Our monetary policy statement at a glance, 24 July 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/visual-mps/2025/html/mopo_statement_explained_july.en.html

Christine Lagarde, Luis de Guindos: Monetary policy statement, 24 July 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/2025/html/ecb.is250724~a66e730494.en.html

Monetary policy decisions, 24 July 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2025/html/ecb.mp250724~50bc70e13f.en.html

Combined monetary policy decisions and statement, 24 July 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/shared/pdf/ecb.ds250724~8cbca58e07.en.pdf?df0653cc32352ba804c7d1262686b588

European Central Bank

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

Published and recorded during our press conference on 24 July 2025

#MonetaryPolicy #EuropeanCentralBank #ChristineLagarde #Finance #FinancialConditions #Inflation #EconomicActivity #EconomicOutlook #PressConference #Banking #CentralBanking #Podcast #Economics #EU #Europe #ECB

Can an increase in defence spending affect investments in green energy and digital infrastructure? What do US tariff threats mean for the ECB? How does the ECB support smaller countries in the Eurosystem? And is AI an opportunity or a risk for the financial future?

In the last episode of our Sintra series, our host Stefania Secola takes us on a walk around the ECB Forum and gets top experts to answer your questions.

The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.

Published on 9 July 2025 and recorded during the ECB Forum on Central Banking in Sintra between 30 June and 2 July 2025.

In this episode:

02:05 Defence spending

Can an increase in defence spending affect investments in green energy and digital infrastructure?

08:08 Tariffs

How do US tariff threats affect the economy? What do they mean for the ECB? And what are the opportunities for Europe?

14:14 Smaller vs. bigger economies in the Eurosystem

Does the ECB prioritise bigger economies over smaller ones? Do smaller countries, such as Slovenia, benefit from the ECB’s monetary policy?

18:55 Artificial intelligence

Is AI an opportunity or a risk for the financial future?

Further readings:

Gensler, G., Johnson, S., Panizza, U. and Weder di Mauro, B.: The Economic Consequences of The Second Trump Administration: A Preliminary Assessment

https://cepr.org/publications/books-and-reports/economic-consequences-second-trump-administration-preliminary

The ECB Podcast: AI: economic game changer or job taker?

https://soundcloud.com/europeancentralbank/ai-economic-game-changer-or-job-taker

ECB Instagram

https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/

Tariffs and geopolitical conflicts have created uncertainty around the world. But how does the new trade environment affect inflation and the economy? How can central banks adapt? And what is the potential impact on the dominance of the US dollar ?

In the third episode of our special Sintra series of the ECB Podcast, our host Paul Gordon talks to London School of Economics Professor Silvana Tenreyro.

The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.

Published on 4 July 2025 and recorded on 1 July 2025.

In this episode:

01:30 How is the world economy doing?

What developments are having an impact on our economy today? And what uncertainties are arising from tariffs, trade fragmentation and armed conflicts in different parts of the world?

03:30 Tariffs, trade fragmentation and the economy

How can trade tariffs and fragmentation affect economic growth and inflation in the euro area and beyond?

06:25 How are prices changing?

How are prices changing in different countries? Will tariffs cause prices in the United States to rise, and those in Asia and Europe to fall? And why?

07:55 Lessons for central banks

Given the extremely high level of uncertainty, what lessons from past shocks can central banks apply in the future? Why do we need clearly defined frameworks? And what role do governments play?

09:55 How can governments prepare for potential shocks?

Investing in technologies that are difficult to substitute, diversifying energy sources and creating buffers for critical inputs – why it’s crucial that governments have a strategy to withstand various shocks.

12:05 What is a dominant currency?

When is a currency considered internationally “dominant”? And what dominant currencies have there been in the past?

13:40 Dollar dominance and monetary policy transmission

Does dollar dominance in international trade transactions reduce the effectiveness of monetary policy?

