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In this episode we discuss the long-term management of congestive heart failure. We cover both reduced and preserved ejection fraction as well as the latest CCS guidelines! 

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What happens when the glomerular filtration system breaks down? This episode is all about nephrotic syndrome. We go through the pathophysiology of the kidney (comparing it to a coffee filter), the key history and physical exam one might expect with this condition, investigations to order and management specifics. Check out the related infographic at www.theinternatwork.com. 

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What is bronchiectasis? In this episode, we discuss the etiologies of bronchiectasis, the diagnostic work-up of choice and the treatments available for patients with this disease. We also discuss the EMBRACE trial that has led to change in guidelines for treatment of bronchiectasis. 

Podcast written by: Drs. Aram Karkar and Yassmin Behzadian (Internal Medicine residents), 
Reviewed by:  Dr. Sophie Corriveau and Dr. Michael Nicholson (Respirologists) and 
Dr. Leslie Martin and Dr. Jeff Yu (General Internists)
Sound Editing by: Nafis Hossain 

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In this episode we cover scales for assessing depth of sedation in the ICU, as well as medications used for analgesia and sedation. 

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In this episode, we discuss the clinical presentation, investigations and management of Variceal bleeds - a type of upper GI bleed that can cause mortality in up to 1/3 of patients with cirrhosis. 

Written by: Dr. Maria Mikail (Internal Medicine resident)
Reviewed by: Dr. Anouar Teriaky (Gastroenterology) and Dr. Karen Geukers (General Internal Medicine)
Sound Editing by: Nathan Doupnik
Infographic by: Lucy Lan (Medical student)

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Time for a respirology "ask a fellow"! In this episode we go through this niche respiratory diagnosis and cover the new 2020 ATS hypersensitivity pneumonitis guidelines. Written by Dr. Dan Gillet (Respirology Fellow) and Dr. Jennifer D'Cruz (Internal Medicine Resident). Reviewed by Dr. Cory Yamashita (Respirology) 

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As internists, we're always scared of surgical complications of our medical procedures. But pneumothoraces can occur for many reasons, and it is essential to know how to recognize and treat them! In this episode, we go over the types of pneumothoraces, approach to diagnosis, investigation and management. 

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In this episode, we review the clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up and management of patients with suspected stable CAD. Our medicine minute this week reviews the indications for early revascularization in patients with stable CAD. 

Written by: Dr. Ciara Pendrith (IM Resident)
Reviewed by: Dr. Kenneth Melvin (Cardiology) and Drs. Jonathan Ailon (GIM) and Alison Lai (GIM)

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This week we cover our approach to patients with MDS. We discuss signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria and treatment, and have a great medicine minute about advances in therapy. 

Written by: Dr. Eugene Brailovski (Internal Medicine Resident 
Reviewed by: Dr. Martina Trinkaus (Hematologist) and Dr. Steve Shumak (General Internist) 
Sound editing by: Nathan Doupnik 

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What is your approach to an incidental thyroid nodule? This episode takes us through the work up of this common internal medicine issue including key findings on history and physical exam, essential lab values and an approach to work up and management. This episode was written by Samantha Bruzzese and reviewed by Dr. Sara Awad  (Endocrinologist) and Dr. Laura Marcotte (General Internal Medicine). Produced by Nathan Duopnik (medical student). Infographic by Rachel Ahle (Physicians assistant) 

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