In continuation of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard talks about the eighth ecumenical council - the fourth council of Constantinople. Learn how this council marked a turning point both in church councils and in church history between the East and the West.

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SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* Papal Encyclicals Online: Fourth Council of Constantinople

* New Advent: Fourth Council of Constantinople

* Video: General Councils 8: Constantinople IV - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas (Anglican source)

* Video: Against Photius on the Filioque 1: Scholastic Answers (Catholic source)

* Audio: Bishops - Part 30: The Tumultuous 9th Century Part 1 (Orthodox source)

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

* Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils

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