Astronomy was king of the sciences in the ancient world, but since the death of Ptolemy progress had all but stalled.  Fortunately astronomy was rediscovered by the Arabs, who undertook a huge translation of Greek work into Arabic.  This next generation of astronomers venerated Ptolemy but also surpassed him, improving upon his measurements and theories.  This episode examines this rediscovery and follows the broad developments in the Islamic world between the 9th and 11th century.

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Music Credit: Folk Round Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License