Urine drug testing provides critical insights for addiction treatment, helping clinicians understand what substances patients are actually using and how the drug supply is rapidly changing. Matthew Rutledge, founder of MD Labs, shares his expertise on testing methodologies, detection capabilities, and emerging trends in substance use.

• Different drug test types include basic immunoassay cups (similar to pregnancy tests), which detect drug shapes but can have false positives/negatives
• Liquid and Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry provides highly accurate substance identification down to nanogram levels
• Developing tests for novel substances takes 2-4 months, requiring standards and validation across hundreds of specimens
• Poppy seed muffins can genuinely cause positive opiate tests depending on seed source and patient body mass
• Unexpected test results require clinical judgment—some exposures may occur through contamination, intimate contact, or environmental exposure
• Integration of pain and addiction medicine allows better co-management of patients with both conditions
• Emerging threats include nitazine opioids, exotic benzodiazepines, and tianeptine ("gas station heroin")
• Test adulteration methods (vinegar, bleach, dilution) can be detected through validity testing for oxidants, creatinine levels, and specific gravity

To contact Dr. Grover: [email protected]