontario Historical Society AGM Keynote Addresses

SLS MET Audio Tour 2024 - List 2

Professor Carlotta Lively's Pacific Islander class projects.

Pacific Islanders

Jamshid Muslimovning Fridrix Nitshe "Zardusht tavallosi" asariga sharhlari<hr> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.

Jamshid Muslimovning Fridrix Nitshe "Zardusht tavallosi" asariga sharhlari Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Jamshid Muslimovning Fridrix Nitshe "Zardusht tavallosi" asariga sharhlari Hosted on Acast. See <a href="https://acast.com/privacy" rel="noopener noreferrer">acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.

History Podcasts / Page 420

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Andreas Xirtus on Odysee

The Dark History of Execution

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