Thinking in English

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People often say history repeats itself… but does it really?

When we look back at the past, certain events feel strangely familiar. Pandemics that spread across the world. Wars that change everything. Economic crashes that seem to happen just when people feel most confident about the future. 

Even though the details are different, the patterns can feel… repeated.

Also, when we talk about history, time matters. Not just what happened, but when it happened. How specific we are, and how we describe time in English. We talk about events in certain centuries, on particular days, and at exact moments that changed the world.

So in today’s episode, we’ll do two things. 

First, I’ll give you a short and clear grammar lesson on prepositions of time: in, on, andat. Then, we’ll explore some big moments from history and ask whether history really does repeat itself. As you listen, pay attention to how I use in, on, and at!

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TRANSCRIPT - ⁠https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2026/01/26/372-does-history-repeat-itself-prepositions-of-time-english-grammar-lesson/

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In the 19th century, a quiet, curious naturalist named Charles Darwin proposed a theory that went on the shake science, religion, and philosophy. Darwin introduced a new way of thinking about life itself.

His theory of evolution by natural selection revealed that every species (humans included) changes over time, adapts to its environment, and shares common ancestors.

In today’s episode of Thinking in English, I want to explore the life of Charles Darwin, look closely at his most important discoveries, and discuss how his ideas still influence modern biology.

And finally, we’ll discuss a big question: Is Charles Darwin the greatest scientist of all time?

And while we are doing this, we’ll practice our English listening comprehension and learn some new English vocabulary!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2026/01/19/371-charles-darwin-greatest-scientist-of-all-time-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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People love to debate history, especially when it comes to who was first. Last year, I made an episode about the oldest country in the world. I argued that the answer might be San Marino, because it has a long, continuous history as an independent state.

And the reaction from listeners was… quite intense! I received comments from people around the world saying things like: “No, Egypt is older!” or “China has been around for thousands of years!” or “What about Iran?”.

All of these arguments were interesting. But I think they were also missing something important: a country and a civilisation are not the same thing.

So today, instead of talking about the oldest country, we’re asking a deeper question: What is the world’s oldest civilisation?

This question is not easy to answer. In fact, it depends on how we define civilisation itself. And historians don’t always agree on that definition. But there is a popular idea called the Cradles of Civilisation. These are places in the world where human societies first grew into complex, organised, urban cultures.

So, in today’s episode, we’ll explore these ancient cradles, find out what makes a civilisation, and decide whether there really is one society we can call “the oldest civilisation in the world,” all while learning some new English vocabulary!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2026/01/12/370-what-is-the-worlds-oldest-civilisation-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Australia is a country that many English learners dream of visiting, studying in, or even working in. Its beaches, culture, and cities are famous all over the world. But how much do you really know about the history of this country?

In today’s episode, I want to discuss the development of Australia, from the first Aboriginal Australians who arrived tens of thousands of years ago, to the European settlers, the creation of modern Australia, and life today.

Along the way, I’ll explain important vocabulary and expressions, so you can improve your listening and speaking skills as we explore the fascinating story of Australia together.

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2026/01/05/369-history-of-australia-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Last year, I made an episode where I openly shared my goals and New Year’s resolutions for 2025. Now, it’s time to look back and see how I did.

In this episode, I’ll review my 2025 goals. I’ talk about what I achieved, what I only partially achieved, and where I failed. And there were definitely some failures.

 I’ll also share my personal and professional goals for 2026 and hopefully give you some ideas for your own New Year’s resolutions.

Remember, I’m not perfect, and neither are you, but we can try! Let’s take a look at what I learned last year and what’s coming next.

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2025/12/29/368-how-to-make-resolutions-for-2026-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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This is a short end-of-year bonus episode of Thinking in English. In this episode, I share a few important updates as we move towards the new year.

The Thinking in English AGM 2025 (Bonus Episode)

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Welcome to a special Thinking in English Christmas episode!

Today’s lesson isn’t about Santa Claus, reindeer, Christmas trees, or anything you might normally expect at this time of year. Instead, I want to talk about a place that literally carries the name Christmas: Christmas Island.

Christmas Island sounds like a cheerful and festive place. Photos of the island show bright blue oceans, white beaches, tropical forests, and its famous red crabs that are often featured in nature documentaries.

But behind the beautiful scenery and joyful name lies a far more complicated, and often dark, history. Christmas Island has been home to exploited migrant workers, brutal colonial mining operations, Japanese wartime occupation, and, more recently, Australia’s controversial refugee detention centre.

So today, in this Christmas special, let’s explore why one of the world’s most festive-sounding islands has such a complex past, while learning some new English vocabulary!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2025/12/22/367-the-strange-story-of-christmas-island-exploitation-occupation-and-refugees-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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In a world of social media, fake news, and deepfakes… how can we know what’s true anymore?

The phrase “post-truth” has become one of the defining ideas of our time. Politicians lie without consequence, misinformation spreads faster than facts, and many people seem to trust their feelings more than solid evidence. As a result, truth itself seems less influential than emotion or personal belief.

In today’s episode, we’re going to explore what it means to live in a post-truth society…. a society where the line between fact and opinion is increasingly blurred, and where it can feel harder than ever to know what is real.

At the same time, I’ll introduce some new and useful vocabulary, and we will practice our English listening comprehension!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2025/12/15/366-do-we-live-in-a-post-truth-society-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Today I want to talk about one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. A genius who, with almost no formal training, made mathematical discoveries that still astonish experts today. His name is Srinivasa Ramanujan, and his story is as extraordinary as the mathematical formulas he created.

Despite growing up in poverty and facing enormous challenges, Ramanujan produced ideas that continue to shape modern mathematics.

This episode is part of my Greatest Scientists Series, where we explore the lives and contributions of people who transformed our understanding of the world (while learning some new English vocabulary). And today, I want to ask an interesting question: can a mathematician like Ramanujan be considered a scientist?

Over the next few minutes, we’ll explore his early life in India, his journey to England, the famous collaboration with G.H. Hardy, his remarkable discoveries, his legacy, and finally, we’ll reflect on the role of mathematics itself in the world of science.

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2025/12/08/365-who-was-ramanujan-the-greatest-mathematician-of-all-time-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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What is the EU?

Is it just a group of countries in Europe? Is it a trade bloc? Or is it something much more complex?

When people talk about the EU, they often mention things like the Euro, the Schengen Zone, or European laws, but many people don’t actually know what the EU really is or how it works.

In today’s episode of Thinking in English, I want to explore the European Union, which I think one of the most ambitious and influential political projects in modern history. We’ll look at what the EU actually is, how and why it was created, and what its main institutions do. I’ll also try to clear up some common confusions, like the difference between the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, and the EU itself.

Finally, we’ll examine its successes and criticisms, discuss why the United Kingdom decided to leave, and consider what the future of the European Union might look like, all while learning some new vocabulary and practicing your English comprehension!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2025/12/01/364-what-is-the-eu-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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