We are joined by Cristopher Moore, a professor at the Santa Fe Institute with a diverse background in physics, computer science, and machine learning.

The conversation begins with Cristopher, who calls himself a "frog" explaining that he prefers to dive deep into specific, concrete problems rather than taking a high-level "bird's-eye view".

They explore why current AI models, like transformers, are so surprisingly effective. Cristopher argues it's because the real world isn't random; it's full of rich structures, patterns, and hierarchies that these models can learn to exploit, even if we don't fully understand how.

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Cristopher Moore:

https://sites.santafe.edu/~moore/

TOC:

00:00:00 - Introduction

00:02:05 - Meet Christopher Moore: A Frog in the World of Science

00:05:14 - The Limits of Transformers and Real-World Data

00:11:19 - Intelligence as Creative Problem-Solving

00:23:30 - Grounding, Meaning, and Shared Reality

00:31:09 - The Nature of Creativity and Aesthetics

00:44:31 - Computational Irreducibility and Universality

00:53:06 - Turing Completeness, Recursion, and Intelligence

01:11:26 - The Universe Through a Computational Lens

01:26:45 - Algorithmic Justice and the Need for Transparency

TRANSCRIPT: https://app.rescript.info/public/share/VRe2uQSvKZOm0oIBoDsrNwt46OMCqRnShVnUF3qyoFk

Filmed at DISI (Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute)

https://disi.org/

REFS:

The Nature of computation [Chris Moore]

https://nature-of-computation.org/

Birds and Frogs [Freeman Dyson]

https://www.ams.org/notices/200902/rtx090200212p.pdf

Replica Theory [Parisi et al]

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.2722

Janossy pooling [Fabian Fuchs]

https://fabianfuchsml.github.io/equilibriumaggregation/

Cracking the cryptic [YT channel]

https://www.youtube.com/c/CrackingTheCryptic

Sudoko Bench [Sakana]

https://sakana.ai/sudoku-bench/

Fractured entangled representations “phylogenetic locking in comment” [Kumar/Stanley]

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.11581 (see our shows on this)

The War Against Cliché: [Martin Amis]

https://www.amazon.com/War-Against-Cliche-Reviews-1971-2000/dp/0375727167

Rule 110 (CA)

https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Rule150.html

Universality in Elementary Cellular Automata [Matt Cooke]

https://wpmedia.wolfram.com/sites/13/2018/02/15-1-1.pdf

Small Semi-Weakly Universal Turing Machines [Damien Woods]

https://tilde.ini.uzh.ch/users/tneary/public_html/WoodsNeary-FI09.pdf

COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE [Turing, 1950]

https://courses.cs.umbc.edu/471/papers/turing.pdf

Comment on Space Time as a causal set [Moore, 88]

https://sites.santafe.edu/~moore/comment.pdf

Recursion Theory on the Reals and Continuous-time Computation [Moore, 96]