Double-entry bookkeeping is a system of accounting where every financial transaction is recorded in at least two accounts: a debit entry and a credit entry. Each transaction affects at least two accounts, and the total debits must equal the total credits, ensuring accuracy and consistency in financial records.

Balance in numbers 📖⚖️ Double-Entry Bookkeeping is the backbone of financial accountability.

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Disruptive innovation is a concept introduced by Clayton Christensen, which describes innovations that create new markets or fundamentally change existing markets by introducing simpler, more affordable, or more accessible products or services that address the needs of underserved or overlooked customer segments.

Small beginnings, massive shake-ups 🚀🌍 Disruptive

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The discount rate is the rate at which future cash flows are discounted back to their present value. It is commonly used in finance to account for the time value of money, which states that a dollar received in the future is worth less than a dollar received today due to factors like inflation, risk, and opportunity cost.

The value of patience 🕰️💸 Discount Rate shows how time impacts the worth of money and decisions.

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De-risking is a strategy used in business and investing to reduce or mitigate the potential risks associated with a project, investment, or decision. It involves identifying, analyzing, and implementing measures to minimize uncertainty and increase the likelihood of achieving desired outcomes.

Minimize risks, maximize rewards 🛡️💼 De-Risking

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Customer development is a framework introduced by Steve Blank, which emphasizes the importance of understanding customer needs, problems, and feedback in the early stages of building a startup or launching a new product. It involves a systematic process of discovering, validating, and iterating on a business idea based on direct interactions with potential customers.

Build what they need, not just what you want 🔍🤝 Customer Development is the art of deeply understanding your market.

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Crossing the chasm is a marketing concept introduced by Geoffrey A. Moore in his book "Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling High-Tech Products to Mainstream Customers." It describes the challenge that technology companies face when transitioning from selling to early adopters (innovators and early adopters) to selling to the early majority (mainstream customers). The "chasm" represents the gap between these two groups, where many technology products fail to gain widespread adoption.

The leap from early adopters to the mainstream 🌉📊 Crossing the Chasm is the roadmap for tech products that win.

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Creative destruction is an economic concept introduced by economist Joseph Schumpeter, which describes the process through which new innovations and technologies replace outdated or obsolete ones, leading to the destruction of existing industries or businesses while simultaneously creating opportunities for new ones. It is a fundamental driver of economic growth and innovation in capitalist economies.

Out with the old, in with the bold 🌟💥 Creative

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Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a systematic process for evaluating the pros and cons of a decision or project by comparing the costs incurred with the benefits gained. It involves quantifying and comparing the expected costs and benefits of different options to determine whether the benefits outweigh the costs and whether the decision or project is worth pursuing.

Measure twice, act once 💡💰

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Comparative advantage is an economic principle that suggests individuals, businesses, or countries should specialize in producing goods or services where they have the lowest opportunity cost (the cost of foregoing the next best alternative) relative to others. By specializing and trading with others who have different comparative advantages, overall productivity and efficiency can increase, leading to mutual benefits.

Winning through specialization 🏆📈

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The Coase Theorem, proposed by economist Ronald Coase, is a theory in economics that suggests that under certain conditions, individuals or businesses can negotiate and reach efficient outcomes without government intervention, regardless of the initial allocation of property rights. It asserts that as long as transaction costs are low and property rights are well-defined, private bargaining can lead to the optimal allocation of resources.

When negotiation trumps regulation 🌐⚖️ Coase

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