Tiwanaku is a megalithic stone site in Bolivia that mainstream archeologists believe was erected around the sixth century CE. However, the advanced quality of the stonework, as well as a few clues in the remaining carvings, suggest that Tiwanaku may, in fact, be a monument to a lost civilization thousands of years before the Incas.

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For well over a hundred years, western scholars have struggled to comprehend the prevalence of “trickster” tales in ancient and indigenous mythology. While these tales hold many, hotly debated meanings, recent research suggests that the trickster may, in part, be a coded representation of anomalous phenomena.

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Think Anomalous is created by Jason Charbonneau.

Illustration by V.R. Laurence (https://vrlaurence.com).

Some illustrations from earlier videos by Colin Campbell.

Research by Jason Charbonneau.

Assistance from Clark Murphy.

Music by Josh Chamberland.

Animation by Brendan Barr.

Sound design by Will Mountain and Josh Chamberland.

Selected sources:

Babcock-Abrahams, Barbara. ”’A Tolerated Margin of Mess:’ Trickster Tales Reconsidered.” Journal of the Folklore Institute 11, no. 3 (March, 1975), 147-186.

Bathgate, Michael. The Fox's Craft in Japanese Religion and Culture: Shapeshifters, Transformations, and Duplicities. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Bennett, Jeffrey. When the Sun Danced. London: University of Virginia Press, 2012.

Boas, Franz. “Introduction,” in J. Teit, Traditions of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Boston–New York, USA, 1898.

Brinton, Daniel. “The Chief God of the Algonkins, in His Characters as a Chief and Liar.” American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal 7, (May 1885): 137 – 139.

Brinton, Daniel. The Myths of the New World: A Treatise on the Symbolism and Methodology of the Red Race of America. Philadelphia: David McKay, 1896.

Brown, Norman. Hermes the Thief: The Evolution of a Myth. Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Press, (1947) 1990.

Combs, Allan, and Mark Holland. Synchronicity: Science, Myth, and the Trickster. New York: Paragon House, 1990.

Dixon, Roland B. Maidu Texts, Publications of the American Ethnological Society IV. Editor, Franz Boas. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1912.

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In 1974, Carl Higdon met a strange, floating humanoid in the woods, and was taken inside a strange see-through structure, only to be literally dropped back down to Earth. Higdon’s case is a classic UFO abduction, but it may also shed light on other unexplained disappearances and deaths around the world.

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Sources:

Bourke, Frank. “I was kidnapped by a UFO bubble.” Lafayette National Star. March 22, 1975. Article Reproduced in Sprinkle, “A Preliminary Report,” Flying Saucer Review 21, no. 3, 5-7.

Dennett, Preston E. UFO healings: True Accounts of People Healed by Extraterrestrials. Mill Spring, NC, USA: Wildflower Press, 1996.

Dennett, Preston E. The Healing Power of UFOs: 300 True Accounts of People Healed by Extraterrestrials. USA: Independently published, 2019.

Higdon, Margery A. Alien Abduction of The Wyoming Hunter: First person story of Carl Higdon, October 25, 1974. USA, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 2017.

Paulides, David, director. Missing 411: The U.F.O. Connection. 1hr, 33min. 2022.

Sprinkle, R. Leo. “A Preliminary Report on the Investigation of an Alleged UFO Occupant Encounter.” Flying Saucer Review 21, no. 3, 3 - 5. November, 1975.

Supernatural Girlz. “Carl & Margery Higdon | The Carl Higdon Alien Abduction Story.” Inception Radio Network. YouTube video, 1:13:36. November 2, 2017. https://youtu.be/789LVh-GF1Y.

Taylor, Sue. “[article title unknown]”. Rawlins Daily Times (vol. LXXXVII, No. 204). October 29, 1974. Article Reproduced in Sprinkle, “A Preliminary Report,” Flying Saucer Review 21, no. 3, 4-5.

“UFO Captives.” In Search Of. Season 3, Episode 1. September 14, 1978.