17:30 The future of dollar dominance

How will the dominance of the US dollar develop in the future? Is its role as a primary reserve currency at risk due to the Trump Administration’s policies?

19:10 What keeps you up at night?

What happens to our economy if there is a sudden shortage of a certain input? What impact will AI have if it remains largely unregulated? And what do stablecoins and digital currencies mean for our economy?

21:00 Our guest’s hot tip

Silvana shares her hot tip with our listeners.

Further readings:

Michael McLeay and Silvana Tenreyro: Dollar dominance and the transmission of monetary policy

https://personal.lse.ac.uk/tenreyro/dominant_currency.pdf

Sintra Series episode 1/4: Price stability in times of change

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/tvservices/podcast/html/ecb.pod250702_episode110.en.html

Sintra Series episode 2/4: Adapting to change: Ensuring price stability in a new geopolitical era

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/tvservices/podcast/html/ecb.pod250625_episode109.en.html

Silvana’s hot tip

I’m still here/Ainda estou aqui

ECB Instagram

https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/

President Christine Lagarde sat down with central bank heads from the United States, hte United Kindgdom, South Korea, and Japan at this year's ECB Forum on Central Banking in Sintra, Portugal. They discuss the steps they've taken to fight inflation and explioe the challenges and opportunities ahead.

Recorded on 1 July 2025 and published on 2 July 2025

Further reading:

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20250630_ecb_forum_on_central_banking.en.html

European Central Bank:

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

European Central Bank Supervision:

https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

How does geopolitical uncertainty affect inflation? How do we keep monetary policy fit for purpose in a rapidly changing world? And what are the main topics at this year’s ECB Forum in Sintra, Portugal?

In the first episode of our special Sintra series for The ECB Podcast, our host Paul Gordon discusses all these questions and more with Chief Economist and Executive Board member, Philip R. Lane.

The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.

Published on 25 June 2025 and recorded on 16 June 2025.

In this episode:

01:28 The ECB Governing Council lowered key interest rates to 2%.

What was the motivation behind the decision?

04:30 How do we ensure that risks and uncertainties are integrated into the monetary policy decision-making process?

What is our baseline? What factors need to be taken into account?

06:44 Alternative scenarios in the latest projections

Why do we communicate our “what if” scenarios?

08:11 Meeting-by-meeting, data-dependent approach

Why do we follow this approach?

09:50 Strategy review

How can we make sure our strategy is up to date?

12:02 High-level uncertainty

How do we factor heightened uncertainty in our strategy?

13:50 ECB Forum on Central Banking in Sintra, Portugal

What is the ECB Forum and what’s behind it? What’s the goal of the Forum? What’s Philip R. Lane looking forward to?

16:53 Our guest’s hot tip

Philip R. Lane shares his hot tip.

Programme of ECB Forum on Central Banking in Sintra, Portugal

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20250630_ecb_forum_on_central_banking.en.html

Ken Rogoff "Our dollar, your problem"

https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300275315/our-dollar-your-problem/

ECB Instagram

https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/

European Central Bank

www.ecb.europa.eu

ECB Banking Supervision

https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

Today our Governing Council decided on monetary policy, determining what’s needed to return inflation to our 2% goal in a timely manner.

Listen to President Christine Lagarde present today’s decisions. The statement also covers:

• how the economy is performing

• how we expect pri¬ces to develop

• the risks to the economic outlook

• the dynamics behind financial and monetary conditions

Our monetary policy statement at a glance, 5 June 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/visual-mps/2025/html/mopo_statement_explained_june.en.html

Christine Lagarde, Luis de Guindos: Monetary policy statement, 5 June 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/2025/html/ecb.is250605~f00a36ef2b.en.html

Monetary policy decisions, 5 June 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2025/html/ecb.mp250605~3b5f67d007.en.html

Combined monetary policy decisions and statement, 5 June 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/shared/pdf/ecb.ds250605~dc79b630e3.en.pdf?1ae87c3b33214537469188411c6fec52

