The Sanna family of Chicago saw the end of the milkman and needed adapt their dairy business for the future. Hello Swiss Miss.
Welcome to the Empire Builders Podcast, teaching business owners the not so secret techniques that took famous businesses from mom and pop to major brands. Stephen Semple is a marketing consultant, story collector, and storyteller. I’m Stephen’s sidekick and business partner, Dave Young. Before we get into today’s episode, a word from our sponsor, which is, well, it’s us, but we’re highlighting ads we’ve written and produced for our clients. So here’s one of those.
Welcome back to the Empire Builders Podcast. I’m Dave Young and Stephen Semple sitting here. And he just told me what the topic is. And it took me back to, gosh, it took me back to my young teens sitting in a ski lodge drinking some hot chocolate.
There you go. That’s a good one.
This was the innovation in hot chocolate, and we’re going to talk about Swiss Miss.
All right. And I’m trying to think of when that would’ve come out. Probably, I’m guessing the ’60s, ’70s?
And it wasn’t long before my mom had a recipe for it would make a giant tub of it. It wasn’t Swiss Miss obviously, but it was like it’s powdered milk and cocoa and whatever else. I would just eat it by the spoonful dry.
Wow. Really? Okay. There you go.
Sure. I was doing those kinds of YouTube challenges before YouTube was around all by myself in my mom’s kitchen.
Well, Swiss Miss was actually launched in 1961. 1961. It was created by the Sanna family, as you’ll learn in this. And it’s a bit of an interesting story. It’s almost like a seven-act play in terms of-
Sanna family. S-A-N-N-A, Sanna.
Yeah. And it said it’s a bit of an interesting journey. It’s almost like a seven-act play in terms of the stuff that happened.
And I don’t know where this is going. I’m going to throw a weird guess out.
One of the things that my mom put in her hot cocoa recipe was a powdered milk. And we used to drink this, a powdered milk called Sanalac.
You’re right on the money, Dave.
Yep. Once again, ding, ding, ding. Dave nails it.
Okay. Well, we’re done. We’re done now.
For some reason, I saw it with one N, but yeah, it was weird. There was a period of a couple years where she didn’t buy milk at the store. She bought powdered milk and we had these jugs that had these plungers that stirred it up and we had powdered milk. It was almost like war rations in the ’70s or something. I don’t know why we did it.
So this is a big part of the story. Now, Swiss Miss was started in ’61. It was sold in 1967 to Beatrice Foods. Now, the price wasn’t disclosed, but it’s estimated it was somewhere in the $10, $12 million range, which is not bad for 1967. Today, they’re owned by Conagra, and it’s estimated that they sell 50 million boxes a year of Swiss Miss hot chocolate, which is pretty-
That’s a lot of hot chocolate.
That’s a lot of hot chocolate. Our story starts with Anthony Sanna, who’s an Italian immigrant in Chicago, who starts Sanna Dairies, which is a milk distribution company. And at the time, milk was a really regular delivery. There was the milkman who came to the neighborhood delivering bottles of milk.
Yeah. And we had a milkman. Maybe she didn’t like him and decided, “Sorry, we’re going the powdered route.” I don’t know. I don’t know.
Following World War II, US consumers start going through a large transition. Suburbs, boom, refrigeration in the home becomes common, grocery stores emerge. Guess what? The writing on the wall for home milk delivery is there.
The refrigerated section of the grocery store. Yep.
Right. So Anthony sees this opportunity to create maybe what he should do instead of he’s got to pivot the business away from whole milk delivery to, “I’m going to build a shelf-stable milk product.”
So now at the time, powder milk existed and had for generations, but the problem was it wasn’t convenient. It tended to float on the surface, formed like these stubborn lumps. It created a lot of dust. It required really vigorous mixing and it didn’t dissolve well in cold water. So shelf-stable, but not convenient. What Anthony Sanna developed was this milk drying. He did this more of this milk drying that turned it into Sanalac, which is one N.
Yeah. It’s spelled with one N, but the family name is two Ns. And basically promote it as the first instant dry milk. And the word instant is important here because the milk was very fine, dense particles that when it hit the water, it blended better.
I don’t remember there being anything wrong with it. It was like, “Oh, you dump the powder in, you put the water in, and the pitcher, it was a plastic pitcher and it had a plunger agitator thing, and now it’s milk. Have some cereal now.”
The powdered milk previously was when the water hit the powder, the outside would become wet and sticky, trapping the brown powder inside, so it was all this work to break it down.
