●     内容： 经典寓言故事《乌鸦与水罐》的精简版。

●     选材理由： 寓言故事叙事性强，能有效巩固一般过去时11。故事中因果关系清晰，如“因为…所以…”的逻辑链，为引导学生进行讨论并用英文表达观点提供了基础。

●     语法重点： 一般过去时。

●     拓展建议： 在读完故事后，组织学生讨论故事的寓意，并用英文发表自己的看法，实现MEXT大纲中“交流自己的思想与感受”的目标1。

课文：

Once upon a time, a crowwas very thirsty. It flew for a long time, but it could not find any water.Finally, it saw a big pitcher on the ground. The crow was very happy! It flewdown and looked inside. There was water, but the water level was very low. Thecrow’s beak was too short to reach it. The crow tried to tip the pitcher over,but it was too heavy. The crow was clever. It saw some small stones on theground. It picked up a stone and dropped it into the pitcher. Then it picked upanother one and another one. After a while, the water level rose. The crowdrank the water and flew away, very satisfied. The crow understood that a smallaction, when repeated many times, can solve a big problem.

●     内容： 一篇关于水循环（Water Cycle）的科普文章，描述水的不同形态（固态、液态、气态）及其未来的变化。

●     选材理由： 该主题借鉴了低龄科学故事中“水的状态”这一主题，但在语言和概念深度上进行了升级。文章将大量使用will和be going to来描述水的未来状态或预测，从而强化对未来时态的掌握。

●     语法重点： 未来形 (will and be going to)。

课文：

I am a small drop ofwater, and I am going on a long journey. Right now, I am in a big, blue lake.But the sun is going to shine on me soon. When the sun gets hotter, I willbecome a gas and rise into the sky. I will join billions of other drops to forma cloud. In the sky, it will be very cold. My cloud is going to get bigger andbigger. When it gets too heavy, the drops will fall to the Earth again as rain.I might fall on a mountain, and then I will become part of a stream. Thisstream is going to flow down the mountain to a bigger river. The river willthen take me back to the ocean, and I will begin my journey all over again.

●     内容： 一篇简化的历史科普文章，介绍古代奥运会与现代奥运会的起源与发展，包含具体的年份与历史事件。

●     选材理由： 体育是中学学生普遍感兴趣的领域。历史主题能够自然地大量使用一般过去时。同时，文章中如“The games were held...”这样的句子能有效引入被动语态，与中学二年级的语法要求相匹配。

●     语法重点： 一般过去时，被动语态。

●     拓展建议： 教师可以提供一个图表，让学生根据课文内容填写不同时期奥运会的特点，锻炼他们的信息提取与归纳能力。

课文：

The first Olympic Gameswere held in ancient Greece in 776 BC. The games were part of a religiousfestival to honor the Greek gods. Only men were allowed to compete. The winnerswere given a crown of olive leaves. The games were stopped for a long time, butthey were brought back in 1896 by a French educator named Pierre de Coubertin.This was the first modern Olympic Games. Since then, the games have been heldevery four years. Many new sports were added, and women were finally allowed toparticipate. The games were hosted by different countries around the world. Forexample, the 1964 games were held in Tokyo.10Today, the Olympics are a global event watched by billions ofpeople. They are designed to bring people together in peace.

●     内容： 一篇关于友谊的议论文，讨论如何成为一个好朋友，并用比较级来比较不同类型的友谊。

●     选材理由： MEXT大纲提及“交流自己的思想与感受”1，友谊是一个完美的切入点。文章将自然使用比较级和不定式来表达观点。

●     语法重点： 比较级，不定式。

●     拓展建议： 提供几个讨论问题，引导学生用比较级来比较“线上朋友”与“线下朋友”的优劣，从而将情感认知与语言应用相结合。

课文：

A good friend is one ofthe most important things in life. Some people have many friends, while othershave fewer. I think having a few good friends is better than having a lot offriends who you don't know very well. A true friend is always honest. A goodfriend is more honest than a stranger. You can talk to your friends aboutanything, and they will listen. A good friend will listen more patiently thananyone else. I want to be a better friend to my friends. To be a good friend,you need to listen, be kind, and be trustworthy. Sometimes, a friend can bemore helpful than a family member because they can give you a different view.The best friends help us to be the best version of ourselves.

