Speaker: Dungse Jampal Norbu. Dungse-la does a thorough explanation on the basis of the practice of tonglen or exchanging self for other. He reviews how we feel ourselves to be a solid entity and the suffering that arises from that misapprehension. The practice of tonglen undercuts that fixation on a sense of self. He explains the prajna paramita teachings, the four noble truths and then goes on to describe three forms of tonglen. Tonglen can happen on the cushion during a meditation session and also off the cushion after one has developed fearlessness.