It’s kind of like stirring up a protein drink today, right?
Yeah. Where the Sanna process from Sanalac produced a powder that was more porous, less dusty, easier to wet, quicker dissolving. Great.
So now what you’ve got is this patent that Charles Sanna put together was described as being instantly soluble, free-flowing, relatively dust-free, non-fat, dry milk. So the first act-
Exactly. So act one is we basically pivot away from the milkman.
So challenge to the business was milkman’s going away. That’s a powerful idea.
Because my business is changing, I pivot. But I didn’t pivot away from the milk business, pivoted away to how the product is done. On its own, we could do a whole podcast on that, but we’re not done yet. So war breaks out with Korea. Korean War breaks out.
And Charles takes the product and packages it in the small individual packets.
Oh, okay. So you could have a cup of milk.
So now it’s easy to transport and use it. You could have a cup of milk, you could use it as a creamer for coffee, all the other stuff. And he gets a huge contract with the government, but in order to meet the delivery requirements, he has to have a large inventory on hand of the milk powder.
Korean War ends. What do you do with all the inventory?
So he’s sitting on this massive amount of inventory. So what Charles notices is that there’s a lot of hot chocolate mixes at the time where cocoa and sugar, but required hot milk.
You added milk. Yeah, yeah.
Hot milk, he had to heat up. And as we know, heating up milk, it’s a bit of a pain in the neck because you can get the film on the top.
It’s one of those things that goes from warm to boiling over instantaneously. It’s crazy.
I can’t remember the last time I even tried.
Right. Well, I’ve done it for some creams, things like that. It’s pain in the neck so, “What if the milk was part of the mix?” He asked himself. So he started experimenting with mixing in cocoa and sugar with his instant milk. Now you have a hot chocolate without heating milk.
You could just use hot tap water.
Right? Yeah, a kid can make their own cup of hot chocolate.
So act one, we make the powder milk. Act two, we put it in packaging. Act three, we now invent hot chocolate. So what’s the next act? So in 1959, they launch it, but they call it Brown Swiss.
Brown Swiss, that’s not good. Nobody wants Brown Swiss. Stay tuned. We’re going to wrap up this story and tell you how to apply this lesson to your business right after this.
Let’s pick up our story where we left off, and trust me, you haven’t missed a thing.
So act one, we make the powder milk. Act two, we put it in packaging. Act three, we now invent hot chocolate. So what’s the next act? So in 1959, they launch it, but they call it Brown Swiss.
Brown Swiss, that’s not good. Nobody wants Brown Swiss.
So here they are. They didn’t invent hot chocolate, they didn’t invent hot beverages, but what they really created was this new thing, hot chocolate instant beverage. I’ll just open the pack, add hot water, ready to go. Now, where are they going to sell it? So what they decide to do was sell it to airlines because they could individually pack it.
Because remember, it’s late ’50s, airline travel’s glamorous. And so they approach the airlines and they say, “Hey, you should do this because this’ll be really easy for you to give people hot chocolate.”
And nobody’s going to be boiling milk on an airplane.
Nobody wants to do that. So yeah, perfect. Perfect target.
Right. But our story’s not quite done because they lose the airline contracts. And the reason is, here’s the ironic twist, they lose the contracts because the product is so popular, people are stealing packets and taking it home with them.
That’s just good market research. That’s what that is.
So it becomes way too expensive for the airlines to do this. But what they know is, “We got a hit. When that’s happening, we’ve got a hit.” But what they also realize is Brown Swiss is not really a good name. So in 1961, they rebrand it to Swiss Miss. And in the packaging, they lean heavily into the halo effect of Swiss and Swiss chocolate.
Sure, sure. Yeah. And then there’s a little alpine girl in the logo, right? And she’s the Swiss Miss.
Exactly. And the interesting thing is the product has nothing to do with Switzerland. It really doesn’t.
But what they understood is there’s the halo effect of Swiss, which they understood with Brown Swiss, they understood Swiss has got this halo effect, but Brown Swiss was almost too weird and on the nose. Swiss Miss allowed them to create this lovely feeling, right?
And when you looked at the early packaging, there was Swiss lodges and this character, this Swiss character.
We’d much rather think of our milk as coming from a happy cow with a bell around its neck in Switzerland than a modern day dairy operation.
Right. Well, if you think about it, we often use these shortcuts to judge products. If something comes from Italy, we assume fashion. Germany, we assume engineering. Japan, we assume electronics. France, luxury. Switzerland, chocolate and watches.