●     内容： 模仿剑桥英语A2 Key考试模式，提供三位不同少年（例如：一位跑步者、一位滑板手、一位攀岩者）对各自爱好的简短描述7。

●     选材理由： 该文本直接应用了成熟的教学模式，既符合“兴趣爱好”这一主题领域，又提供了现成的“三文本-多问题”阅读理解模式7。文章中可以自然地包含动名词（如

skateboarding,climbing）和不定式（如I'd like to do it once a week）。

●     语法重点： 动名词，不定式，过去进行时。

课文：

My name is Kenji, and Ilove running. I've been running for two years now. I enjoy running because ithelps me stay healthy and strong. When I first started, I was running just oneor two kilometers. Now, I can run ten kilometers. I plan to join a marathonnext year. My friend, Hiroshi, loves skateboarding. He often goes to the parkto practice. He's very good at doing tricks. I remember one day, I was studyingin the library at 3 p.m., and he was practicing a new trick with his cousin. Myother friend, Taro, likes rock climbing. He needs a lot of equipment. His momdrives him to the climbing gym. He hopes to climb a big mountain in the future.He says it is a great way to stay active.

内容： 一篇以第一人称视角描述日本中学生早晨日常的短文，自然地融入简单现在时与过去时态的对比。

选材理由： 该主题与MEXT大纲中强调的“简单而熟悉的生活话题”高度契合。通过描述个人例行公事，学生可以巩固动词的现在时态，并通过描述“昨天”的早晨来练习过去时态。

语法重点： 一般现在时，一般过去时。

拓展建议： 鼓励学生以“Yesterday, I...”为题，描述自己昨天的行动，实现口语和写作的结合。教师可以引导学生在小组内分享自己的早晨 routine，然后用过去时描述昨天的差异。

课文：

I usually wake up at 7 a.m. on weekdays. The first thing I do is brush my teeth and wash my face. Then, I go to the kitchen to eat breakfast with my family. I always have toast and milk. Last Saturday, I woke up at 6 a.m. because I had an early basketball practice. I ate my toast very fast and left the house early. My sister was still sleeping. I ran to the park where we practice, so I arrived on time. Today, I am taking my time. My morning is very relaxed. I often do my homework in the morning, but yesterday I finished it after school. I have my bag ready for class. After breakfast, I will walk to school with my friends. We usually talk about games on the way.

背景： 这篇课文是一篇关于个人未来职业和成长抱负的独白，与学生们对未来和幸福的思考高度相关。

核心语言重点： 未来时态、不定式作宾语，以及动词后接介词再接动名词。

课文：

When I grow up, I wantto be a teacher. I think it is a very rewarding job. I hope to become a highschool English teacher and share my love of reading with others. Being anEnglish teacher isn't just about books, though. It's about helping studentsexpress themselves confidently. I am also thinking about getting a teachingdegree to achieve this goal. I know it will not be easy to become a teacher,but I am ready for the challenge. I plan on creating a safe and encouragingclassroom where students feel comfortable. I believe that teaching is more thanjust giving lessons; it’s about connecting with people. I want to help mystudents grow academically and personally. And if, in the future, one of themsays that I helped them, I will know that I did my job right.

词汇亮点：

●    rewarding 有回报的

●    confidently 自信地

●    degree 学位

●    academically 学术上

●    challenge 挑战

语法解析：

本课文综合使用了多个语法点，以描绘一个人的未来愿景。句子“I want tobe a teacher”和“I hope to become a high school English teacher”展示了动词后接不定式的用法。此外，“I am alsothinking about getting a teaching degree”和“I plan oncreating a safe and encouraging classroom”展示了动词后接介词再接动名词的用法 9。这些句型为学生提供了讨论个人梦想和计划的实用工具，完美地总结了整个系列的课文。

