The life of St. Meletius of Antioch is instructive regarding many things, including those of our times who have separated themselves from unity with the rest of the Orthodox Church in their zeal, too often “not according to knowledge.” Long after the First Ecumenical Council in Nicaea and the condemnation of Arianism, St. Meletius was elected bishop by a council primarily of Arians. His consecration occurred in 357, thirty-two years after the Ecumenical Council in Nicea. St. Meletius was still in communion with Arians, and participated in a council with Arians, decades after their conciliar condemnation. Undoubtedly, that communion existed between Arians and Orthodox after the first Ecumenical Council is rather surprising to many of us

Though the Arians thought St. Meletius agreed with their confession of faith, he proved after his consecration to be completely Orthodox, confessing the Divinity of the three Persons of the Holy Trinity. However, the followers of St. Efstathios, the bishop of Antioch before him who defended the Faith against the Arians at the First Ecumenical Council, refused to recognize St. Meletius as bishop of Antioch because he had been elected mostly by Arians. St. Meletius and the other Orthodox with him did not completely separate from the Arians until after St. Meletius boldly confessed the Faith and the Arians responded by persecuting St. Meletius and driving him out of Antioch. The Efstathians were then led by Paulinus the presbyter, and his followers became known as the Paulianists.

While initially wanting to resolve the schism between the two Orthodox factions, the Paulianists and Meletians, Bp. Lucifer of Cagliari saw that the Paulianists were opposed to reconciling and so consecrated Paulinus to the episcopacy. This intervention by Bp. Lucifer did not heal the schism but actually made matters much worse, and the schism persisted for 85 years. St. Meletius recognized Bp. Paulinus as a bishop and sought in humility to reconcile with him, but the latter in his commitment to being “correct” regarding St. Meletius’ election to the episcopacy refused to be reconciled.

When the Second Ecumenical Council was eventually called to put an end to the heresies that had developed since the First Ecumenical Council, St. Meletius was called upon to preside over the council which included such great saints as St. Gregory of Nyssa who described him as “that bright sail which was ever filled by the Holy Spirit”, St. Gregory the Theologian who called him “a saintly man… a true product of the Holy Spirit”, and St. Timothy of Alexandria. Neither the Paulinists nor the Pope of Rome recognized St. Meletius and neither participated in the council (though Rome accepted the council afterwards).

Despite being rejected by the Paulinists for having been elected by Arians, St. Meletius was honored as a saint, filled with the Holy Spirit, by St. Gregory of Nyssa and St. Gregory the Theologian who knew him on earth, and he was afterwards glorified by the entire Church. St. Meletius had baptized St. John Chrysostom and ordained him to the diaconate and had also ordained St. Basil the Great to the diaconate. The greatest saints of this time supported and lauded this holy hierarch whom the zealots of the time broke communion with for having remained in communion with, and been elected by, Arians who had been condemned as heretics by the First Ecumenical Council. Through the prayers of St. Meletius may we be preserved from both heresy and false zealotry.

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