Vallée, Jacques. Dimensions: A Casebook of Alien Contact. San Antonio, TX, USA: Anomalist Books, (1988) 2008.

This podcast uses sound effects downloaded from stockmusic.com. UFO Case Review contains sound design with elements downloaded from Freesound.org. Typewriter_2rows.wav, Uploaded by Fatson under the Attribution License.

Though western science has long rejected the idea of an immaterial self, modern research into near-death experiences, or NDEs,

has now proven that many occur after the point of bodily death, and thus cannot be produced in the brain. Whether they are evidence of the soul, or some other undiscovered phenomenon, NDEs have put Western materialist scientists on the defensive, and led many researchers to embrace bold new theories of consciousness.

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Think Anomalous is created by Jason Charbonneau.

Illustration by V.R. Laurence (https://vrlaurence.com).

Research and draft written by Barry Bates.

Music by Josh Chamberland.

Animation by Brendan Barr.

Sound design by Will Mountain and Josh Chamberland.

Sources:

Corazza, Ornella. Near-Death Experiences: Exploring the Mind-Body Connection. London: Routledge, 2008.

Du Monchaux, Pierre-Jean. Anecdotes de Médicine… Lille: Chez J. B. Henry, 1766.

Egger, Victor. "Le moi des mourants." Revue Philosophique XLI (1896): 26–38.

University of Virginia School of Medicine. “Faculty and Staff- Division of Perceptual Studies.” Accessed November 11, 2023.

van der Sluijs, Marinus. “Three Ancient Reports of Near-Death Experiences: Bremmer Revisited.” Journal of Near-Death Studies 27, no. 4 (Summer 2009): 225-26.

van Lommel, Pim. Endless consciousness: a concept based on scientific studies on near – death experience In Psychological Scientific Perspectives on Out-of-Body and Near-Death Experiences. New York, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.

van Lommel, Pim. “Near-death experiences: the experience of the self as real and not as an illusion.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1234 (2011): 19–28.

Wahbeh, Helané, Dean Radin, Cedric Cannard, and Arnaud Delorme. “What if consciousness is not an emergent property of the brain? Observational and empirical challenges to materialistic models.” Frontiers 13 (September 7, 2022).

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The so-called "Zaragoza Goblin," a voice that emanated from the walls of a Spanish apartment complex in 1934 , is a rare example of an anomalous entity encounter that seems to have involved no physical entity at all. The case provides strong evidence that consciousness is capable of existing outside the body, and makes us wonder whether other "supernatural" entities like angels and aliens are really anchored to their physical bodies at all.

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Sound design by Will Mountain.

Sources:

The Times (London) Newspaper, Nov 24 - December 8.

Video by Ghost Theory:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qeExnmHv6M4

Writeup By Ghost Theory:

http://www.ghosttheory.com/2009/12/06/zaragoza-poltergeist-maniacal-voice-and-my-isolation

Many of the "classic" cases of UFO and entity encounters come from the United States, leading debunkers to dismiss the UFO phenomenon as a creation of the American media. But some of the most fantastic and puzzling abductions occurred in Italy, to a security guard named Piero Fortunato Zanfretta. The abductions were thoroughly documented by his employer, the Italian military police, and a journalist named Rino DiStefano, and yet the details are almost too bizarre to believe. The beings that Zanfretta encountered are unique in the UFO literature, but their behaviours are not entirely unfamiliar in the longer history of anomalous encounters...

CORRECTION:

Marzano, the location of the first abduction, is not in Lombardy, but in Marzano di Torriglia, near Genoa, in the vale of river Bisagno.

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Think Anomalous is created by Jason Charbonneau.

Illustration by Colin Campbell.

Music by Josh Chamberland.

Animation by Brendan Barr.

Sound design by Will Mountain and Josh Chamberland.

Special Thanks to Rino DiStefano for reviewing the script and correcting a few inaccuracies, and to my patron, Alexander Torres, for his generous financial support. For more from DiStefano, visit his website: http://rinodistefano.com/en/

Source:

Rino DiStefano. "The Zanfretta Case: Chronicle of an Incredible True Story." First International English Edition. CreateSpace Publishing, 2014.