背景： 本课文以一个游戏设计项目为主题，完美地融合了学生对游戏的热情与故事创作的结构化学习。

核心语言重点： 不定式作目的状语（to + 动词）和未来时态。

课文：

Welcome to the ultimategame design challenge! Your task is to turn a classic story into a video game.First, you will need to choose a story to inspire your game. To begin theproject, you must first design your main character. You will need to think abouttheir strengths and weaknesses to make them interesting for players. Next, youwill need to create a game world. To make the world feel real, you should useevidence from the story. Your goal is to design a unique world that will drawplayers in. After that, you must create a storyboard to show the most importantscenes. To explain your ideas, you can also write a short letter to the gamedevelopers. I am going to choose "The Tortoise and the Hare" tocreate my game.

词汇亮点：

●    challenge 挑战

●    design 设计

●    inspire 启发

●    storyboard 故事板

●    developers 开发者

语法解析：

这篇课文着重于不定式作目的状语的用法，这在英语中是一种常见的句型 10。例如，“To begin theproject, you must...”和“To make the world feel real, youshould...”的句式，都清晰地表明了“做某事”的目的是什么。此外，课文还使用了未来时态来描述项目中的步骤，例如“you will need to choose a story”和“you willneed to create a game world”。这种结合使得语言学习与一个具体、可操作的任务相结合。

背景： 这是一篇富有趣味性的故事，讲述了一台电脑或AI如何发展出自己的爱好，将技术主题与轻松的叙事相结合。

核心语言重点： 5种基本句型 20。

课文：

My computer is namedByte. It is a very powerful computer. Last month, it decided to try a newhobby. It started learning to play chess. The game was difficult at first, butByte was determined to win. It spent every night practicing with a chessprogram. Soon, its skills became stronger. Byte defeated every chess program itplayed. One day, a grandmaster came to the house. Byte challenged the master toa match. The master was surprised. “A computer can’t play chess,” he said. Butthe master soon saw how intelligent Byte was. The computer played an amazinggame and won! It finally had a new friend, and they continue to play chesstogether every day.

词汇亮点：

●    powerful 强大的

●    determined 坚定的

●    chess 国际象棋

●    grandmaster 国际象棋特级大师

●    challenged 挑战

语法解析：

这篇课文旨在帮助学生掌握五种基本句型。

1.    主谓（SV）： My computer is namedByte.

2.    主谓宾（SVO）： It defeated every chessprogram.

3.    主谓双宾（SVOO）： The master gave thecomputer a surprised look.（此句可稍作修改）

4.    主谓宾补（SVOC）： The computer played anamazing game and won!

5.   主谓表（SVC）： It is a verypowerful computer.

通过有意地在叙事中嵌入这些句型，学生可以在阅读中直观地理解每种句型在句子结构中的作用。

背景： 一篇关于剑道的自述，与日本中学生广泛参与的传统武术俱乐部活动相关。

核心语言重点： 动名词作主语和动词宾语，以及未来时态。

课文：

Every weekday after school, I go to the kendo club. Practicing kendo is a great way to stay active and focus my mind. When I first started, my movements were slow, and I was nervous about sparring with my classmates. But my sensei told me to keep practicing. Now, I love practicing with my sensei and getting better every day. I also enjoy competing in the tournaments. Winning a match is a wonderful feeling! I think that becoming a kendo master takes a lot of hard work and self-discipline, but I am determined to do it. My friends and I are planning on entering the regional tournament next month. Our goal is to win and go to the national championship. I am looking forward to competing and showing everyone my progress.

词汇亮点：

kendo 剑道（日式发音的英语）

sensei 教练、老师（日式发音的英语，汉字是“先生”）

sparring 实战练习

self-discipline 自律

determined 有决心的

regional 地区的

语法解析：

本课文使用了多种动名词和不定式来描述爱好、计划和感受。

Practicing kendo（练习剑道）是句子的主语，而enjoy competing（喜欢竞争）中的动名词competing则是动词enjoy的宾语。

此外，课文还使用了are planning on entering和am looking forward to competing等短语，这些短语也要求使用动名词，为学生提供了额外的练习机会。