Macroeconomic projections, 5 June 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/projections/html/ecb.projections202506_eurosystemstaff~16a68fbaf4.en.html

European Central Bank

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

Published and recorded during our press conference on 5 June 2025

#MonetaryPolicy #EuropeanCentralBank #ChristineLagarde #Finance #FinancialConditions #Inflation #EconomicActivity #EconomicOutlook #PressConference #Banking #CentralBanking #Podcast #Economics #EU #Europe #ECB

We live in an increasingly uncertain world. But what are the economic and financial implications of such turbulent times? What does it mean for Europe’s banking and non-bank sectors, companies, households, and government finances? And how can Europe navigate such volatility?

Our host Paul Gordon discusses these questions and more with expert John Fell in the latest episode of The ECB Podcast.

The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.

Published on 22 May 2025 and recorded on 16 May 2025.

In this episode:

01:50 Geopolitical developments and global financial imbalances

How did markets react to the high level of uncertainty?

05:10 Safe havens

What are safe havens? What happened to US government bonds?

09:08 Europe’s reaction

Can Europe afford the increased spending in security and defense? What happens to other structural challenges?

13:18 Potential unexpected consequences

What positive benefits can defence spending bring? Can it boost growth? What are the solutions to instabilities that might bring?

16:33 Our guest’s hot tip

John shares his hot tip with our listeners.

Further readings:

Financial Stability Review, May 2025

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/financial-stability-publications/fsr/html/index.en.html

Our guest’s hot tip: When Genius Failed: The Rise and Fall of Long-Term Capital Management by Roger Lowenstein

https://www.amazon.de/-/en/When-Genius-Failed-Long-Term-Management/dp/0375758259

European Central Bank

www.ecb.europa.eu

Today our Governing Council decided on monetary policy, determining what’s needed to return inflation to our 2% goal in a timely manner.

Listen to President Christine Lagarde present today’s decisions. The statement also covers:

• how the economy is performing

• how we expect prices to develop

• the risks to the economic outlook

• the dynamics behind financial and monetary conditions

Our monetary policy statement at a glance, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/visual-mps/2025/html/mopo_statement_explained_april.en.html

Christine Lagarde, Luis de Guindos: Monetary policy statement, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/2025/html/ecb.is250417~091c625eb6.en.html

Monetary policy decisions, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2025/html/ecb.mp250417~42727d0735.en.html

Combined monetary policy decisions and statement, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/shared/pdf/ecb.ds250417~e613e58d41.en.pdf?95a8c391ee55936072302d86e709bf0e

European Central Bank

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

You can also listen on all major podcast platforms.

Published and recorded during our press conference on 17 April 2025

#MonetaryPolicy #EuropeanCentralBank #ChristineLagarde #Finance #FinancialConditions #Inflation #EconomicActivity #EconomicOutlook #PressConference #Banking #CentralBanking #Podcast #Economics #EU #Europe #ECB

Will AI take our jobs? Does AI boost economic productivity? Is it a choice of going green or going digital?

Our host Paul Gordon talks to ECB colleagues António Dias da Silva, Guzmán González-Torres Fernández and Miles Parker to find out what AI means for the economy, especially for productivity, job prospects and energy supply.

The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.

Published on 9 April 2025 and recorded on 3 April 2025.

In this episode:

00:55 Is AI replacing jobs?

Can AI ever replace jobs in journalism or film-making? Will AI be our next podcast host?

02:14 Is AI a job changer?

How are new technologies changing our jobs?

04:00 Age, education and gender

Who uses AI and how do people feel about it? Does AI usage differ based on age, education and gender?

06:57 Sectors with the highest AI usage

Which sectors use AI the most? What’s behind the different attitudes towards AI in different areas of the economy?

09:00 Corporate usage of AI

What do companies need to effectively use AI?

11:02 How does AI affect productivity?

