Michael Giangreco is a University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Special Education at the University of Vermont and is affiliated with the UVM Center on Disability and Community Inclusion. He’s authored over 200 publications, presented across the U.S. and internationally, and is known for the “Absurdities and Realities of Special Education” cartoon collection, created to spark reflection and change in inclusive education.

Tim talks with Michael about why many schools over-rely on paraprofessionals for inclusion and how that can unintentionally create dependency, block peer relationships, reduce teacher ownership, and limit access to qualified instruction. Michael offers a simple shift: teachers take instructional ownership, special educators co-plan and co-facilitate, and paraprofessionals support the teachers (not attach 1:1 to students), all within inclusion‑oriented schools using natural proportions. They close with the story behind Michael’s cartoons and why humor and candor help the field move forward.

Complete show notes and transcript: https://mcie.org/think-inclusive/michael-giangreco-on-the-overreliance-of-paraprofessionals-to-implement-inclusive-education-2/