Sea snakes and scientists, popes and Pacific islands all star in this wide-ranging episode. As Germany and Spain threaten to go to war over a chain of islands, the Spaniards feared that the diplomatic ruckus kicked up by the Caroline Crisis would also swallow up their colony next door: the Philippines!

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P.S. My voiceover partner-in-crime, Anya, is on extended leave, so I’ll be voicing the entirety of this episode.

References:

Weston, Nathaniel Parker (2012). “Scientific Authority, Nationalism, and Colonial Entanglements between Germany, Spain, and the Philippines, 1850 to 1900” [doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington. 

Weston, Nathaniel Parker (2021). Specters of Germany: Colonial Rivalry and Scholarship in the Philippine Reform Movement and Revolution. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Hanlon, David (1988). Upon a Stone Altar: A History of the Island of Pohnpei to 1890. University of Hawaii Press.

Hezel, Francis X. (1995). Strangers in Their Own Land: A Century of Colonial Rule in the Caroline and Marshall Islands. University of Hawaii Press. 

“German Gunboats and Pacific Natives” (14 February 1887). The West Australian.

“Jose Rizal, suspected spy, deciphered” (19 September 2012). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. https://nhcp.gov.ph/jose-rizal-suspected-spy-deciphered/

During negotiations with the besieging British, an English officer loses his head to Philippine lancers! In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we zero in on this unexpected episode during the 1762 Battle of Manila. (Listen to S5E10 before listening to this one!)

When the conquistadors arrive in the Philippines, the takers of gold come face to face with the takers of heads.

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Tan, Narciso C. (2021). Púgot: Head Taking, Ritual Cannibalism, and Human Sacrifice in the Philippines. Vibal Foundation.

De Raedt, Jules (2010). “The Talanganay Myth Analyzed.” The Cordillera Review: Journal of Philippine Culture and Society, 2(1).

Zaragoza, Ramon Ma. (2004). “Capitan Juan de Salcedo.” Budhi, 8(3).

Riquel, Fernando. “Proclamation Regarding Treasure. Order to Make Declaration of the Gold Taken from the Burial-Places of the Indians.”  In Blair, Emma Helen, and Robertson, James Alexander (eds.), The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 (Vol. 2), Arthur H. Clark Company.

During World War II, the Japanese-backed currency became a laughingstock in Manila!  In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we take a look at wartime currency. (Listen to S5E9 before listening to this one!)

Sisid rice. “Star” meat. Loads and loads of kamote. Inside Japanese-occupied Manila, residents of the capital city must do what they can to fend off starvation.

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Doeppers, Daniel (2016). Feeding Manila in Peace and War, 1850-1945. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Jose, Ricardo T. (1998). The Japanese Occupation. In Kasaysayan: The Story of the Filipino People. Asia Publishing Company Limited.

Fernandez, Doreen (1998). “Surviving Off the Land.” In Jose (1998), The Japanese Occupation. Asia Publishing Company Limited.

Parsons, Chick (1942). “Memorandum as the Conditions in the Philippines during Japanese Occupation. Memorandum of Mr. C. Parsons to the Department of State [declassified intelligence document].

PEMSEA (2007). “Manila Bay: Initial risk assessment.” PEMSEA Technical Information Report No. 2007/01112.

Stinner, William F.; Bacol-Montilla, Melinda (1981). “Population Deconcentration in Metropolitan Manila in the Twentieth Century.” The Journal of Developing Areas, 16(1), 3-16.

Reyes, Millie and Karla (6 December 2018). “The love story behind the Aristocrat — and the back story of their barbecue.” Philippine Star. 

“Lido Cocina Tsina: A must-visit dining institution in Manila.” (25 January 2013). Philippine Star.

French, Paul (2018). City of Devils: The Two Men Who Ruled the Underworld of Old Shanghai. Picador. 

Scott, James C. (2010). The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. Yale University Press.

Abducted from their homes, these slaves are plunged into their new life!  In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we discuss the lives of the slaves in Sulu. (Listen to S5E8 before listening to this one!)

The panicked cries of a watchman, the desperate tolling of church bells, the cloud of masts appearing on the horizon. In the coastal towns of colonial Philippines, these can only mean one thing: the slavers have arrived.

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Warren, James Francis (2021). The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State (40th Anniversary Ed.) Ateneo de Manila Press.

Non, Domingo N. (March 1993). “Moro Piracy During the Spanish Period and Its Impact.” Southeast Asian Studies, 30(4).

The first pact signed between the US and the Sulu kingdom! In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we discuss Charles Wilkes’ sitdown with the sultan. (Listen to S5E7 before listening to this one!)

The “scientifics” of the so-called Ex Ex summit Mt. Banahaw in 1842, as part of their quest to survey the Philippine archipelago! What does this American scientific expedition find in our islands?

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Wilkes, Charles (1845). Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Lea and Blanchard.

Walsh, Jane (March 2004). “From the Ends of the Earth: The United States Exploring Expedition Collections.” Smithsonian Libraries. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Walsh-01.htm

Philbrick, Nathaniel (January 2004). “The Scientific Legacy of the U.S. Exploring Expedition.” Smithsonian Libraries. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Philbrick.htm

Gorospe, Vitaliano R. (1992). “Mount Banahaw: The Power Mountain From Ritualism to Spirituality.” Philippine Studies, 40(2), 204-218. 

Somera, Rene D. (1986). “Pamumuwesto of Mount Banahaw.” Philippine Studies, 34(4), 436-451.

Grunes, Marissa (2021). “Ahab and Ishmael in Antarctica: How Charles Wilkes's White Continent Gave Rise to the White Whale.” Leviathan, 23(2), 3-33. 

Frankopan, Peter (2023). The Earth Transformed: An Untold History of the World. Knopf.

The search is on for the legendary mines of the north! In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we discuss the early Spanish expeditions to what is now Benguet. (Listen to S5E6 before listening to this one!)