How can AI be put to good use? To what extent can Europe’s economy grow with current AI usage? Is the world ready for AI?

13:29 The role of policymakers

How can policymakers make it easier for companies to use AI?

15:10 AI and energy consumption

How much energy does AI need? How much energy does ChatGPT use for one search? Will energy demand go up or down?

17:15 Go green or go digital?

Do we need to choose or does AI allow both? How could AI help the green transition?

19:10 Obstacles

What are the roadblocks to the green and digital transitions? What investment is needed to make these transitions a success? What else needs to be done?

21:50 Our guests’ hot tips

António, Guzmán and Miles share their hot tips with our listeners.

Further reading:

The ECB Blog: AI adoption and employment prospects

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250321~6af1337b6b.en.html

The ECB Blog: AI versus green: clash of the transitions?

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250325~ed12b0ff35.en.html

The ECB Blog: AI can boost productivity – if firms use it

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250328~60c0a587f7.en.html

Hot tip from António: Tech-focused podcast Babbage by The Economist https://www.economist.com/audio/podcasts/babbage

Hot tip from Guzmán: The ECB recent conference on “The transformative power of AI: economic implications and challenges”

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20250401_transformative_power_of_ai.en.html

Hot tip from Miles: International Energy Agency website

https://www.iea.org/

ECB Instagram

https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/

European Central Bank

www.ecb.europa.eu

ECB Banking Supervision

https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

We need financial literacy to make good financial decisions. But did you know that half of Europeans have low financial literacy levels, and that 60% of them are women?

Our host Stefania Secola talks to Annamaria Lusardi from Stanford University about what financial literacy is, why it matters and how we can improve it, especially among women.

The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.

Published on 13 March 2025 and recorded on 7 March 2025.

In this episode:

00:01 Commitments made by central banks

How did central bank Governors commit to improving financial literacy in their respective countries? What are the desired outcomes?

00:27 Looking at the numbers

How financially literate are Europeans? How big is the gap between men and women? And what can we do about it?

01:55 Financial literacy defined

What is financial literacy? How does it relate to financial independence?

03:58 Measuring financial literacy

There are three simple questions, known as the “Big Three”, that experts use to measure financial literacy. Can you, our listener, answer them?

05:59 Why central banks care about financial literacy

Why does financial literacy matter for central banks? How does it relate to the effectiveness of monetary policy and trust in what a central bank does? And how does it affect banking supervision?

10:53 Financial knowledge in Europe

Why is financial literacy in Europe so low? What can we do to increase the overall level of financial literacy among Europeans?

12:30 When to start addressing financial literacy

When is the best time to improve people’s financial literacy? Is it limited to schools or are there also other teachable moments?

15:50 The gender gap in financial literacy

Why is there this gender gap and why is it a problem? What can we do to make sure that half the population isn’t left behind?

20:14 The role of fintech

Does fintech complement financial literacy? What risks do gender differences in digital literacy pose when it comes to using fintech?

22:26 The road ahead

Central banks made five commitments to improve financial literacy. What are these commitments?

24:50 Financial literacy question: answer revealed

We answer the first “Big Three” question. Listen and see whether you chose the correct answer!

25:45 Our guest’s hot tip

Annamaria shares her hot tip with our listeners.

Further reading:

Annamaria Lusardi’s research

https://www.annamarialusardi.com/research/

ECB International Women’s Day Event 2025

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20250307_intl_womens_day.en.html

The ECB Blog: The gender gap at work is closing – but slowly

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250307~85fd774bd3.en.html

The “Big Three” and “Big Five”

https://gflec.org/education/questions-that-indicate-financial-literacy/

Chart: Gender gap in financial literacy is pervasive, incl. the young, well educated and high income

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvVzgcXCFBw&t=222s

ECB Instagram

https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/

European Central Bank

www.ecb.europa.eu

ECB Banking Supervision

https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html