A patient in a MVA sustained a high‑velocity cervical spine traction injury when the shoulder was violently depressed while the neck was forced into contralateral side‑bending. Examination reveals shoulder abduction weakness, weakened elbow flexion, and absent biceps reflex. Sensation is absent over the lateral shoulder and lateral forearm extending into the thumb. Which portion of the brachial plexus is MOST likely involved?

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A 68‑year‑old patient reports chronic lateral hip pain that worsens with weight‑bearing. Examination reveals painful and limited active hip flexion, pain with active hip extension, passive hip medial rotation of 20°, and pain during squatting. The scour test with adduction reproduces lateral hip pain. Based on these findings, which diagnosis is MOST likely present?

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A patient is receiving interferential current to the medial knee for pain control after a meniscal injury. Midway through treatment, the patient reports a sharp, localized burning sensation under one electrode. The therapist stops the session and notes that the electrode is older, slightly dry, and has been reused multiple times. Which of the following factors MOST likely caused the burning sensation?

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A 68-year-old patient with a history of hyperlipidemia reports new bilateral thigh soreness and weakness that began gradually over the past month. She denies any recent increase in activity, and the pain is present at rest and unchanged by stretching or light movement. On examination, the clinician notes mild proximal muscle weakness without swelling or warmth. Which of the following sources of pain is MOST consistent with this presentation?

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A physical therapist is treating a patient with chronic swelling of the right upper extremity after removal of axillary lymph nodes. After several treatments, the therapist notices new swelling along the right side of the trunk. To prevent this secondary trunk swelling from worsening, which of the following actions is MOST appropriate?

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A 58-year-old woman reports a sudden, intense need to urinate that she finds difficult to suppress. She also reports waking twice per night to void and leaking urine before she can reach the bathroom. Urinalysis is negative for infection. Which of the following best describes the underlying mechanism MOST likely responsible for her symptoms?

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A 52-year-old male with a history of alcohol use disorder is admitted to the ICU with acute pancreatitis. On day 3, the physical therapist is asked to perform a bedside evaluation. Which of the following findings would be the most appropriate indication to defer physical therapy intervention at this time?

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A 63‑year‑old patient reports progressive fatigue, muscle weakness, and darkened skin creases. Vital signs show low blood pressure, and labs reveal hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and low cortisol levels. Which of the following diagnoses is MOST likely present?

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During the integumentary assessment, the therapist notes that the skin is cool to the touch, shiny, and hairless with diminished dorsalis pedis pulse. The therapist also observes a small ulcer on the distal lateral ankle.  Which additional finding would MOST likely be present?

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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease demonstrates pursed-lip breathing during exercise. What is the PRIMARY purpose of this breathing technique?

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