In this powerful episode of Holyrood Sources, historian and author James Hawes explains why Scottish independence is inevitable and argues the UK has been in terminal decline since 1922.

Speaking with host Calum Macdonald, Hawes discusses:

• Why Labour’s 2024 landslide won’t save the Union
• The rise of Reform UK and Nigel Farage’s “naked English nationalism”
• The SNP’s crisis — and its historical parallel with Irish nationalism after Parnell
• Whether the UK is becoming a modern-day Habsburg Empire
• What a post-UK future might look like for Scotland and Ireland

📚 James Hawes is the author of The Shortest History of England, The Shortest History of Germany, and the upcoming Shortest History of Ireland.

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