As hard as it is to imagine now, there was once a time when UFOs were given serious, front-page coverage in US national news, and when the Air Force would hold press conferences at the Pentagon to brief the public on what it knew. All of this began to change after a highly-publicized pair of UFO sightings over the nation's capitol in the summer of 1952. Despite the Air Forces' attempts, these events remain one of Project Blue Book's hardest cases to dismiss.

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Think Anomalous is created by Jason Charbonneau.

Illustration by Colin Campbell.

Music by Josh Chamberland.

Animation by Brendan Barr.

Sound design by Will Mountain and Josh Chamberland.

Special Thanks to my patron, Alexander Torres, for his generous financial support.

Sources:

Edward Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects. New York: Doubleday, 1956).

Richard Dolan. UFOs and the National Security State: Chronology of a Cover-up, 1941-1973. Charlottesville: Hampton Roads, 2002. 1938): 247-260.

UFO Case Review contains sound design with elements downloaded from Freesound.org. Typewriter_2rows.wav, Uploaded by Fatson under the Attribution License.

By popular request, I did my next case review on the famous UFO landing in Voronezh, Russia. The story is spectacular in its own right, and I tried to do it justice in my retelling, but I've also chosen to use it as another example of the way in which modern encounters with "aliens" resemble centuries-old encounters with fairies and goblins and the like. Here I've tried to compare the being's paralyzing tube with the fairy wands and other hand-held devices of supposedly mythical peoples. Coincidence?

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Think Anomalous is created by Jason Charbonneau.

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Music by Josh Chamberland.

Animation by Brendan Barr.

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Sources:

Jacques Vallee, "UFO Chronicles of the Soviet Union: a Cosmic Samizdat" (New York: Ballantine Books, 1992).

Esther B. Fein, "U.F.O. Landing in Fact, not Fantasy, the Russians Insist," in New York Times, October 11, 1989. Retrieved May 1: https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/world/ufo-landing-is-fact-not-fantasy-the-russians-insist.html.

John Thor Dahlberg, "Voronezh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story," in Schenectady Gazette, October 11, 1989. Retrieved May 1: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19891011&id=-xQxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y-AFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1042,2604606&hl=en.

In English-language media, we're accustomed to using the terms, "UFO" and "Alien" interchangeably. While this may seem harmless enough, it is detrimental to a focused, data-conscious debate on UFOs. Here is why.

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Over the past 45 years, researchers have amassed a sizable body of literature attesting to the human ability to "sense" things in the future. The data are controversial, but they've proven tough to explain as anything but evidence that there's a lot more to consciousness than we'd previously assumed.

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Think Anomalous is created by Jason Charbonneau.

Illustration by Colin Campbell.

Music by Josh Chamberland.

Animation by Brendan Barr.

Sound design by Will Mountain and Josh Chamberland.

Sources:

Cerdena, Etzel, John Palmer and Avid Marcusson-Clavertz. "Parapsychology: A Handbook for the 21st Century." Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2015.

Bierman, Dick and Dean Radin. “Anomalous anticipatory response on randomized future conditions.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 84.

Kennedy, James and Jerry Levin. “The Relationship of Slow Cortical Potentials to Psi Information Man, Journal of Parapsychology," 39, 1975.

Mossbridge, Julia, Patrizio Trespoli and Jessica Utts. “Predictive physiological anticipation preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli: a meta-analysis.” Frontiers in Psychology 3:390, 2012: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00390

Radin, Dean. “Unconscious Perception of Future Emotions: An Experiment in Presentiment.” journal of Scientific Exploration 11, no. 2, 1997.

Tressoldi, Patrizio. "Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence: The Case of Non Local Perception, a Classical and Bayesian Review of Evidences.” Frontiers in Psychology 2 (no. 117) (2011).

Vassy, Zoltan. “Method for Measuring the Probability of 1 bit extra-sensory information transfer between living organisms." Journal of Parapsychology 42, no. 2, 1978.