In our first episode about how the Middle East was handled at the Conference we need to talk about what mandates are and how they were applied all over the world. The most important Arab representative to the conference, Feisal Hussein, would not receive the welcome that he hoped. 

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Sources:

A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman

Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr.

The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger

Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James

The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr.

Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore

Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana

On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer

France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum

Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks

Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke

Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson

Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960)

Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher

The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer

The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks

The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker

Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau

Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan

Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius

The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor

The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze

A World Remade by G.J. Meyer

Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson

The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer

The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman

Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout

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