And holes in cheese. Yeah. So the company literally borrowed these decades of reputation and attached to it for that halo effect. And it just worked better when they did it with the name Swiss Miss than Brown Swiss. But what I loved is the path this went down is think about the innovations that Charles Sanna did. “I’m in a milk delivery business. Delivery’s going away. What do I do? I’ll make a shelf-stable product. That way I don’t have to deal with the delivery man.” Korean War comes along. “Oh, I’ve got an opportunity. Let me individually package it. Great. Oh, I’ve got all this inventory. What am I going to do with it? I’ll make hot chocolate.” He continually pivoted. And it wasn’t a pivot of leaving his industry. This is the other thing that gets me is when people are like, “Oh, I’m going to go over and do this other industry thing.” No, it was still all inside a consumer consuming a milk-like product.
I wouldn’t be surprised if the hot chocolate mix that my mom made wasn’t a recipe from Sanalac.
Because the main ingredient is powdered milk.
Right. That’s interesting.
And you just add your own cocoa and sugar, but they’re still selling her powdered milk.
Right. Yeah, they’re still selling their product. Yeah.
Right? And if you want it more convenient, you want to take it on the road or take it on a ski trip or to the cabin in the woods or whatever, to the ice rink, you’d fill a Thermos with hot water and grab the packets and go.
Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. Yeah. Here’s the reason why I found this interesting is I want to think about where we are today. How much change is going to be happening due to AI, changes in population, things along that lines? And there’s going to be this temptation to go into different businesses. You don’t need to go into different businesses. Just look at the opportunity around the edges of your own industries because you already have a lot of knowledge about that industry. But what I really like is any one of these challenges, how many companies got wiped out following wars when the war ended and they were stuck on industry?
In the motorcycle, so many companies, things like that would wipe out, didn’t wipe them out. Or things like a whole business pivoting in terms of what the business model is, like milk delivery man. Unbelievable innovations and pivots that I think really just shows how brilliant a business person Charles Sanna was.
I think you can absolutely pare this down to he had a focus on removing friction.
And if you focus on removing friction between you and your customer, in the case of the milkman, right? The friction point as well [inaudible 00:15:47].
The milkman was removing. Yeah, but even getting into milkman-
The guy dropped off the milk and I had to remember to pick it up off the porch before it spoiled and put it in the fridge, and then put the bottles back out.
Right. But if you even think about the milkman, when it first came out, it was removing friction because it was brought to your home.
So the first removing of friction was bring milk to the home. Second removing of friction was remove the milkman. Next friction was put it in individual packages. It was that constant thinking because that’s even what landed them in the milkman business in the first place, I’m going to guess.
Sure. Yeah. Very cool. Very cool.
And that’s something you should think about in your business is-
… what’s getting in the way of my customers? What’s between me and my customers?
Constantly make it easier for the customer. Constantly make it easier. Absolutely. Oh, and later on, of course, after the business was sold, I think when it was under Beatrice, the next little giggle that they did was putting the dried marshmallows in, so then all of a sudden you’d have the dried marshmallows in with the package.
Oh, sure. Yeah. They’ve got all the different… There’s dark chocolate Swiss Miss. There’s all kinds of product fair issues. Now, we’re at about 16. Can I pull on another thread that might lead to somewhere else? I don’t know. It’s probably a dead end, but my understanding, this might be an American versus Canadianism, but this is only strangely interesting to me because I’m from Nebraska.
So the name is Beatrice or-
… the company here we would call it Beatrice. There’s a town in Nebraska, which is also where, that’s the Conagra folks. It’s Beatrice. The town is named Beatrice.
And I don’t know if that’s where the food company got its start, but it’s like, “Here’s a word that’s got three different pronunciations.” I told you this was going nowhere, but we’re at 17 minutes now.
Conagra bought Beatrice, whatever you want to call it. So yeah.
If it was a woman, you’d just call her B.
B. There you go. That’d be easier.
Beatrice. All right. Well, now you’ve solved another one of my childhood mysteries, Stephen.
Shed new light on why my mom was feeding us powdered milk all those years.
Thanks, looking forward to next time on the Empire Builders Podcast.
All right. Thanks, David.
Thanks for listening to the podcast. Please share us, subscribe on your favorite podcast app, and leave us a big fat, juicy five-star rating and review at Apple Podcasts. And if you’d like to schedule your own 90-minute Empire Building session, you can do it at empirebuildingprogram.com.