Keeping Scott Base warm and well-lit no matter the weather outside, and a physics experiment that eavesdrops on messages to submarines.

Small coloured flags fluttering atop bamboo poles are a familiar sight in Antarctica, marking safe routes for travel on the sea ice, where cracks and thin ice can pose a danger.

The way they flutter is a good unofficial barometer for how strong the wind is, but the official Ross Island weather designation varies from Condition 3 - normal conditions - up to Condition 1 - when temperatures are so low and wind so strong that people are confined to base.

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In the Antarctica Specially Protected Area at Arrival Heights, located between Scott Base and McMurdo Station, physicists from the University of Otago maintain a VLF (Very Low Frequency) radar to eavesdrop on communication signals sent to submarines.

These VLF signals travel for thousands of kilometres and bounce off the ionosphere, and Antarctica is a great place to detect them. The physicists use the signals to study sun flare activity.

Lightning strikes are also detectable in the very low frequency range, and the University of Otago Space Physics Group also maintains a lightning detector at Scott Base that is part of a global lightning detection network.

Voices from Antarctica - listen to the full series

Voices from Antarctica 1: Ice Flight

Voices from Antarctica 2: Scott Base

Voices from Antarctica 3: Flags to physics

Voices from Antarctica 4: Best journey in the world

Voices from Antarctica 5: Waiting for Emperors

Voices from Antarctica 6: Seal songs

Voices from Antarctica 7: What the ice is saying

Voices from Antarctica 8: Under the ice

Our Changing World's Antarctic collection

Listen to a wide range of stories recorded in and about Antarctica from our archives.

Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details