External forces of the modern era such as political & economic changes, emancipation, the collapse of the kahal autonomy, technological advancement, wars, urbanization & immigration, led to the mass secularization of the Jewish People in the modern era. Conversely Orthodoxy was defined and strengthened through confronting its struggles during this time. Many non-orthodox internal Jewish movements arose over the course of the 18th-20th centuries, each one attempting to redefine Jewish identity in the modern era. While most Jews secularized and assimilated, various internal Jewish movements from Reform & Haskala to Jewish nationalism, attempted to create an alternative sense of Jewish identity for modern times.

Subscribe to Jewish History Soundbites Podcast on: PodBean: https://jsoundbites.podbean.com/ or your favorite podcast platform

Follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter or Instagram at @Jsoundbites

For sponsorship opportunities about your favorite topics of Jewish history or feedback contact Yehuda at:  [email protected]