The United States is in the midst of an epidemic of addiction and overdose deaths due to opiate painkillers. Its causes are varied, but there's no question that physicians share a large part of the blame. Little discussed is that this is actually the second time this has happened. Almost a century ago, a remarkably similar epidemic struck the country. In this episode, called "The First Opiate Epidemic," I discuss what happened, the parallels to today, and the lessons we can learn from our forebearers. Learn about all this and a new #AdamAnswers in this month's Bedside Rounds, a tiny podcast about fascinating stories in clinical medicine!

Sources:

• Courtwright DT. Dark Paradise: A History of Opiate Addiction in America. Harvard University Press, 2001.
• Meldrum ML, "The ongoing opiod prescription epidemic: historical context," Am J Public Health. 2016 August; 106(8): 1365–1366.
• Courtwright DT, "Preventing and treating narcotic addiction -- a century of federal drug control," N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2095-2097.
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• Macht DI, "The history of opium and some of its preparations and alkaloids," JAMA. 1915;LXIV(6):477-481.
• Hamilton GR and Baskett TF, "In the arms of Morpheus: the development of morphine for postoperative pain relief," Can J Anesth. 2000;47:4, 367-374.
• Weiner JP, "A shortage of physicians or a surplus of assumptions?" Health Aff January 2002 vol. 21 no. 1 160-162.
• Gudbranson BA et al, Reassessing the Data on Whether a Physician Shortage Exists. JAMA. 2017;317(19):1945-1946.
• Kirch DG and Petelle K, Addressing the Physician Shortage: The Peril of Ignoring Demography. JAMA. 2017;317(19):1947-1948.